Sizing of multi-stage Op Amps by combining design equations with the gm/ID method

Analog integrated circuit design has as integral parts both analytical reasoning and numerical validation in the process from topology construction to sizing. Given a circuit topology, different circuit sizing results can be obtained from different processes of sizing inference. Sizing methods by simulation-based numerical searching have been a continuously studied subject. However, almost all approaches in this category require an overwhelming number of circuit simulations to arrive at an optimized sizing result. On the other hand, many published manual sizing methods by using the conventional device equations also require repeated SPICE simulations to correct the equation-based sizing results. This paper proposes a systematic gm/ID-based initial sizing method specifically customized for designing multiple-stage operational amplifiers (Op Amps). A main feature of the proposal is to use circuit-level design equations as constraints on the gm/ID table lookup method to substantially reduce the uncertainty in the sizing calculations. As a result, a significant amount of SPICE based correction work can be reduced to complete an initial sizing. The proposed sizing procedure includes a few regular sizing rules customized to the configuration of multi-stage Op Amps. We validate the proposed sizing method by application to several multi-stage Op Amp examples with a capacitive load or Miller compensation. Simulations have justified that the produced initial sizing results can achieve most of the prespecified design targets.     

Analyzing dissipation effects on the non-classicality witnessing by a qubit via the entangled state representation

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we study detection of the state non-classicality for a quantum harmonic oscillator by a qubit in the presence of dissipation effects. We show that dissipation can enhance the effectiveness of the method in case of using the corrected form of the related nonclassicality witness. Such an improvement is attributed to the fact that dissipation leads to probing a surface, instead of a curve, of the complex plane for non-classicality condition on normally-ordered characteristic function.     

低活化马氏体钢热变形行为及机理型本构建模研究

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机研究了低活化马氏体钢在变形温度为850～950 ℃、应变速率为0.001～1 s^-1条件下的热变形行为。建立了流变应力本构方程，并评估了该方程的预测能力。绘制了低活化马氏体钢在不同应变下的热加工图。结果表明：在较高的应变速率条件下，该材料主要发生动态回复，在较高变形温度和较低应变速率下具有明显的动态再结晶特征；本构方程的预测结果与实验结果符合良好；变形温度870～930 ℃、应变速率0.001～0.01 s^-1和变形温度920～950 ℃、应变速率0.3～1 s^-1分别是真应变为0.4和0.6下最优的热加工区域。     

A values–beliefs–attitude model of local food consumption: An empirical study in China and Denmark

Consumers’ and policy makers’ interest in local foods is growing. Accordingly, researchers are also increasingly paying attention to the consumption of local foods. Studies have identified preference for local foods as an emergent consumer ideology called “locavorism”, but they have not yet addressed its antecedents or put it into a theoretical context. In addition, extant research provides several insights into local food buying behaviour in developed economies (e.g., USA, UK, Germany, or Italy); however, studies simultaneously conducted in developed and emerging economies are lacking. To address these research gaps, this study develops a conceptual framework with proposed relationships among values, beliefs (locavorism and fresh start mindset), and attitudes towards and intentions to purchase local foods in China and Denmark. We conducted an online survey in China and Denmark that evaluated our constructs with pre-developed multiple-item measures. Using structural equation modelling to test the integrated model, we find that values and long-term orientation are antecedents of consumer beliefs but the influences of values on consumer beliefs differ between collectivistic-dominated China and individualistic-dominated Denmark. Specifically, collectivistic values are significantly and positively related to locavorism in both countries, while individualistic values are strongly linked to locavorism only in Denmark; collectivistic values have no effects on fresh start mindset for the two samples, but individualistic values are significantly and positively related to a fresh start mindset in Denmark. In addition, consumer beliefs are significantly and positively associated with attitudes towards and intentions to buy local foods. Local food marketers can use our findings to target their communications more effectively.     

Linking entrepreneurial orientation to project success

Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is a strategic posture of an organization, and it is related to basic policies and practices for the development of entrepreneurial actions looking for creating competitive advantages. This study develops and tests a model of the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and project success in Brazilian context. As quantitative research, a survey was used to collect data. A sample of 100 valid answers from project practitioners was treated through the structural equation modeling method. As research implications, the main result points out the positive correlation between the entrepreneurial orientation and the project success, contributing to the development of this research subject and helping to minimize the gap in the literature that addresses the relationship between project success and EO. In practical terms, understanding that innovativeness, risk taking, proactiveness, autonomy and competitive aggressiveness (the dimensions of the EO) can contribute to project success and can also indirectly impact on organizational performance, could help organizations get competitive advantage when developing correlate factors. Finally, the results suggest that practices of project management can be aligned to the firm's entrepreneurial orientation to enable firms to attain better results in their projects and generate a competitive advantage. On other hand, given the proportion of the impact of EO on project success (20.3%) identified in this study, it is critical that project management professionals expand their horizon to recognize other factors that affect project success.     

