Secure image encryption scheme using 4D-Hyperchaotic systems based reconfigurable pseudo-random number generator and S-Box

This paper introduces the design of a hardware efficient reconfigurable pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) using two different feedback controllers based four-dimensional (4D) hyperchaotic systems i.e. Hyperchaotic-1 and -2 to provide confidentiality for digital images. The parameter's value of these two hyperchaotic systems is set to be a specific value to get the benefits i.e. all the multiplications (except a few multiplications) are performed using hardwired shifting operations rather than the binary multiplications, which doesn't utilize any hardware resource. The ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of these two systems have been exploited to build a generic architecture that fits in a single architecture. The proposed architecture provides an opportunity to switch between two different 4D hyperchaotic systems depending on the required behavior. To ensure the security strength, that can be also used in the encryption process in which encrypt the input data up to two times successively, each time using a different PRNG configuration. The proposed reconfigurable PRNG has been designed using Verilog HDL, synthesized on the Xilinx tool using the Virtex-5 (XC5VLX50T) and Zynq (XC7Z045) FPGA, its analysis has been done using Matlab tool. It has been found that the proposed architecture of PRNG has the best hardware performance and good statistical properties as it passes all fifteen NIST statistical benchmark tests while it can operate at 79.101-MHz or 1898.424-Mbps and utilize only 0.036 %, 0.23 %, and 1.77 % from the Zynq (XC7Z045) FPGA's slice registers, slice LUTs, and DSP blocks respectively. Utilizing these PRNGs, we design two 16 × 16 substitution boxes (S-boxes). The proposed S-boxes fulfill the following criteria: Bijective, Balanced, Non-linearity, Dynamic Distance, Strict Avalanche Criterion (SAC) and BIC non-linearity criterion. To demonstrate these PRNGs and S-boxes, a new three different scheme of image encryption algorithms have been developed: a) Encryption using S-box-1, b) Encryption using S-box-2 and, c) Two times encryption using S-box-1 and S-box-2. To demonstrate that the proposed cryptosystem is highly secure, we perform the security analysis (in terms of the correlation coefficient, key space, NPCR, UACI, information entropy and image encryption quantitatively in terms of (MSE, PSNR and SSIM)).     

Discrete‐time sector based hands‐off control for nonlinear system

This article presents a hands‐off control design for discrete‐time nonlinear system with a special type of nonlinear sector termed as “discrete‐time sector.” The design method to define the boundary of a discrete‐time sector is done with control‐Lyapunov function. The generalization of nonlinear system is viewed in the perspective of a comparison function. By means of a proposed sector, a switching control is designed such that no control action is experienced inside the sector thus, saving unnecessary control efforts. However, to study the robustness for discrete‐time system, a hands‐off control is modified to ensure the monotonic decrease in the energy of the system. Finally, the proposed approach is verified with the simulation results.     

Systematic convergence of nonlinear stochastic estimators on the Special Orthogonal Group SO(3)

This paper introduces two novel nonlinear stochastic attitude estimators developed on the Special Orthogonal Group with the tracking error of the normalized Euclidean distance meeting predefined transient and steady‐state characteristics. The tracking error is confined to initially start within a predetermined large set such that the transient performance is guaranteed to obey dynamically reducing boundaries and decrease smoothly and asymptotically to the origin in probability from almost any initial condition. The proposed estimators produce accurate attitude estimates with remarkable convergence properties using measurements obtained from low‐cost inertial measurement units. The estimators proposed in continuous form are complemented by their discrete versions for the implementation purposes. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed estimators against uncertain measurements and large initialization error, whether in continuous or discrete form.     

Distribution-free composite Shewhart-GWMA Mann-Whitney charts for monitoring the process location

The Mann-Whitney (MW) statistic is one of the most recommended two-sample statistical tests when the assumption of normality fails to hold due to its robustness and fascinating properties especially when small sample sizes are involved. In order to improve the sensitivity of the generally weighted moving average (GWMA) monitoring scheme toward the detection of large shifts, in this paper, a new distribution-free phase II composite Shewhart-GWMA (CSG) scheme is proposed using the MW U statistic. The performance of the proposed scheme is investigated using the average run-length (ARL) and average extra quadratic loss (AEQL) values through extensive simulations. The performance of this newly proposed monitoring scheme is found to be superior when compared to numerous memory-type MW schemes (some existing and others introduced in this paper) in many situations. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the implementation of the CSG MW U scheme using real-life data.     

Asymptotic stability of general linear methods for systems of linear neutral delay differential-algebraic equations

This paper is concerned with numerical stability of general linear methods (GLMs) for a system of linear neutral delay differential-algebraic equations. A sufficient and necessary condition for asymptotic stability of GLMs solving such system is derived. Based on this main result, we further investigate the asymptotic stability of linear multistep methods, Runge–Kutta methods, and block θ-methods, respectively. Numerical experiments confirm our theoretical result.     

交通流的有序运动与混沌运动相互转化现象的仿真研究

用Matlab软件编制皮埃莱(Bieriey)模型来产生仿真交通流。在一定的参数组合下,仿真研究了交通流车队中前后车辆之间的车头间距的变化过程。分析了这种车头间距变化过程的曲线。给出该曲线的二维(间距差与速度差)和三维(间距差、速度差、时间)相图。从相图上可以明显地看出存在奇怪吸引子,这说明基于跟驰模型产生的交通流存在着混沌现象。从相图还可以清楚地看出交通流混沌运动与有序运动之间的转化过程。联系交通流的实际情况,对仿真结果做了分析。     

水力压裂中多孔岩体的等效弹性常数应用

水力压裂调研结果认为，地下岩体中所含随机分布孔隙能够影响水力压裂的造缝过程。将多孔岩石的孔隙简化成规则排列的球形孔洞，采用渐近均匀化方法建立了等效弹性常数随孔隙比变化的关系；与基于Budiallsky自治理论得到的有效弹性常数进行比较，两曲线能较好地吻合；为水力压裂法准确地预测出水力压裂的造缝结果提供了可行方案。     

混沌理论对建筑与城市设计领域的启示

混沌理论给人类思维方式带来了深刻的变革。本文简要介绍了混沌理论的五个要点及其适用对象,针对每个要点探讨了对建筑与城市设计领域的启示,指出复杂性是城市的本质属性,要实现城市与建筑的可持续发展应该将它们视为有生命的存在。     

一类时滞四种群捕食被捕食系统的全局稳定性

对四种群的捕食-被捕食模型,利用解的存在性定理、正性定理、上下解方法和相应的单调迭代序列,研究了一类具有时滞的非线性反应扩散系统的牛曼初边值问题,得到了解的存在性和平衡态方程正解的全局渐近稳定性的充分条件.这个结果隐含着捕食-被捕食系统的共存是持久的,平凡解和所有半平凡解是不稳定的.     

基于KBM法的气垫式调压室涌波显式解析解研究

调压室涌波计算是水电站引水系统设计和优化的重要内容。为解决现有调压室涌波隐式计算公式应用困难、显示计算公式通用性差等问题,本文通过建立统一的气垫式调压室室内气体体积与水位关系,考虑过渡过程流量变化状态和系统阻力、阻抗作用特点,推导出对各种体型均适用的气垫式调压室水位涌波方程,分别以稳定终了、初始稳定时刻为基准,采用KBM渐近法求得其水位涌波及相关极值的显示解析计算公式,并分析了不同基准的公式误差。这些公式求解方便,其中以稳定终了为基准的公式计算误差可控制在1%以内,且对各种体型的气垫式调压室及开敞式调压室均适用。