Analytical study of surface wave multiple refraction in boundary of a scalar impedance surface with a tensor impedance surface

In this paper, the multiple refraction phenomenon is investigated on the boundary of a scalar impedance surface (SIS) and a tensor impedance surface (TIS). When a surface wave (SW) propagates on the SIS and radiates to the boundary of the TIS, the propagation direction of it is changed and the refraction phenomenon is accrued. The method that is proposed in this paper can predict the multiple refraction for the SW. Moreover, another analytical method is introduced for designing the proposed structure which the double refraction (DR) occurs at arbitrary angles on it. Using it, a sample of the structure is designed by printed circuits in 15.2GHz and the results are verified by the full‐wave simulation and measurement. The results are shown that in the structure, DR is occurred in 2° and 22° as predicted. The proposed method can provide many applications such as design of SW power dividers based on the TISs, impedance surface based waveguides, holographic antennas, and feeding of array antennas.     

Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases

There has been an increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases with the rapid increase in aging societies worldwide. Biomarkers that can be used to detect pathological changes before the development of severe neuronal loss and consequently facilitate early intervention with disease-modifying therapeutic modalities are therefore urgently needed. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising tool that can be used to infer microstructural characteristics of the brain, such as microstructural integrity and complexity, as well as axonal density, order, and myelination, through the utilization of water molecules that are diffused within the tissue, with displacement at the micron scale. Diffusion tensor imaging is the most commonly used diffusion MRI technique to assess the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. However, diffusion tensor imaging has several limitations, and new technologies, including neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, and free-water imaging, have been recently developed as approaches to overcome these constraints. This review provides an overview of these technologies and their potential as biomarkers for the early diagnosis and disease progression of major neurodegenerative diseases.     

基于倾角导向梯度能量熵的断层检测方法

断层解释是三维地震数据精细构造解释的关键。三维不连续性地震几何属性分析技术的发展，为断层等不连续性地质边界的检测和识别提供了极大的便利。针对传统地震几何属性对随机噪声较为敏感，用于检测和识别微小断层效果不好这一现实问题，提出了一种基于倾角导向梯度能量熵的相干分析方法。首先利用梯度结构张量获取倾角信息，然后通过构建梯度相关矩阵计算局部地震数据的梯度能量熵值。高能量熵值代表数据的连续性很差，低能量熵值代表数据的连续性很好，因此可以利用能量熵值刻画三维地震数据的不连续性空间结构信息。理论模型和实际数据测试表明，新方法不仅抗噪能力较强，而且对断层等不连续性边界的检测效果比超级地震道第一代相干体（ST-C1）、超级地震道第三代相干体（ST-C3）和局部结构熵相干体（LSE）都好，可以有效地用于三维断层及其他地质边界的地震解释。     

初始曲率对管道承载能力的影响

为研究初始曲率对管道承载能力的影响,基于梁理论建立管道横截面应变能与变形之间的数学关系式,采用三角级数法对方程进行求解,获得了管道的弯矩和椭圆度。以φ254 mm(10 in)管道为例,基于有限元仿真计算了含有初始曲率管道的弯矩、张力承载能力和椭圆度,并通过试验对弯矩和椭圆度进行比较分析。研究结果表明:随初始曲率增大,弯矩呈现先增加再减小的规律,椭圆度则一直增大;含有初始曲率的管道比没有初始曲率的管道弯矩承载能力更小、椭圆度更大;管道张力承载能力随初始曲率和弯曲段长度的增加而降低;在相同初始曲率下,管道相对弯矩的试验值和仿真值分别比理论值大约18. 9%和8. 5%,椭圆度试验值比理论值和仿真值分别小约17. 5%和9. 1%,说明理论值偏保守,但偏差在工程应用的允许范围内,验证了理论方法的正确性。研究结果可为管道安全设计提供一定的参考。     

基于图像轮廓曲线的拐点检测算法

拐点是图像很重要的特征,包含图像的主要结构信息，拐点检测对图像配准、目标识别和三维重建等任务的处理都有着非常重要的作用。从研究轮廓上点的曲率出发，针对传统基于轮廓的拐点检测算法对噪声和局部变化敏感而造成检测结果不稳定的问题，提出一种间接反映轮廓曲率特性的方法，记为APTD(Accumulation of Point to Tangent Distance)。使用高斯函数对轮廓曲线进行平滑处理，轮廓上点的曲率越大则该点附近的点到该点处切线的距离也越大，根据这一思想，将轮廓上点附近支撑域内的点到该点所对应切线相对距离的累加和作为拐点的判别函数，从而实现轮廓拐点的检测。经由数学推导表明所提出的算法具有合理性和可行性，对比实验分析表明该算法精度高、运算量小、定位准确。     

