Deconvoluting Energy Transport Mechanisms in Metal Halide Perovskites Using CsPbBr3 Nanowires as a Model System

Understanding energy transport in metal halide perovskites is essential to effectively guide further optimization of materials and device designs. However, difficulties to disentangle charge carrier diffusion, photon recycling, and photon transport have led to contradicting reports and uncertainty regarding which mechanism dominates. In this study, monocrystalline CsPbBr₃ nanowires serve as 1D model systems to help unravel the respective contribution of energy transport processes in metal-halide perovskites. Spatially, temporally, and spectrally resolved photoluminescence (PL) microscopy reveals characteristic signatures of each transport mechanism from which a robust model describing the PL signal accounting for carrier diffusion, photon propagation, and photon recycling is developed. For the investigated CsPbBr₃ nanowires, an ambipolar carrier mobility of μ = 35 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ is determined, and is found that charge carrier diffusion dominates the energy transport process over photon recycling. Moreover, the general applicability of the developed model is demonstrated on different perovskite compounds by applying it to data provided in previous related reports, from which clarity is gained as to why conflicting reports exist. These findings, therefore, serve as a useful tool to assist future studies aimed at characterizing energy transport mechanisms in semiconductor nanowires using PL.     

成型温度对PBX装药内部质量及性能的影响

针对压制成型的PBX炸药装药，选择CT无损检测、巴西实验和扫描电镜检测等技术，对比研究了室温和加热两种温度下压制成型的炸药装药内部质量、静态力学性能和细观破坏形式。结果表明，加热压制有利于改善炸药装药的内部质量，可避免产生初始损伤，且提高了装药的力学性能。细观尺度上，室温压制成型的装药主要发生界面脱黏破坏，加热压制成型装药的主要破坏形式是穿晶断裂。     

Direct high-purity hydrogen production from ammonia by using a membrane reactor combining V-10mol%Fe hydrogen permeable alloy membrane with Ru/Cs2O/Pr6O11 ammonia decomposition catalyst

The hydrogen production capabilities of the membrane reactor combining V-10 mol%Fe hydrogen permeable alloy membrane with Ru/Cs₂O/Pr₆O₁₁ ammonia decomposition catalyst are studied. The ammonia conversion is improved by 1.7 times compared to the Ru/Cs₂O/Pr₆O₁₁ catalyst alone by removing the produced hydrogen through the V-10mol%Fe alloy membrane during the ammonia decomposition. 79% of the hydrogen atoms contained in the ammonia gas are extracted directly as high-purity hydrogen gas. Both the Ru/Cs₂O/Pr₆O₁₁ catalyst and the V-10 mol% Fe alloy membrane are highly durable, and the initial performance of the hydrogen separation rate lasts for more than 3000 h. The produced hydrogen gas conforms to ISO 14687–2:2019 Grade D for fuel cell vehicles because the ammonia and nitrogen concentrations are less than 0.1 ppm and 100 ppm, respectively.     

纳米药物非临床药代动力学的研究策略及关注要点

随着纳米技术的迅速发展，纳米药物的研发已成为目前药物创新的发展方向之一。纳米药物具有基于纳米结构的尺度效应，其药代动力学特征与普通药物相比存在明显差异，其药代动力学研究与普通药物相比也有其特殊性。本文着重探讨纳米药物的非临床药代动力学的研究策略及关注要点，包括受试物、体内/外试验、生物样本分析、数据评价分析等，期望为研发者提供参考。     

Research and development of liquid hydrogen (LH2) temperature monitoring system for marine applications

Monitoring the temperature in liquid hydrogen (LH₂) storage tanks on ships is important for the safety of maritime navigation. In addition, accurate temperature measurement is also required for commercial transactions. Temperature and pressure define the density of liquid hydrogen, which is directly linked to trading interests. In this study, we developed and tested a liquid hydrogen temperature monitoring system that uses platinum resistance sensors with a nominal electrical resistance of approximately 1000 Ω at room temperature, PT-1000, for marine applications. The temperature measurements were carried out using a newly developed temperature monitoring system under different pressure conditions. The measured values are compared with a calibrated reference PT-1000 resistance thermometer. We confirm a measurement accuracy of ±50 mK in a pressure range of 0.1 MPa–0.5 MPa.     

