原生裂隙对水压致裂应力测量结果的影响

以水压致裂原地应力测量实际测试结果为例,通过对测试记录曲线及地应力计算结果的分析,结合破裂的印模定向和钻孔超声波测试结果,讨论和分析了原生裂隙对水压致裂原地应力测量结果的影响,并对相关的数据处理方法提出了合理的建议。     

Influence of wavelength-to-excavation span ratio on ground motion around deep underground excavations

Accurate estimation of ground motion around excavations is important for dynamic rock support design in deep civil tunnels and underground mines. Among the influencing factors, the wavelength-to-excavation span ratio (λ/D) has a large effect on ground motion. Using an advanced wave propagation simulation tool, we performed two series numerical experiments to study the effect of the λ/D ratio on ground motion near excavation boundaries. The modeling results reveal that the wave field becomes more complex as the λ/D ratio decreases. The absolute PPV (Peak Particle Velocity) values around an excavation are closely related to the intensity of the seismic source but the relative PPV value depends on the λ/D ratio. Amplification factors, defined as the PPV in the excavation model to the PPV in the background model without any excavation, are calculated for each case. The amplification factor around the excavation increases significantly as the λ/D ratio decreases. When the λ/D ratio is greater than 30, the wave amplitudes are less affected by the excavation and a seismic wave loading can be considered as “quasi-static.” When the λ/D ratio is less than 20, significant wave interaction occurs and the wave loading needs to be considered as “dynamic.” The numerical results provide additional insights into the ground motion behavior around excavations under both “quasi-static” and “dynamic” loading conditions.     

考虑非规则荷载下土体残余应变的时域积分方法

非规则荷载下土体残余应变发展模型是一个目前仍在探索的问题，现有的土层时域积分方法难以考虑土体的残余应变效应。阐述了一种在规则和非规则荷载下土体残余应变的表示方法，将其与双曲线型动态骨架曲线相结合，推导出一种能较好考虑非规则荷载下残余应变效应且方便程序实现的土体应力-应变关系。将此土体应力-应变关系应用于土层地震反应时域积分方法中，获得了一种考虑土体残余应变效应的时域积分方法，基于MATLAB平台编制了RS-DYMATLAB计算程序。利用实验数据对方法进行了验证，结果表明，本方法是一种合理可行的、能较好地考虑土体的残余应变效应的土层地震反应分析方法。     

水压致裂室内模拟实验的声发射观测

本文介绍了水压致裂室内模拟实验的声发射观测结果,指出了水压致裂的裂缝扩展是一个不连续的过程;微观破裂源与宏观破裂的分布大体一致,都出现在最大水平主应力方向上;线破裂源法向上的声发射辐射强度较大;观测到的辐射信号通常以S波较强;完整岩石的压裂通常都有明显的声发射发生;但声发射强度与破裂压力的对应关系不明显.上述实验的结果可以做为野外实际观测的参考.     

多源外部DEM对两轨DINSAR测量结果影响分析

在总结两轨差分中参考DEM影响的最新研究成果基础上,以青藏高原上典型平地和山地作为研究区,利用理论上没有形变的ERS Tandem像对以及3种常用外部参考DEM(SRTM,ASTER GDEM,1:5万DEM),使用ROI_PAC软件进行两轨差分干涉试验.实例证明:SRTM更适合作为两轨差分中的外部参考DEM,并对此试验结果予以解释分析,即多源DEM数据质量的差异导致干涉图与DEM配准精度的不同,并最终反映在差分干涉相位误差中.本文研究结论对提高DInSAR处理精度有参考价值.     

