高氯酸铵含量对高铝富燃料推进剂中重要组分高氯酸铵/铝 一次燃烧性能和铝粉团聚的影响

采用CO2激光点火装置联合高速摄影系统及扫描电子显微镜等凝聚相燃烧产物分析技术，研究了高氯酸铵(AP)含量对高Al富燃料推进剂中重要组分AP/Al一次燃烧过程中燃烧现象、引燃时间、燃烧扩散时间、燃尽时间、燃烧效率、颗粒团聚及凝聚相燃烧产物的表面形貌、粒径及其分布的影响。结果表明，各AP/Al混合粉体的燃烧过程均可分为表面引燃、燃烧扩散和火焰熄灭3个阶段，但各样品在不同燃烧阶段的燃烧现象存在明显差异。AP含量由10wt%增至30wt%，样品燃烧剧烈程度增强，燃烧过程中固相颗粒的溅射现象越加明显；在火焰熄灭阶段，各样品燃烧由以停留在样品燃面处的燃烧为主逐渐变为以溅射颗粒的燃烧为主，且随反应进行，燃面已燃固相颗粒最先熄灭，各样品表面引燃时间、燃烧扩散时间、燃烧持续时间均缩短，即燃烧反应速率逐渐加快。在AP/Al混合物中，铝粉的燃烧效率、凝聚相燃烧产物粒度及其团聚程度随AP含量增加而增加。     

复合固体推进剂中固体填料的安息角测试与仿真

复合固体推进剂含有固体颗粒较多，离散单元法是一种适合固体推进剂生产过程数值仿真的有效方法，颗粒物料的接触参数是保证离散单元法仿真精度的关键。本文以复合固体推进剂的主要组分铝粉和高氯酸铵固体颗粒为研究对象，通过实验测试获得了相关物料的安息角，利用专业离散元软件EDEM仿真模拟了安息角测试实验过程，建立了物料安息角与接触参数之间的联系。研究表明，滚动摩擦系数和滑动摩擦系数越大，安息角越大，物料流动性越差。对比仿真与实验结果，通过逆向反推法确定了物料的滑动摩擦系数和滚动摩擦系数两个关键接触参数。铝粉与高氯酸铵1∶2混合颗粒的滑动摩擦系数为0.2，滚动摩擦系数为0.05。为固体推进剂加工生产过程离散元数值仿真提供了关键基础数据。     

基于密闭爆发器试验的发射装药内弹道性能预估

为了预估发射装药的内弹道性能,建立了一种基于密闭爆发器试验检测发射药的静态燃烧性能参数进而预测其装药内弹道性能的方法,采用不同批次的单樟-5/7发射药进行了装药性能预估计算,并基于30 mm火炮对内弹道性能预估精度进行了试验验证。结果表明,采用所建立的基于密闭爆发器试验的发射装药内弹道性能预估方法计算获得的最大膛压为376.0 MPa,与试验测试的膛压平均值388.7 MPa的计算误差为3.27%;计算的炮口初速为1143.5 m/s,与试验测试的炮口初速平均值1156.3 m/s的计算误差为1.11%。所建立的基于密闭爆发器试验的发射装药内弹道性能预估方法具有较高的精度,可对发射药样品不同批次间的内弹道性能进行高效精确的预估,为长期贮存发射药使用寿命的判定及发射药产品的出厂校验提供了一种高效低成本的弹道性能评价方法。     

Combustion properties of a low-vulnerability propellant: an experimental and theoretical study using laser ignition

Ignition and combustion characteristics of a low-vulnerability propellant based on RDX are studied experimentally. Ignition is obtained using a laser diode. Experiments are performed in a cylindrical closed-volume reactor for different initial pressures and initial propellant masses under nitrogen and argon surrounding atmospheres. Ignition delays, maximal overpressures, and propagation rates are obtained for different initial pressures and laser powers. Thermodynamic predictions of overpressures are also compared with experimental ones. Finally, ignition probabilities for different laser powers and gaseous atmospheres are investigated using a revised Langlie method.     

