Directional separation of hydrogen-containing gas mixture by hydrate-membrane coupling method

Recovery of hydrogen (H₂) from H₂-containing gas mixtures has great significance for energy conservation, cost reduction and benefit increase. However, the common separation methods have the ubiquitous problem due to phase equilibrium principle and results in the conflict between H₂ concentration and H₂ recovery rate in the product gas. Consequently, an innovative conception of hydrate-membrane coupling approach is proposed in this work. In the separation process, hydration and membrane permeation two separation driving forces coexist to achieve the aim of strengthening mass transfer kinetics. H₂ and non-H₂ components (hydrocarbons) are synchronously and directionally selected by membrane and hydrate to improve different phase compositions. Therefore, the gas in feed side could keep relatively high two separation driving forces (H₂ fugacity and hydrocarbons fugacity). The results show that the coupling method could synchronously increase both the concentration and the recovery rate of H₂ in the product gas. At the same time, the volume and concentration of the hydrocarbons in hydrate both increases effectively. It indicates that hydrate and membrane separation methods support each other in the separation process. The hydrate-membrane coupling method fundamentally solves the issue of the decreasing driving force resulting from single separation method and phase equilibrium relationship.     

Detection of fresh palm oil adulteration with recycled cooking oil using fatty acid composition and FTIR spectral analysis

There is a growing concern over the food safety issue related to increased incidence of cooking oil adulteration with recycled cooking oil (RCO). The objective of this study was to detect fresh palm olein (FPO) adulteration with RCO using fatty acid composition (FAC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectral analyses combined with chemometrics. RCO prepared in the laboratory was mixed with FPO in the proportion ranged from 1% to 50% (v/v) to obtain the adulterated oil samples (AO). FACs for FPO, RCO, and AO were determined using gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The compositions of most fatty acids in RCO lied within the normal ranges of Codex standard, except for C8:0, C10:0, C11:0, C15:0, trans C18:1, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), C20:5. PUFAs showed a consistent decreasing trend with increasing magnitude of change with respect to increasing adulteration level and thus might be a good indicator for detecting FPO adulteration with RCO. The evaluation parameters (coefficient of determination, root mean standard error) of the FTIR-partial least square (PLS) model of palm oil adulteration with recycled oil are R² = 0.995 and 3.25, respectively. For FTIR spectral analysis, the distinct variations in spectral regions and aberrations in characteristic bands between FPO and RCO were observed. The optimized PLS calibration model developed from normal spectral of the combined region at 3602–3398, 3016–2642, and 1845–650 cm^?1 overpredict the adulteration level. On the other hand, the discriminant analysis classification model was able to classify the FPO and AO into two distinct groups. Improvement of the principles of combined techniques in authenticating AO from fresh oil is beneficial as a guideline to detect adulteration in cooking oil.     

益生菌发酵对红枣汁抗氧化活性、营养品质及香气的影响

选取6种商业益生菌分别对红枣汁进行发酵，研究其对红枣汁的抗氧化活性、理化指标及香气的影响。结果表明，益生菌发酵可显著提高红枣汁的抗氧化能力，果321复合菌发酵枣汁的DPPH自由基清除能力最强，为573.83 mg/L，而植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）发酵枣汁的ABTS自由基清除能力最强，为1 034.00 mg/L，瑞士乳杆菌（Lactobacillus helveticus）发酵枣汁的铁离子还原力（FRAP）值最高，为1 366.34 mg/L。瑞士乳杆菌的产酸性能较好，发酵后产乳酸量约0.45 mg/L，总多酚和总黄酮含量分别较红枣汁提高了2.94%和2.85%。电子鼻分析结果表明，益生菌发酵可显著改变红枣汁的香气成分，且线性判别分析（LDA）对红枣汁香气物质的区分和识别效果优于主成分分析（PCA），发酵红枣汁的特征风味主要来源于硫化物、萜烯类、广谱甲基类、氮氧化物、乙醇和芳香型化合物。     

Optimised phase compositions and improved microwave dielectric properties based on calcium tin silicates