A regional investigation of urban land-use change for potential landslide hazard assessment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,People's Republic of China: Zigui to Wanzhou

The near-completion of the Three Gorges Dam has led to the creation of a narrow reservoir that, when completed in 2009, will stretch over 660 km upstream and result in the displacement of approximately 1.2 million people. This reservoir will drown more than 100 towns, some of which have already been lost due to the rising waters, and result in a significant change in land use. New urban areas have been constructed at higher elevations to avoid the rising water but it is feared that some of these settlements may now be exposed to a greater risk of landslides due to slope failure. A geographic information system (GIS) consisting of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), and Environmental Satellite-Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ENVISAT-ASAR) data has been created and used to monitor the urban changes from before the Dam's construction to the present day as well as changes in landslide susceptibility. To perform this analysis, a new 30 m high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) was derived by combining an ASTER and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM. Fieldwork was carried out along the Yangtze River, where the urban boundaries were field-checked using GPS to navigate to the satellite-derived checkpoints. The results show that a majority of the new urban areas are in fact located on shallow slopes, but are often positioned below steep slopes, which could pose a future threat of landslide risk to the inhabitants of the new towns.     

电阻率多极距观测台站的电性结构模型及参数反演研究——以山丹台为例

电阻率多极距观测系统相对于目前地震监测中普遍使用的单极距观测系统是一个进步.利用电阻率多极距观测数据,经正、反演计算后可获得不同深度层的等效(真)电阻率值,可有效地排除因人类活动等引起的表浅层干扰,从而获得可靠性高的电阻率异常.不过,在获得等效(真)电阻率之前,须获得台站的电性结构模型,而前人未对此进行详细研究.因此本...     

The state-of-the-art of the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite mission

The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) mission was proposed in 2003 and approved in 2013 after ten years’ scientific and engineering demonstrations. To meet the requirement of scientific objectives, the satellite is designed to be in a sunsynchronous orbit with an altitude of 507 km and descending node time of 14:00 LT. The CSES satellite carries 8 instruments, including search-coil magnetometer (SCM), electric field detector (EFD), high precision magnetometer (HPM), GNSS occultation receiver (GOR), plasma analyzer package (PAP), langmuir probe (LAP), high energetic particle package (HEPP) and detector (HEPD), and tri-band beacon (TBB), among which HEPD is provided by Italian Space Agency. The CSES satellite was launched successfully on February 2, 2018, and is planned to operate for 5 years. The CSES mission is the first satellite in China to measure geophysical fields, which will have a lot of application prospects in the study of seismology, geophysics, space sciences, and so on.     

基于SMS无线传输的水库滑坡自动化采集系统

在介绍常规滑坡监测方法的基础上,提出了基于SMS(短消息业务)无线传输的水库滑坡自动化采集系统,该系统使用太阳能供电,采取了防潮、防雷击等措施,具有成本低廉、性能可靠、组网灵活、维护方便等特点;适合交通不便,无交流供电但有手机信号的偏僻地区进行远程非实时监测.并重点举例介绍了单片机实现SMS的发送和接收的注意事项以及该监测系统所采用的一种新的防雷技术,新防雷技术在雷电知识的基础上,独辟蹊径,采用了非常规的避雷措施,达到了良好的效果.     

强震作用下山区滑坡稳定临界位移分析

强震作用下滑坡产生的永久滑动位移是其稳定性的量度参数,对一个滑坡系统,地震作用产生的永久位移是一个系统的状态参量,地震瞬态动力作用变形相当于系统的随机性"涨落"因素。滑坡系统的势能是一个取决于永久位移的能反映其稳定性状态又与具体振动过程路径无关的量,临界位移值实质上对应着系统势能的突变点,如何确定临界位移值的难题可转换为寻找系统势能突变点问题。以山区地震滑坡的地质模型和力学模型为基础建立势能突变理论模型,给出失稳判据和确定临界位移的方法,并对其适用条件进行讨论,发现临界位移值与滑带的几何特征、力学特性和滑体自重相关,与具体的地震波输入等无关,但临界位移作为滑坡稳定性的判据是有条件的。同时指出促使滑体滑动的根本因素是滑体相对下部基岩的加速度惯性力作用,简单地将强震仪记录的加速度直接施加到滑体上是有待商榷的。