蜀南地区富有机质页岩孔隙结构及超临界甲烷吸附能力

以蜀南地区龙马溪组下部富有机质页岩为研究对象，通过场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）、低压氩气吸附实验和重力法高压甲烷吸附实验，研究页岩孔隙结构特征及超临界状态下页岩储层的甲烷吸附能力，并讨论了页岩孔隙结构对甲烷吸附能力的影响。研究表明，蜀南地区龙马溪组富有机质页岩主要发育有机质孔隙，页岩孔隙结构非均质性强，比表面积为16.846~63.738 m²/g，孔体积为0.050~0.092 cm³/g，微孔和介孔贡献页岩90%以上的比表面积，介孔和宏孔贡献页岩90%以上的孔体积。甲烷在地层条件下处于超临界状态，过剩吸附曲线在约12 MPa时出现极大值，随后开始下降。使用修正过的四元Langmuir-Freundlich （L-F）方程拟合高温甲烷过剩吸附曲线，拟合效果较好，相关系数大于0.997。页岩饱和吸附量为0.067 0~0.220 2 mmol/g，不同页岩样品吸附能力差异明显。海相富有机质页岩中，随着有机质含量的增大，有机质孔隙数量增多，且页岩中微孔比例增大，微孔的吸附能力远大于介孔和宏孔，故页岩吸附能力增强。有机质含量是影响蜀南地区海相富有机质页岩孔隙结构和甲烷吸附能力的主要因素。     

The control of paracetamol particle size and surface morphology through crystallisation in a spray dryer

The parameters governing the crystallisation of paracetamol using various conventional techniques has been extensively studied, however the factors influencing the drug crystallisation using spray drying is not as well understood. The aim of this work was to investigate the crystallisation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient through evaporative crystallisation using a spray dryer to study the physicochemical properties of the drug and to use semi-empirical equations to gain insight into the morphology and particle size of the dried powder. Paracetamol solutions were spray dried at various inlet temperatures ranging from 60 °C to 120 °C and also from a series of inlet feed solvent compositions ranging from 50/50% v/v ethanol/water to 100% ethanol and solid-state characterisation was done. The size and morphology of the dried materials were altered with a change in spray drying parameters, with an increase in inlet temperature leading to an increase in particle Sauter mean diameter (from 3.0 to 4.4 µm) and a decrease in the particle size with an increase in ethanol concentration in the feed (from 4.6 to 4.4 µm) as a result of changes in particle density and atomised droplet size. The morphology of the dried particles consisted of agglomerates of individual crystallites bound together into larger semi-spherical agglomerates with a higher tendency for particles having crystalline ridges to form at higher ethanol concentrations of the feed.     

30CrNi3MoV钢的热变形行为及热加工图

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对30CrNi3MoV钢进行单向热压缩试验,研究了其在变形温度950~1150 ℃、应变速率0.01~10 s^-1的热变形行为,构建了应变补偿型流变应力本构方程,并绘制出该钢的热加工图。结果表明,30CrNi3MoV钢真应力-真应变曲线有3种不同特征:高温小应变速率时,表现为典型的动态再结晶过程;低温小应变速率时,曲线为动态回复特征;应变速率较大时,应力随应变的增大而增大,无明显的峰值应力。采用5次多项式拟合构建的应变耦合流变应力本构方程具有高的精确度,采用该方程获得的预测值与试验值的平均相对误差为3.2%,相关性系数R值为0.993。从热加工图中得到试验钢最佳的热加工工艺参数范围是:变形温度为1020~1150 ℃、应变速率为0.03~0.35 s^-1。     

属性偏移辅助实现炮检距域共成像点道集计算

波动方程偏移的成像精度高于Kirchhoff类偏移，且对速度误差更敏感，故舍弃Kirchhoff深度偏移，针对波动方程炮检距域共成像点道集直接进行速度迭代，更具现实意义。为此提出一种基于属性偏移的计算策略，可实现高效的波动方程类偏移的炮检距域共成像点道集计算。通过对地表炮检距调制后的数据再偏移，将该偏移结果与原始数据偏移结果的比值作为各成像点的地表炮检距值；依此将偏移结果重排入所属炮检距段；逐炮依次计算并叠加，最终获得地表炮检距道集。上述两次偏移可纳入成像循环中同时计算，因此只增加了一次检波点波场的传播，计算量仅增加约30%。通过2D、3D模型及实际数据对比，验证了该计算方法的有效性。     

南海西部北部湾区域地层原油黏度预测方法

目前海上油田受多方面因素制约,地层流体取样少或无取样,而南海西部北部湾区域油藏流体性质变化较大,导致地层原油黏度难以准确预测。针对上述问题,通过收集北部湾区域已开发油藏地面及地层流体性质资料,分析影响原油黏度的主控因素,从主到次依次为含硫量、胶质含量、沥青质含量、含蜡量,其中胶质含量、沥青质含量和含硫量组合因素对原油性质影响显著,原油黏度对温度敏感,原油脱气前,压力对其影响小;运用数理统计学原理,建立了地面原油参数团、原油密度、地面脱气原油黏度与地层原油黏度间的3种评价方法,经乌石油田群15个样本点检验,平均绝对误差在0.5 mPa·s左右。该预测方法可为流体评价和油藏开发提供较为科学可靠的地层原油黏度资料。