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排序方式: 共有3236条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
通过"前驱体导入-原位沉积"的工艺路线,将水合氧化铈(HCO)纳米颗粒负载入强碱阴离子交换树脂(SAE)孔道内,制得复合纳米吸附剂HCO@SAE并用于污水中磷酸盐的深度去除。试验结果表明:与其母体材料SAE、粉末活性炭(PAC)和大孔吸附树脂XAD-4相比,HCO@SAE具有最佳的磷酸盐吸附性能。溶液pH值对HCO@SAE吸附磷酸盐的性能有较大影响,且在中性条件下可获得最大的磷酸盐吸附量(30.96 mgP/g)。得益于负载HCO纳米颗粒对磷酸盐的专属内配位络合作用,HCO@SAE能够在共存高浓度竞争离子的条件下实现对磷酸盐的选择性吸附。采用NaOH-NaCl混合溶液作为脱附剂可实现对吸附饱和HCO@SAE的高效再生,再生后吸附性能保持稳定,从而实现多批次循环吸附操作。  相似文献   
2.
The effect of tacticity on the interfacial region between poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and silica in a PMMA/silica nanocomposite was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The glass transition temperature (Tg) values of the syndiotactic (st-) and atactic (at-) PMMA/silica nanocomposites are higher than those of the neat PMMA. Conversely, the Tg of the isotactic (it-) PMMA/silica nanocomposite is slightly higher than that of the neat it-PMMA. DSC and XRD results suggest that the restriction of the PMMA chain mobility in the silica nanoparticle interfacial region heightens as the syndiotactic content increases. FT-IR results show that this phenomenon is caused by the interaction between the carbonyl group of PMMA and the silanol group on the silicon dioxide surface. Therefore, it can be concluded that the syndiotactic-rich PMMA has a significantly different molecular mobility from that of the neat PMMA in the interfacial region with silica nanoparticle surface than isotactic-rich PMMA.  相似文献   
3.
Technical development in electronic devices is frequently stifled by their insufficient capacity and cyclic stability of energy-storage devices. The nano-structured materials have sensational importance for providing novel and optimized combination to overcome exiting boundaries and provide efficient energy storage systems. Metal hydroxide materials with high capacity for pseudo-capacitance properties have grabbed special attention. Lately, the blend of nickel and cobalt hydroxides has been considered as a favorable class of metallic hydroxide materials owing to their comparatively high capacitance and exceptional redox reversibility. The sulfonated carbon nanotube fluid (SCNTF) was prepared by the ion exchange method to be utilized as the exceptional templates due to astonishing specific surface area, ensuring the maximum utilization of the active material. The CoNi-layered double hydroxides (LDHs)/SCNTF core-shell nanocomposite was prepared by the simple solvothermal method. Structural analysis showed that the composite material had the high conductance of carbon materials, the pseudo-capacitance characteristics of metal hydroxides, and porous structure, which facilitates the ion shuttle when the electrolyte reacts with the active material. Electrochemical analysis results showed that CoNi-LDHs/SCNTF had excellent rate performance, reversible charge-discharge properties and cycle stability. It exhibited an extreme specific capacity of 1190.5 F g?1 at a current density of 1 A g?1; whereas specific capacity remained 953.7 F g?1 at the current density was 10 A g?1. In addition, the capacity retention rate after 5000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 20 A g?1 was 81.0%. The results indicated that the CoNi-LDHs/SCNTF core-shell nanocomposite material is cost efficient and an effective substitute in energy storage applications.  相似文献   
4.
Here we report a transparent dual-phase ZnO·2.7Al2O3 ceramic. The composite is pore-free and consists of thin nanosheets with a spinel phase and a hexagonal phase, while the two phases match closely in both lattice and refractive index. Such features result in excellent optical transmittance (maximum value >80% in the visible spectrum) at comparable phase volume. This work may provide a new thought for the rational structural design of optical nanocomposites.  相似文献   
5.