The Ca_(1+2y)Sn_(1-x)Si_(1+y)O_(5-2x+4y) low-permittivity microwave dielectric ceramics were prepared through solid-state reaction at 1350–1450 °C for 5 h. The relations between microwave dielectric properties and phase compositions for non-stoichiometric Ca_(1+2y)Sn_(1-x)Si_(1+y)O_(5-2x+4y) ceramics have been investigated. A single CaSnSiO₅ phase with abnormally positive temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ_f = + 62.5 ppm/°C) was synthesised at 1450 °C. This composition was an effective τ_f compensator of CaSiO₃ and Ca₃SnSi₂O₉ phases with typically negative τ_f value. The CaSiO₃ second phase was related to the Sn deficiency in the CaSn_(1-x)SiO_(5-2x) (0 < x < 1.0) composition, whereas the Ca₃SnSi₂O₉ second phase was obtained by controlling the Ca:Sn:Si ratios on the basis of the Ca_(1+2y)SnSi_(1+y)O_(5+4y) (0 < y < 1.0) composition. A promising low-permittivity millimetre-wave ceramic with most excellent microwave dielectric properties (ε_r = 10.2, Q×f = 81,000 GHz and τ_f = −4.8 ppm/°C) was produced from the Ca_(1+2y)SnSi_(1+y)O_(5+4y) (y = 0.4) ceramic.     

高炉灰中未燃煤粉含量检测方法研究

为提高高炉灰中未燃煤粉含量的检测效率及准确性,提出了一种矿相分析和化学成分分析相结合的新型检测方法。该方法利用研磨样代替镶嵌样,并用高炉灰化学成分分析对矿相分析进行验证。结果表明:铁与未燃煤粉含量的检测结果标准差分别为1.01%和0.62%,小于统计学的规定要求,说明该新型检测方法准确性良好。     

甲醇制烯烃催化剂积炭的形成机理

采用二氯甲烷超声波萃取,提取甲醇制烯烃(MTO)待生催化剂和不完全再生催化剂外表面可溶性积炭,采用氢氟酸溶解及碳酸钠溶液中和后再用二氯甲烷超声波萃取,提取待生催化剂和不完全再生催化剂孔道内可溶性积炭,结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析了其组成,并对MTO催化剂积炭形成的机理和再生烧炭的机理进行了分析探讨。结果表明:MTO待生催化剂外表面可溶性积炭主要是饱和烃和芳烃,其中饱和烃以C23~C31的正构烷烃为主,芳烃以一环和二环芳烃为主;孔道内可溶性积炭均为芳烃,以三环和四环芳烃为主,从质谱峰强度计算约占总量的80%,菲和芘约占总量的50%。MTO不完全再生催化剂外表面可溶性积炭主要是沸点较高的C23~C31正构烷烃;孔道内可溶性积炭主要是几个高含量组分如芘和菲等的残留。在催化剂外表面的饱和烃可能是由小分子烯烃类化合物经过一系列聚合而成,而催化剂外表面的一环和二环芳烃应该是从分子筛孔道内形成并溢出,在分子筛孔道口吸附。分子筛催化剂孔道内的多环芳烃,是由小分子烃类化合物经过一系列低聚、氢转移、环化和脱氢等反应生成。     

铝镁合金焊丝的研究现状

随着交通运输工具的轻量化和高速化,铝合金得到广泛应用,同时,对铝合金的焊接技术与焊接材料提出了更高的要求.铝镁合金具有良好的塑性断裂韧度、疲劳强度和耐蚀性,同时还具有良好的成形工艺性和焊接性,因此成为铝合金的主要焊接材料.重点介绍铝镁合金焊丝的成分、性能与生产工艺的研究现状,提出其存在的问题及发展趋势.     

含铅固废协同冶炼过程PbO-CaO-SiO2-Fe2O3-ZnO五元渣系相平衡研究

在1 000~1 250 ℃范围内,采用高温平衡-淬冷-EDS方法研究了含铅固废协同冶炼过程PbO-CaO-SiO₂-Fe₂O₃-ZnO五元渣系在空气气氛下的相平衡规律。研究结果表明,渣中存在的主要物相有尖晶石(Zn_xFe_3-yO_4+z)、红锌矿(ZnO)、黄长石(Pb_vCa_2-vZn_wSi₂O₇)、赤铁矿(Fe₂O₃)、磁铁铅矿(PbFe₁₀O₁₆)和硅钙石(Ca_2-tPb_tSiO₄)。在1 250 ℃、1 200 ℃、1 170 ℃、1 130 ℃和1 100 ℃下,PbO-CaO-SiO₂-Fe₂O₃-ZnO体系的液相点分布测试结果与MTDATA6.0软件模拟液相线基本吻合。在1 000~1 250 ℃范围内,随着结晶过程的进行,PbO-CaO-SiO₂-Fe₂O₃-ZnO体系液相成分中Fe₂O₃含量从16.83%减少到7.67%,ZnO含量从7.62%减少到2.98%,(PbO+CaO+SiO₂)含量从75.55%增加到89.36%。