Morphology-controlled fabrication of nanostructured WO3 thin films by magnetron sputtering with glancing angle deposition for enhanced efficiency photo-electrochemical water splitting

Herein, the tungsten trioxide (WO₃) nanostructure thin films with different morphologies are firstly fabricated by magnetron sputtering with glancing angle deposition technique (MS-GLAD), followed by the post annealed treatment process in air ambient for 2 h. It is demonstrated that the geometry of MS-GLAD setup, mainly substrate position, played a crucial role in determining the morphology, crystallinity, optical transmittance, and photo-electrochemical (PEC) performance of the WO₃ nanostructured thin film. With the different substrate positions in the MS-GLAD system, the WO₃ nanorod film layer could be precisely changed to combine an underlying dense layer with a nanorod layer and then nanocolumnar film. Moreover, the prepared samples' chemical composition and work function are studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), respectively. The combining WO₃ nanostructure produced high PEC efficiency compared to the single layer of the WO₃ nanorods sample and the dense WO₃ thin film sample. Thus, morphology-controlled nanostructure film based on the MS-GLAD technique in our study provides a simple approach to enhance the photo-anode for PEC water splitting application.     

Bond characteristics,vibrational spectrum and optimized microwave dielectric properties of chemically substituted NdNbO4

Coordination chemistry, bond state and vibrational spectrum of co-substituted microwave dielectric NdNb_1-x(Zr_0.5W_0.5)_xO₄ ceramics (x = 0.01∼0.05) were investigated. Raman spectra and XRD refinement showed a solid solution was formed. The compressed and elongated chemical bonds are responsible for the variations of crystal parameters and cell volume. Calculated chemical bond parameters indicated bond covalency, lattice energy and Nb-site bond energy act on the fluctuations of the permittivity, quality factor and temperature coefficient, respectively. Meanwhile, the infrared vibrational spectrum is fitted to quantify the contributions of observed IR mode to the intrinsic loss. Compact ceramic possesses excellent properties: ε_r ∼ 19.2, Q × f ∼ 55282 GHz and τ_f ∼ -11.36 ppm/°C with x = 0.04, at 1250°C.     

A series of Er~(3+)-activated SrLaGa_3O_7 single crystal fibers for mid-infrared laser application

A multidisciplinary approach for the production and characterization of a series of high concentration Er~(3+)activated SrLaGa_3 O_7(abbreviated as Er:SLGO) crystal fibers is shown to have a great promise for implementation in mid-infrared laser applications.The current approach includes the design and formation of unique layered tetrahedral network structures with several kinds of rare earth(RE) ions including Er ions distributing statistically between layers,such as Er:SLGO,Er,Nd:SLGO,Er,Yb,Ho:SLGO,Er,Eu:SLGO and Er,Ho:SLGO.Five kinds of Er:SLGO crystal fibers were designed to grow via a micropulling down method.Spectroscopic analyses show that Er,Yb,Ho:SLGO and Nd,Er:SLGO crystal fibers were superiorly endowed with inhomogeneous broadening absorption and strong emission.The unique structural components design enables the generation of improved absorption and emission recombination,and the inhibition of self-termination as well.Generally,the use of structural components design may warrant high-efficiency emissions in RE-doped crystal fibers.     

基于高光谱图像的改进SIFT特征提取与匹配

针对尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)算法所提取图像特征点数量少、误匹率高的问题,提出了一种基于高光谱图像的改进SIFT算法。首先,依据传统SIFT算法中高斯金字塔的构造思想,结合在不同波段下的高光谱图像具有相同宏观特征的特点,首次用高光谱图像作为原始算法中经高斯变换产生的图像,使得检测到的具有实际意义的特征点数量大幅增加;其次,传统SIFT算法以及大量的改进方法都只通过目标象元邻域范围内的像素信息来构造特征描述符,而忽略了像素点的位置信息,文中将目标象元的位置信息纳入了特征描述符,在特征描述符的匹配阶段,在利用邻域范围内的像素信息进行粗匹配之后,利用特征描述符中的位置信息进行精细匹配。仿真实验结果表明在限定最优值与次优值之比的情况下,采用高光谱图像构造高斯金字塔的方式能显著增加特征点的提取数量,更多地挖掘出图像中的极值点;在特征描述符中加入目标象元的位置信息作为特征点匹配第二阶段的判断依据,正确匹配数量达到原方法的59倍以上,极大提升了算法的匹配性能。     

Oxygen concentration measurement and control of lead-bismuth eutectic in a small,static experimental facility