为明确大豆蛋白纳米纤维的结构形成和扩宽铁强化剂的食品工业应用,以大豆分离蛋白(soy protein isolate,SPI)为原料,通过5 h的酸热处理制备纳米纤维(soy protein isolate fibrils,Fib SPI),系统研究纤维形成前后蛋白结构的变化,并进一步制备铁纳米颗粒(iron nanoparticles,Fe NPs),探究Fib SPI对铁的稳态化作用。研究结果表明:在酸热处理过程中,SPI产生大量的β-折叠结构,其与硫磺素T结合,显示出增强的荧光强度;此外,7S组分先发生降解,利于纤维成核形成,随后11S逐渐被水解,促进纤维生长;同时水解产生大量的小肽组分,提高了产物的还原力。研究进一步利用Fib SPI递送铁纳米颗粒(Fe NPs),发现与原始SPI相比,铁纳米颗粒可在Fib SPI原位形成胶体稳定的铁-大豆蛋白纳米纤维复合物(Fe FibSPI),并以Fe(II)形式存在,其对乳液体系色泽及稳定性的影响较硫酸亚铁或氯化铁小。该研究可为构建新型植物基铁强化剂递送体系提供理论和方法指导。  相似文献   
6.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(21):29598-29606
A hybrid nanocomposite comprising nanosized ZrO2 and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-reinforced Cu matrix was synthesised via powder metallurgy. The influence of sintering temperature and GNP content on the electrical and mechanical behaviour of the Cu–ZrO2/GNP nanocomposite was investigated. The ZrO2 concentration was fixed at 10% for all the composites. Upon increasing the GNP concentration up to 0.5%, a significant improvement was observed in the compressive strength, microhardness, and electrical conductivity of the composite. Furthermore, the properties were significantly improved by increasing the sintering temperature from 900 to 1000 °C. The compressive strength, hardness, and electrical conductivity of Cu–10%ZrO2/0.5%GNP were higher than those of the Cu–ZrO2 nanocomposite by 60, 21, and 23.8%, respectively. This improvement in the mechanical properties is because of the decrease in the crystallite size and dislocation spacing, which increases the dislocation density, thereby increasing the impedance towards dislocation movement. The lower stacking fault energy of the hybrid nanocomposites enables easier electron transfer within and between the Cu grains, resulting in an improved electrical conductivity. The enhancement in strength and electrical conductivity were aided by the GNPs and ZrO2 nanoparticles that were dispersed widely in the Cu matrix.  相似文献   
7.
High density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) are blended, and compared against a similar mixture but functionalized LDPE with maleic anhydride (MAh), HDPE-LLDPE-LDPE-g-MAh. In order to obtain nanocomposites from these polymer blends, a modified bentonite was added by incorporating l -lysine into the bentonite galleries by melt extrusion. The resulting nanocomposites presented improved mechanical properties linked to strong polymer-bentonite interactions and exfoliated structures as verified by transmission electron microscopy and rheometry. A detailed analysis of the feasible polymer-bentonite interactions was conducted, of particular concern between the polar MAh groups and the intercalated l -lysine. To gain further insights into the type of molecular interactions (i.e. polymer-bentonite), a model nanocomposite was synthesized in solution to carry out further assessments through NMR, infrared spectroscopy and rheology analysis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 46920.  相似文献   
8.