利用不连续性的各向异性扩散滤波方法识别断层

在提高地震数据信噪比的同时保护断层等不连续的边界信息，对于地震精细解释具有非常重要的意义。为此，在前人的研究基础上，提出了基于不连续性的三维各向异性扩散滤波方法，分析了结构张量特征值与三维地震图像的局部结构特征之间的关系，并利用断层置信度参数重新设计扩散张量的特征值，可以更合理地控制地震数据沿不同方向的扩散滤波强度：在地震同相轴连续性较好之处，断层置信度参数趋于0，滤波强度大；在断层等地质体的边缘处，断层置信度参数趋于1，扩散滤波强度弱，可以有效保护断层等不连续边界的信息。模型测试和实际资料的应用证明，所提方法在提高地震资料信噪比的同时，可有效保护断层等不连续的边界信息，并在连续地层区域增强同相轴的连续性，为断层解释提供良好的基础数据。     

Shape from focus based on 3D structure tensor using optical microscopy

Shape from focus (SFF) is a widely used passive optical method for 3D shape reconstruction. In SFF, a focus measure, which is used to estimate the relative focus level, plays a critical role in depth estimation. In this article, we present a new focus measure for accurate 3D shape estimation in optical microscopy based on the analysis of 3D structure tensor. First, the 3D tensors are computed from the input image sequence for each pixel. Then, each tensor is decomposed into point, curve, and surface tensors by decomposing tensors into eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Finally, the surfaceness is used to measure the quality of sharpness. The proposed focus measure provides accurate focus values and better resistance against noise. The proposed measure is evaluated by conducting experiments using image sequences of simulated and microscopic real objects. The comparative analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed focus measure in recovering 3D shape.     

A PID-incorporated Latent Factorization of Tensors Approach to Dynamically Weighted Directed Network Analysis

A large-scale dynamically weighted directed network (DWDN) involving numerous entities and massive dynamic interaction is an essential data source in many big-data-related applications, like in a terminal interaction pattern analysis system (TIPAS). It can be represented by a high-dimensional and incomplete (HDI) tensor whose entries are mostly unknown. Yet such an HDI tensor contains a wealth knowledge regarding various desired patterns like potential links in a DWDN. A latent factorization-of-tensors (LFT) model proves to be highly efficient in extracting such knowledge from an HDI tensor, which is commonly achieved via a stochastic gradient descent (SGD) solver. However, an SGD-based LFT model suffers from slow convergence that impairs its efficiency on large-scale DWDNs. To address this issue, this work proposes a proportional-integral-derivative (PID)-incorporated LFT model. It constructs an adjusted instance error based on the PID control principle, and then substitutes it into an SGD solver to improve the convergence rate. Empirical studies on two DWDNs generated by a real TIPAS show that compared with state-of-the-art models, the proposed model achieves significant efficiency gain as well as highly competitive prediction accuracy when handling the task of missing link prediction for a given DWDN.      

曲率半径对均质圆弧型滑坡稳定性的影响

在采用条分法计算滑坡体稳定性时,条分数对计算结果影响很大,尤其是圆弧型滑坡。在圆弧型滑坡中曲率半径直接决定了滑坡体的实际形态,影响条块的划分。条块划分越密,计算的滑面形态越接近真实滑面,计算结果越精确。为探索曲率半径对滑坡体稳定性影响的规律,采用传递系数法对不同曲率半径的滑坡进行稳定性计算。结果表明,稳定性系数随曲率半径的增大而减小并逐渐趋于平缓。进而根据现行规范,提出了曲率半径与条分数的拟合公式,建立了统一的条分原则,有效提高了稳定性的计算速度与精度。     

Turbulent flame structure characteristics of hydrogen enriched natural gas with CO2 dilution

This paper investigated the hydrogen enriched methane/air flames diluted with CO₂. The turbulent premixed flame was stabilized on a Bunsen type burner and the two dimensional instantaneous OH profile was measured by Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF). The flame front structure characteristics were obtained by extracting the flame front from OH-PLIF images. And the turbulence-flame interaction was analyzed through the statistic parameters. The role of hydrogen addition as well as CO₂ dilution on the features of turbulent flame were revealed by those parameters. In this work, hydrogen fractions of 0, 0.2 and CO₂ dilution ratios of 0, 0.05 and 0.1 were studied. Results showed that hydrogen addition can enhance turbulent burning velocity ST/S_L through decreasing the scale of the finer structure of the wrinkled flame front, caused by the smaller flame instability scale. In contrast, CO₂ dilution decreased turbulent burning velocity S_T/S_L due to its inactive response to turbulence perturbation and larger flame wrinkles. For all flames, the probability density function (PDF) profile of the local curvature radius R shows a bias to positive value, resulted from the flame intrinsic instability. The PDF profile of R decreases with CO₂ dilution, while the value of local curvature radius corresponding to the peak PDF is larger. This indicates that larger wrinkles structure was generated due to CO₂ dilution, which leads to the decrease in S_T/S_L as a consequence. Hydrogen addition increases the flame volume and results in more intense combustion. CO₂ dilution has a decrease effect on flame volume for both X_H2 = 0 and X_H2 = 0.2 while the decrease is obvious at X_H2 = 0.2, Z_CO2 = 0.1. In all, hydrogen enrichment improves the combustion while CO₂ can moderate combustion. Therefore, adding hydrogen and CO₂ in natural gas can be a potential method for adjusting the combustion intensity in combustion chamber during the combustor design.