Plasmonic semiconductor: A tunable non-metal photocatalyst

Doped semiconductor, a newly discovered plasmonic nanomaterial, has attracted tremendous interest due to its tunable properties. In the field of photocatalysis, the perfect combination of metal-like and semiconductor properties makes it the replacement and supplement of metal plasmonic nanomaterials. This new plasmonic photocatalysis offers high conversion efficiencies and wide optical absorption range with low fabrication costs. This article reviews the recent developments and achievements by which the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in non-metal plasmonic nanomaterial for photocatalytic applications, including pure non-metal plasmonic photocatalysts and various enhancement strategies such as doping, co-catalyst, heterojunction, LSPR coupling and upconversion luminescence enhancement. It broadens the horizons for plasmonics in the study of photocatalysis and even in energy-related applications.     

加氢精制催化剂载体脱钠工艺研究

采用多级离子交换法对加氢精制催化剂载体进行脱钠处理，考察了铵盐种类、浸泡时间、交换温度和铵盐浓度对脱钠效果的影响。以浸泡时间、交换温度和铵盐浓度3个主要影响因素做Box-Behnken实验设计，钠含量为响应函数，建立相应数学模型。实验结果表明，脱钠效果较优的铵盐为乙酸铵。最佳工艺条件：浸泡时间为60 min、交换温度为60 ℃、铵盐质量分数为5.5%。Box-Behnken实验设计法用于加氢精制催化剂载体脱钠工艺优化是可行的，数学模型的预测值与实验观察值相符。     

氧化壳聚糖改性抗菌蚕丝织物的制备及其性能

为获得持久抗菌的功能丝绸材料,采用硝酸、磷酸、亚硝酸钠体系将原料壳聚糖的C6位伯羟基选择性氧化为羧基制得水溶性氧化壳聚糖(OCS),使OCS的羧基与脱胶蚕丝织物(SFF)的氨基反应,得到氧化壳聚糖改性蚕丝织物(OCSMSF)。借助核磁共振仪、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪等手段表征了OCS与OCSMSF的化学结构,测试了OCSMSF的力学、吸湿、抗菌等性能。结果表明:酰胺反应已将氧化壳聚糖分子化学键合在SFF中,OCS改性蚕丝纤维的结晶度降低;在优化反应参数条件下,OCS接枝蚕丝织物的质量增加率达到9.17%,OCSMSF的强力略有减小,而吸湿性提高42.92%,OCSMSF对测试细菌的抑菌率大于94%,且抗菌耐洗涤性好,同时OCSMSF对仙人掌黄酮提取物有良好的缓释效果。     

化学敏化剂及促进剂喷洒添加工艺

为提升采用钢带凉药工艺的乳化炸药生产线的敏化效果，在钢带上方安置了液体喷洒装置，改化学敏化剂和促进剂滴入添加工艺为喷洒添加工艺。研究表明：该工艺分别通过并联2~4个外切式二流体喷嘴，在0.01~0.05 MPa低压空气剪切下，可将含有化学敏化剂、促进剂的溶液均匀喷洒至乳化基质上，能够较快、均匀分散，提升了敏化效果，减轻了乳化基质的破坏程度，改善了产品的综合性能。      

磷脂酶固定化载体材料的研究进展

游离磷脂酶价格昂贵且稳定性差限制了其应用,固定化技术使酶稳定性增强,可以反复使用,降低了成本,极大地拓宽了酶的应用范围。性能优良的固定化酶应具备成本低、稳定性高和催化活性高等特性。载体材料不仅是固定化酶的重要组成部分,还是影响固定化酶性能的因素之一。对磷脂酶固定化载体材料主要从无机材料、有机材料、复合材料以及无载体4个方面进行综述,并对磷脂酶固定化载体材料发展方向予以展望,为固定化磷脂酶研究在载体材料上的选择提供了参考依据。