Selective molecularly imprinted polymer nanofiber sorbent for the extraction of bisphenol A in a water sample

Novel molecularly imprinted polymer nanofibers (MIP‐NFs) were prepared for the adsorption of bisphenol A (BPA) in a water sample using the sol–gel process and the electrospinning technique. The effects of a number of synthesis parameters on the adsorption efficiency were investigated. The successful removal of BPA from MIP‐NFs was studied using UV–visible spectroscopy. The prepared MIP‐NFs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, field emission SEM, TEM and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. The results showed that the required molar ratio of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to BPA was 15:1, which indicates a good performance in the rebinding test. Likewise, the molar ratio of APTES:acid:water was 1:2:9. The nylon 6 polymer solution, with a concentration of 12 wt%, showed a maximum adsorption capacity for BPA due to a decrease in the nanofiber diameter and an increase in the accessible sites. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of BPA was achieved at pH 7. Concerning the binding of BPA on MIP‐NFs, the experimental data matched well with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics data and the Sips isotherm model. The saturated binding capacity for MIP‐NFs was predicted to be 115.1 mg g^?1, which was more than twice as high as that for non‐imprinted polymer nanofibers (46.82 mg g^?1). The results obtained in this study confirmed that the prepared MIP‐NFs showed considerable binding specificity for BPA in comparison with similar structural compounds such as phenol, naphthol and Naphthol AS, in aqueous solution. The binding capacity of MIP‐NFs remained almost constant after five cycles of reuse. The real sample analysis indicated that MIP‐NFs could be utilized as a useful sorbent material for the extraction of BPA from a water sample.     

金属有机框架材料MIL-53(Al)-F127对双酚A的吸附性能

采用一步溶剂热法制备具有介孔结构金属有机框架材料MIL-53(Al)-F127，用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外变换光谱仪(FTIR)、全自动比表面积及孔隙度分析仪(BET)等手段表征其形貌和结构，探究其对双酚A(BPA)的吸附性能并与微孔结构的MIL-53(Al)对比，研究了吸附剂的含量、pH以及温度对其吸附性能的影响。结果表明，介孔结构金属有机框架材料MIL-53(Al)-F127对双酚A具有良好的吸附性能；在pH值为6、温度为30℃条件下MIL-53(Al)-F127在20 min左右达到最大平衡吸附量为27.2 mg/g，去除率达到92%。其吸附动力学模型拟合结果，符合准二级动力学曲线。     

Identifying model pollutants to investigate biodegradation of hazardous XOCs in WWTPs

Xenobiotic organic compounds (XOCs) in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents might cause toxic effects in ecosystems. Several investigations have emphasized biodegradation as an important removal mechanism to reduce pollution with XOCs from WWTP effluents. The aim of the study was to design a screening tool to identify and select hazardous model pollutants for the further investigation of biodegradation in WWTPs. The screening tool consists of three criteria: The XOC is present in WWTP effluents, the XOC constitutes an intolerable risk in drinking water or the environment, and the XOC is expected to be biodegradable in WWTPs. The screening tool was tested on bisphenol A (BPA), carbamazepine (CBZ), di(2ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), 17beta-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), 17alpha-ethinyloetradiol (EE2), ibuprofen, naproxen, nonylphenol (NP), and octylphenol (OP). BPA, DEHP, E2, E1, EE2, and NP passed all criteria in the screening tool and were selected as model pollutants. OP did not pass the filter and was rejected as model pollutant. CBZ, ibuprofen, and naproxen were not finally evaluated due to insufficient data.     

Electrochemical degradation of bisphenol A on different anodes

Laboratory experiments were carried out on the kinetics, pathways and mechanisms of electrochemical (EC) degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) on four types of anodes, Ti/boron-doped diamond (BDD), Ti/Sb-SnO₂, Ti/RuO₂ and Pt. There were considerable differences among the anodes in their effectiveness and performance of BPA electrolysis. BPA was readily destructed at the Ti/Sb-SnO₂ and Ti/BDD anodes, the Pt anode had a moderate ability to remove BPA, and the Ti/RuO₂ anode was incapable of effectively oxidising BPA. The intermediate products of EC degradation of BPA were detected and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and a general BPA degradation pathway was proposed based on the analytical results. It was suggested that OH radicals produced by water electrolysis attacked BPA to form hydroxylated BPA derivatives that were then transformed into one-ring aromatic compounds. These compounds underwent ring breakage, which led to the formation of aliphatic acids that were eventually mineralised by electrolysis to CO₂. Compared to the Pt and Ti/RuO₂ anodes, the Ti/Sb-SnO₂ and Ti/BDD anodes were found to have higher oxygen evolution potentials and higher anodic potentials for BPA electrolysis under the same current condition. However, the stability and durability of the Ti/Sb-SnO₂ anode still needs to be greatly improved for actual application. In comparison, with its high durability and good reactivity for organic oxidation, the Ti/BDD anode appears to be the more promising one for the effective EC treatment of BPA and similar endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) pollutants.     

