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Julia Oto Raquel Herranz Emma Plana Jos Vicente Snchez-Gonzlez Javier Prez-Ardavín David Hervs lvaro Fernndez-Pardo Fernando Cana Csar David Vera-Donoso Manuel Martínez-Sarmiento Pilar Medina 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(15)
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the third most frequent urinary malignancy and one of the most lethal. Current diagnostic and follow-up techniques are harmful and unspecific in low-grade tumors. Novel minimally invasive markers such as urine microRNAs (miRNAs) are under study. However, discrepancies arise among studies in part due to lack of consent regarding normalization. We aimed to identify the best miRNA normalizer for RCC studies performed in urine samples together with a miRNA profile with diagnostic value and another for follow-up. We evaluated the performance of 120 candidate miRNAs in the urine of 16 RCC patients and 16 healthy controls by RT-qPCR followed by a stability analysis with RefFinder. In this screening stage, miR-20a-5p arose as the most stably expressed miRNA in RCC and controls, with a good expression level. Its stability was validated in an independent cohort of 51 RCC patients and 32 controls. Using miR-20a-5p as normalizer, we adjusted and validated a diagnostic model for RCC with three miRNAs (miR-200a-3p, miR-34a-5p and miR-365a-3p) (AUC = 0.65; Confidence Interval 95% [0.51, 0.79], p = 0.043). let-7d-5p and miR-205-5p were also upregulated in patients compared to controls. Comparing RCC samples before surgery and fourteen weeks after, we identified let-7d-5p, miR-152-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-362-3p and miR-30e-3p as potential follow-up profile for RCC. We identified validated targets of most miRNAs in the renal cell carcinoma pathway. This is the first study that identifies a robust normalizer for urine RCC miRNA studies, miR-20a-5p, which may allow the comparison of future studies among laboratories. Once confirmed in a larger independent cohort, the miRNAs profiles identified may improve the non-invasive diagnosis and follow-up of RCC. 相似文献
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定义了群上软集的正规化子与中心化子的概念,研究了群上软集的正规化子与中心化子的基本性质,进一步得到了群的同态映射之下,软集的正规化子（中心化子）的像与软集的像的正规化子（中心化子）之间的关系,软集的正规化子（中心化子）的原像与软集的原像的正规化子（中心化子）之间的关系。 相似文献
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量子容错编码门是量子通信和量子计算的研究热点之一。基于测量法提出一种稳定子码的量子容错编码门的构造方法。利用测量能够改变稳定子码正规子的特性,选取合适的测量算子和恢复算子,将这些算子作用在通过再次编码获得的扩充编码态上,逐步改变稳定子码的逻辑算子,且保持其稳定子不变,获得基于测量法的容错编码门构造。并以编码相位门,Hadamard门和可控非门为例验证了构造方法的正确性。进一步给出各容错编码门相应的量子实现线路图,确保图中各部分都可实现自动容错。最后,就构造编码门的开销进行计算,并与文献[13]中基于稳定子码的量子容错编码门构造方法进行比较,结果表明,所提出的测量法在量子门开销方面较文献[13]的有明显改善。 相似文献
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