ABSTRACT

Oxygen measurement and control system is critical for minimizing corrosion in nuclear systems. Oxygen measurement and control tools use lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) and pure lead as a coolant or as a spallation target. Oxygen can be supplied by either gas phase (H₂O or O₂) or solid phase (PbO dissolution); thus, oxygen control includes both gas phase and solid phase methods. This article focuses on oxygen concentration measurement and control of lead-bismuth eutectic in a small, static experimental facility. This facility was developed for oxygen sensor calibration and gas/solid phase control systems test programs. The oxygen sensor with Nano Cu/Cu₂O closely the Nernstian behavior down to 195°C; the oxygen sensor measurement accuracy satisfied the requirements of subsequent experiments. The gas phase control system (verified according to different type of mass transfer, such as air, H₂O, gas injection, and coverage) and the solid phase control system were very successful in small experimental devices. Accurate oxygen concentration control was achieved with both the gas and solid phase control systems.     

光谱编码计算关联成像技术研究

现有的多光谱成像技术通常采用光学分光的方式，使用多个探测器对成像场景的光谱图像进行采集，导致现有成像系统复杂，数据量大、效率低。针对现有技术的不足，提出基于正交调制模式的光谱编码计算关联成像技术。通过正交光谱编码矩阵融合Hadamard基图案构造投影散斑对宽带光源进行调制，单像素探测器收集成像物体与调制光源相互作用后的反射信号；应用演化压缩技术复原成像物体的混叠光谱图像；利用编码矩阵的正交性质解码出欠采样的光谱分量图像，对分离出的图像应用组稀疏压缩感知算法重构全采样的光谱分量图像，最后融合出成像物体的多光谱图像。通过数值模拟与实验两方面验证了所提方法的高效性。所提的技术简化了多光谱关联成像系统，降低了数据量。光谱编码方法可以扩展到更多的光谱通道，也可以应用在偏振关联成像、信息加密等领域。     

半导体激光器温度控制电路设计及实验研究

DFB可调谐二极管激光器是激光光谱测量系统中的最主要部件之一,它的输出波长与辐射功率的稳定性决定测量系统的稳定性.影响DFB可调谐二极管激光器输出波长和输出功率的因素主要为激光器的注入电流和工作温度,而工作温度对输出特性的影响更大.设计了激光器温度控制电路,并实验分析了PI参数对温度控制稳定性的影响以及温度控制的短期稳定性;将设计电路应用在DFB可调谐二极管激光器上进行激光器输出波长与输出功率的长期监测,得到激光器输出波长的标准偏差为0.2×10-6,输出功率的标准偏差为0.02 mW.     

基于SiPLS和SPA波长选择的玉米组分测量研究

研究分析80个玉米实验光谱数据,经预处理后,分别进行区间偏最小二乘(iPLS)、组合区间偏最小二乘法(SiPLS)和连续投影算法(SPA)优选玉米水分组分的最佳波长,建立校正模型。结果表明,iPLS、SiPLS和SPA将建模变量从700个分别降低到70、140和2个,各占据全光谱的10%、20%和0.29%,而其建模精度比700个全谱变量建模精度甚至更好。其中SiPLS和SPA的建模精度相当,但是SPA方法将建模变量从700个降低到2个,计算复杂度得到最大程度的降低,并保持了建模精度,表明SPA是一种有效的特征波长提取方法,且这一研究方法可推广应用到对玉米中油脂、蛋白质和淀粉的含量检测中。     

差分吸收NO_2激光雷达波长漂移和能量波动对浓度反演的影响

为评估差分吸收二氧化氮激光雷达中激光器的稳定性对反演浓度的影响,以NO_2的吸收谱和激光雷达方程为基础,分析了波长漂移和能量波动对距离分辨差分吸收激光雷达浓度反演带来的相对误差。采用两台Nd:YAG激光器的354.7nm波长分别泵浦两台染料激光器的方式,产生差分吸收探测所需的两个波长λon(448.10nm)和λoff(446.80nm),搭建探测大气NO_2实验系统,并就波长漂移和能量波动对NO_2浓度反演影响进行了实验验证。实验结果表明:在没有稳频条件下,当λon和λoff波长漂移≤0.005nm时,引起的浓度相对误差为≤3%;能量波动对反演浓度没有影响,但能量降低减小探测距离,当能量下降≤5%时,探测距离≤100m,实验结果与理论计算基本一致。最后,开展了大气NO_2浓度实验观测,获得实验期间水平及垂直高度0.5~3km内NO_2浓度的分布廓线,系统稳定可靠。本方法为实用化NO_2差分吸收激光雷达的设计及应用提供了理论依据及技术支持。