Adsorption of Bisphenol A to a Carbon Nanotube Reduced Its Endocrine Disrupting Effect in Mice Male Offspring

Soluble carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown promise as materials for adsorption of environmental contaminants such as Bisphenol A (BPA), due to the high adsorption capacity and strong desorption hysteresis of BPA on CNTs. The adsorption of BPA to CNTs may change the properties of both BPA and CNTs, and induce different toxicity to human and living systems from that of BPA and CNTs alone. Herein, we report that oral exposure of BPA/MWCNT–COOH (carboxylated multi-walled carbon nantubes) adduct to mice during gestation and lactation period decreased the male offspring reproductive toxicity compared with those induced by BPA alone. The adduct decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in testis and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in serum, but increased the level of serum testosterone in male offspring in comparison to BPA alone. Our investigations broadened the knowledge of nanotoxicity and provided important information on the safe application of CNTs.     

基于Oracle的通用数据格式的电力系统模拟程序设计

在Oracle数据库上建立了一个基于VB.net的应用程序,来解决电力系统仿真程序的数据转换问题。电力系统的常见模拟模式是建立在Oracle数据库中,作为平台的一站式数据保存。用VB开发程序将数据转移到数据库中,并将数据转换为不同的格式。测试结果表明转换可以方便的操作,并且提高了工作效率和精度。     

基于改进遗传算法电力系统仿真软件间模型参数转换研究

现存电力系统各商业软件的模型结构和参数不统一,造成了大量异构数据源的存在,仿真软件间的数据交互困难。为解决该问题,提出了基于改进遗传算法(IGA)的模型参数转换方法。通过分析数据交互仿真软件的模型结构及参数设计的差异性,实现了电力系统仿真软件间的模型参数转换。在将IEEE 39节点算例的BPA仿真数据导入PSASP软件的过程中,基于改进遗传算法对PSASP中的动态模型进行了参数转换。并利用转换结果进行仿真计算,其结果与BPA软件的仿真结果基本一致。验证了该方法对电力系统仿真软件动态模型参数转换的有效性,并提高了电力系统仿真软件间数据交互的准确度。     

面向电网运行方式计算分析的BPA数据分布式管理平台

BPA由于其天然分布特征和其数据以文件形式存储,无法支持分布式的应用场景;另外,原先的数据卡填写操作繁琐,容易出错。针对上述问题研发了BPA数据分布式管理平台,平台采用客户端-服务器(client/server,C/S)和浏览器-服务器(browser/server,B/S)混合结构及Java2 Enterprise Edition(J2EE)技术,应用内存数据库作为功能支撑,商务数据库作为B/S数据支撑,实现通过网络方式进行数据传送和处理;由此搭建了一个以BPA数据管理操作和生成计算文件作为核心的公共数据工作平台。平台可以根据电网实际情况自动进行电网模型拼接,方便网、省、地调数据的各自管理和维护;采用关联策略为平台的BPA数据操作提供了便捷的模型参数编缉操作,避免了操作人员对关联模型的遗漏而造成计算文件中模型不完整而使得计算不成功;为电网运行计算分析人员提供了辅助平台。     

Bisphenol a Interferes with Uterine Artery Features and Impairs Rat Feto-Placental Growth

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread environmental contaminant, found in human fluids and tissues. Maternal BPA exposure is associated with alterations in pregnancy outcomes. Because maternal uterine circulation plays a crucial role in normal placenta and fetal growth, we hypothesized that BPA compromises the function of uterine arteries (UAs) and fetoplacental development. Female rats were orally administered with BPA (2.5, 25 and 250 µg/kg/day) or with its vehicle (ethanol) for 30 days before pregnancy and during the first 20 days of pregnancy. To compare the effect of BPA in the reproductive vs. systemic circulation, it was tested on UAs and mesenteric arteries (MAs). Arteries were isolated and examined by pressure myography. Moreover, fetuses and placentas were weighed to provide an index of reproductive performance. In UAs of BPA-treated rats, lumen diameter, acetylcholine-relaxation and expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3), estrogen receptor α (ERα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ɣ (PPARɣ) were reduced. Conversely, no changes were observed in MAs. BPA treatment also reduced placental weights, while fetal weights were increased. For the first time, our results indicate that UAs represent a specific target of BPA during pregnancy and provide insight into the molecular mechanisms that underlie its negative effects on pregnancy outcomes.