压缩感知理论及其研究进展

 信号采样是联系模拟信源和数字信息的桥梁.人们对信息的巨量需求造成了信号采样、传输和存储的巨大压力.如何缓解这种压力又能有效提取承载在信号中的有用信息是信号与信息处理中急需解决的问题之一.近年国际上出现的压缩感知理论(Compressed Sensing,CS)为缓解这些压力提供了解决方法.本文综述了CS理论框架及关键技术问题,并着重介绍了信号稀疏变换、观测矩阵设计和重构算法三个方面的最新进展,评述了其中的公开问题,对研究中现存的难点问题进行了探讨,最后介绍了CS理论的应用领域.  

目标微动特性研究进展

目标特征控制技术的发展增加了目标探测与识别任务的技术难度.随着先进传感器的测量能力和信号处理水平的提高,对目标微动特性的测量和分析正在成为当前目标探测与识别领域的新兴研究方向.本文在目标微动的概念、目标微动对电磁波的调制效应、目标微动特征处理与分析技术进展、目标微动特性应用领域等方面做了比较深入的介绍和分析,最后对目标微动特性研究的发展趋势和技术难点进行了预测.  

A survey of linear singular systems

This paper is a brief historical review of linear singular systems, followed by a survey of results on their solution and properties. The frequency domain and time domain approaches are discussed together to sketch an overall picture of the current status of the theory.  

Wireless sensor and actor networks: research challenges

Wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) refer to a group of sensors and actors linked by wireless medium to perform distributed sensing and acting tasks. The realization of wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) needs to satisfy the requirements introduced by the coexistence of sensors and actors. In WSANs, sensors gather information about the physical world, while actors take decisions and then perform appropriate actions upon the environment, which allows a user to effectively sense and act from a distance. In order to provide effective sensing and acting, coordination mechanisms are required among sensors and actors. Moreover, to perform right and timely actions, sensor data must be valid at the time of acting. This paper explores sensor-actor and actor-actor coordination and describes research challenges for coordination and communication problems.  

单次激光冲击下板料变形的理论分析

金属板料的激光冲击成形(LSF)技术是利用高能激光诱导的高幅冲击波的力效应，而非热效应。它是在激光冲击强化基础上拓展出的又一崭新的研究领域。根据爆轰波和爆炸气体动力学理论，建立了板料激光冲击成形中，激光-能量转换体-靶材系统的冲击波压力的物理模型和理论估算式。通过对激光冲击波载荷作用下板料变形过程的理论分析，建立激光冲击板料变形的数学模型，得到板料变形量与加工系统中各种参数之间的相互关系，为加工过程中各种参数的合理优化，板料变形过程的有效控制，实现大面积金属板料的激光冲击成形提供了理论依据。  

蜜蜂进化型遗传算法

本文提出了一种蜜蜂进化型遗传算法.在该算法中,种群的最优个体作为蜂王与被选的每个个体(雄蜂)以概率进行交叉操作,增强了对种群最优个体所包含信息的开采能力.为了避免算法过早收敛,在代进化过程中引入了一个随机种群,提高了算法的勘探能力.通过将该算法建模为齐次有限Markov链,证明了它的全局收敛性.实验结果表明,蜜蜂进化型遗传算法是一种提高遗传算法性能的有效改进算法.  

云计算:从概念到平台

云计算是以虚拟化技术为基础,以网络为载体提供基础架构、平台、软件等服务为形式,整合大规模可扩展的计算、存储、数据、应用等分布式计算资源进行协同工作的超级计算模式.作为一种全新的互联网应用模式,云计算将成为未来人们获取服务和信息的主导方式.针对当前云计算概念混杂的现状,提出了一个较综合的参考性定义,并分析了云计算与分布式计算、网格计算、并行计算、效用计算等相关计算形式的联系与区别.对目前主流的云计算平台实例进行了概括性介绍,从云平台的层次更深刻地剖析云计算的本质.  

基于变异算子与模拟退火混合的人工鱼群优化算法

人工鱼群算法(AFSA)是一种新型的群智能随机全局优化技术.本文在分析AFSA存在不足的基础上,提出了基于变异算子与模拟退火混合的人工鱼群优化算法.该算法保持了AFSA算法简单、易实现的特点,克服了人工鱼漫无目的随机游动或在非全局极值点的大量聚集,显著提高了算法的运行效率和求解质量.通过函数和实例测试验证,表明了该算法是可行和有效的.  

一类混沌流密码的分析

该文指出一类基于数字化逐段线性混沌映射的混沌流密码方案是不够安全的．在有限数字精度下，分段线性混沌映射存在可度量的特征退化，这种退化由控制参数所在的参数空间子集唯一决定．由此可以推知，在已知明文的情况下，整个密钥空间可以分解为强度依次降低的弱密钥子空间．在此基础上可以导出一类多分辨率攻击方法，在密钥随机分配的情况下，该攻击方法从总体上可以把密钥熵降低2bit．试验结果表明，该文提出的多分辨率攻击方法是实际可行的．该文还讨论了一些可能采取的改进措施及其效果。  

ECG data compression techniques-a unified approach

A broad spectrum of techniques for electrocardiogram (ECG) data compression have been proposed during the last three decades. Such techniques have been vital in reducing the digital ECG data volume for storage and transmission. These techniques are essential to a wide variety of applications ranging from diagnostic to ambulatory ECG's. Due to the diverse procedures that have been employed, comparison of ECG compression methods is a major problem. Present evaluation methods preclude any direct comparison among existing ECG compression techniques. The main purpose of this paper is to address this issue and to establish a unified view of ECG compression techniques. ECG data compression schemes are presented in two major groups: direct data compression and transformation methods. The direct data compression techniques are: ECG differential pulse code modulation and entropy coding, AZTEC, Turning-point, CORTES, Fan and SAPA algorithms, peak-picking, and cycle-to-cycle compression methods. The transformation methods briefly presented, include: Fourier, Walsh, and K-L transforms. The theoretical basis behind the direct ECG data compression schemes are presented and classified into three categories: tolerance-comparison compression, differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), and entropy coding methods. The paper concludes with the presentation of a framework for evaluation and comparison of ECG compression schemes.