A new synthetic metamodel methodology for liquid‐propellant engine's cooling system optimization

The present paper strives for optimization of the cooling system of a liquid‐propellant engine (LPE). To this end, the new synthetic metamodel methodology utilizing the design of experiment method and the response surface method was developed and implemented as two effective means of designing, analyzing, and optimizing. The input variables, constraints, objective functions, and their surfaces were identified. Hence, the design and development strategy of combustion chamber and nozzle was clarified, and 64 different experiments were carried out on the RD‐161 propulsion system, of which 47 experiments were approved and compatible with the problem constraints. This engine used all three modes of cooling: the radiation cooling, the regenerative cooling, and the film cooling. The response surface curves were drawn and the related objective function equations were obtained. The analysis of variance results indicate that the developed synthetic model is capable to predict the responses adequately within the limits of input parameters. The three‐dimensional response surface curves and contour plots have been developed to find out the combined effects of input parameters on responses. In addition, the precision of the models was assessed and the output was interpreted and analyzed, which showed high accuracy. Therefore, the desirability function analysis has been applied to LPE's cooling system for multiobjective optimization to maximize the total heat transfer and minimize the cooling system pressure loss simultaneously. Finally, confirmatory tests have been conducted with the optimum parametric conditions to validate the optimization techniques. In conclusion, this methodology optimizes the LPE's cooling system, a 2% increase in the total heat transfer, and a 38% decrease in the pressure loss of the cooling system. These values are considerably large for the LPE design.     

基于概率神经网络的自行火炮发动机状态监控系统

为有效发挥自行火炮发动机效率,减少对发动机寿命的影响,建立了自行火炮发动机状态监控模型。分析了概率神经网络结构和训练算法,以某型底盘所采用的12150L型发动机为例,选取发动机状态监控有效性指标,通过多种状态数据的引入和量化,评测发动机实时工作情况。结果表明:该模型能成功对故障进行分类,分类速度快,能有效进行自行火炮发动机状态监控,进一步提高状态监控准确率和实用程度。     

双基固体推进剂率相关性研究

利用材料试验机在不同温度和应变率下对双基推进剂的力学性能进行了系统性的研究.结果表明,双基推进剂力学性能有明显的温度和应变率相关性,在低温(233.15K)下近似为脆性材料,而在常温(288.15K)和高温(323.15K)下呈现出明显的塑性流动.提出了针对双基推进剂屈服值的判断方法.双基推进剂拉伸试样的断面表征也有明显的温度和应变率相关性,系统地分析了双基推进剂拉伸断面形貌特征.对双基推进剂力学性能及其试样断面的变化规律进行分析,为以后双基推进剂的选择和装药的结构完整性分析奠定了基础.     

发射药强度模拟实验方法

为检验发射药的撞击强度,建立了一种新型的模拟实验装置,用来模拟发射药在自动武器或火炮膛内高温、高压的发射环境,计算分析了实验装置的膛压和影响发射药速度的因素,得出了具有一定价值的结论。     

串式装药两相流模型及数值求解

为改善串式装药的内弹道性能,对超高射频弹幕武器的核心技术串式装药进行研究。根据内弹道学及两相流相关基础知识,通过合理假设建立了串式装药的准两相流内弹道数学物理模型,给出计算方法,并采用MATLAB编写了计算程序,以30 mm口径武器为基础进行了数值求解,对求解结果给出了较好的三维图例,反映了发射药的燃烧规律及弹丸的运动过程。从理论上对侧药室密封和不密封进行了计算。结果表明,在最大压力保持基本不变的情况下初速由未密封时的588.4 m/s提高到密封后的626.3 m/s,初速提高了6.4%,对侧药室密封能够在一定程度上改善串式装药的内弹道性能。     

HTPE的合成及弹性体的性能

以大分子聚乙二醇为引发剂(起始剂),三氟化硼乙醚络合物为催化剂,在少量环氧丙烷助开环的条件下,四氢呋喃发生阳离子开环聚合,直接在聚乙二醇的两端接上了聚四氢呋喃醚链段,从而制备出了一种全新结构的PTHF-PEO-PTHF端羟基三嵌段共聚醚(HTPE),采用红外光谱和核磁共振1H NMR对产物进行了表征,并以合成的HTPE...