This study investigates the preparation of polyetherimide (PEI) – LaNi5 composites films for hydrogen storage. Prior to the polymer addition, LaNi5 was ball-milled at different conditions (250, 350, and 450 RPM) and annealed at 500 °C for 1 h under vacuum. The composites were produced with BM-LaNi5-350 (PEI/LaNi5-350) and annealed BM-LaNi5-350 (PEI/LaNi5-350-TT). Membranes were successfully produced through solvent casting assisted by an ultrasonic bath. The particles dispersion and the film morphology did not change after hydrogenation cycles. In the H2 sorption experiments at 43 °C and 20 bar, the films stored H2 without incubation time; both samples reached a capacity of ~0.6 wt%. The H2 sorption kinetics of PEI/LaNi5-350 was comparable to that of BM-LaNi5-350, whereas PEI/LaNi5-350-TT presented significantly slower kinetics. LaNi5 oxidation was hindered by PEI, showing that it can be explored to improve metal hydrides air resistance. The results demonstrated that PEI films filled with LaNi5 are promising materials for hydrogen storage.  相似文献   
9.
目的 提高不锈钢基体的抗固体颗粒冲蚀性能.方法 在不锈钢基体表面,通过等离子体增强磁控溅射系统(PEMS),采用不同偏压工艺制备TiAlVSiCN纳米复合涂层.通过SEM、HRTEM观察涂层的微观形貌与组织,利用XRD、SAD分析涂层的物相组成与晶体结构,并通过划痕仪、纳米硬度计以及冲蚀试验机探究不同工艺涂层的结合强度、纳米硬度以及抗冲蚀性能差异.结果 采用PEMS制备出一系列不同偏压条件下的TiAlVSiCN涂层,涂层组织致密,呈柱状,主要包括纳米晶Ti(Al,V)(C,N)相和非晶相.偏压显著影响涂层的晶粒尺寸和非晶相分布,高偏压下的涂层主要由20~50 nm的Ti(Al,V)(C,N)纳米晶及其周围弥散分布的非晶相组成,而低偏压下的涂层主要由100 nm的Ti(Al,V)(C,N)纳米晶和连续分布的非晶相组成.高偏压下制备的涂层厚度超过20μm,纳米硬度可达(34.6±14.1)GPa,具有优良的结合强度(>65 N)和抗冲蚀性能,其抗冲蚀性能相比不锈钢基体提高近8倍.结论 通过与偏压参数的匹配控制,PEMS可有效调控纳米复合涂层的组织结构,实现硬度与弹性模量的良好匹配,制备出具有优良抗冲蚀性能、厚度达到20μm以上的TiAlVSiCN纳米晶-非晶复合涂层.  相似文献   
10.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(20):28260-28267
Piezoelectric materials are an indispensable part of modern life. Yet the existing environmental issues with conventional lead-based piezoelectrics has motivated scientist to develop novel substitutes including lead-free piezoelectric polymer composites. Following this path, the present research has focused on the fabrication of ternary composites of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/Potassium Sodium Niobate (KNN)/nano-Silicon carbide (SiC) via hot compression molding and studying the effect of additives on the PVDF structure and the electrical properties of the composite. The obtained scanning electron micrographs and density measurements showed that the fabrication method provided dense samples. The activated polarization phenomena in the prepared samples enhanced dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss at a constant frequency with increasing KNN and SiC contents. Besides the expected dipole polarization, the presence of interfaces in the composites gave rise to the Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars effect and its corresponding polarization phenomenon. The semiconductive nature of SiC also promoted space charge polarization. However, these properties were frequency-dependent because the first two polarization mechanisms are deactivated at high frequencies. XRD patterns showed that SiC addition can alter the primary crystalline structure of PVDF and promote β-phase formation in the poled samples. Piezoelectric measurements confirmed the significant role of SiC addition to PVDF-KNN composites. The most significant increase in the piezoelectric properties was observed in PVDF-60KNN-1SiC, with a 183% increase in d33 value. The PVDF-80KNN-1SiC had the highest d33 value of 30.5 pC/N. It also had the best piezoelectric voltage coefficient and hence the highest figure of merit. Higher SiC contents restrict the efficiency of poling by forming a conductive path across the sample which would deteriorate the piezoelectric performance of the material. The present findings show that PVDF-KNN-SiC composites can be considered as a potential flexible piezoelectric material for future applications.  相似文献   
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