面阵热红外相机镜头畸变校正靶标研究

针对可见光相机校正靶标不适用于热红外相机的问题,研究了红外辐射理论与热红外相机探测原理,提出发射率和太阳辐射吸收率两个靶标选材依据参数,对多种材料进行热红外成像试验,得到适合制作热红外靶标的黑色氧化铝板和镀镍铝板两类材料。所选材料制作的靶标材质轻便,热红外成像边界清晰、DN值差异明显,满足校正程序对靶标交点提取准确性的要求。研究成果为热红外面阵相机镜头畸变校正的靶标制作提供重要参考,对面阵热红外航空遥感成像技术起到一定的推进作用。     

面阵凝视声光光谱成像技术及其轻小型无人机载应用探讨

近年来,轻小型无人机载光谱成像技术因航线自由,使用成本低等诸多优势在光谱遥感技术领域成为研究热点并得到广泛重视。基于面阵凝视的新型声光光谱成像技术的成熟运用为轻小型无人机遥感技术注入了新的活力。首先介绍了面阵凝视光谱成像技术途径,然后结合月球探测应用对声光光谱成像技术进行了论述。无人机载样机研制完成后开展无人机载应用试验,对试验数据进行分析和评价。最后,对基于声光光谱凝视成像技术的轻小型无人机载应用进行探讨及展望。     

天基合成孔径激光雷达非合作目标成像系统设计与实验

合成孔径激光雷达是合成孔径技术在激光相干探测雷达领域的推广,相比传统合成孔径雷达具有更高的分辨率。相比机载、陆基等应用环境,空间没有大气湍流和机械振动,非常适合合成孔径激光雷达应用,而合成孔径激光雷达本身分辨率不随距离变化的优点,也利于空间大尺度距离探测。建立了对非合作目标进行高分辨率成像监测天基合成孔径激光雷达成像模型,对系统中关键参数进行分析,针对地球静止轨道上的目标进行了系统设计,提出系统实现工程化需要进一步突破的关键技术。结合理论分析,设计了缩比模型验证实验,利用转台模拟空间卫星间运动,得到了方位向分辨率1 mm的目标图像,证明了系统分析的合理性和该系统的实用性,对天基合成孔径激光雷达技术的推广具有一定意义。     

0.94 μm差分吸收激光雷达地基工作的进展

为了更好地探测对流层大气水汽的垂直廓线,对已经建立的935 nm差分吸收激光雷达进行了部分改进。采取双通道接收的措施,近场通道望远镜同时也是发射激光的扩束器,近场通道采用偏振分束器加四分之一波片的方式隔离发射光和回波光,远场通道（主通道）采用平行旁轴的卡塞格林望远镜,从而减小激光雷达近地面盲区;发射机的双波长挪到936.0~936.5 nm之间,增加了注入种子激光的功率,提高发射光谱纯度,从而提高探测精度。探测范围从600~2 000 m,延展到250~3 000 m,随机误差5%。     

航空红外光电遥感技术最新进展

航空红外光电遥感技术具有可全天时工作、机动灵活、空间分辨率高等不可替代的优势,是遥感科学、国土监测、国防应用等领域的重要手段.发展航空红外光电遥感技术对我国的经济发展和国防建设至关重要.近年来,航空红外光电遥感技术发展很快,在高光谱分辨率红外成像和高空间分辨率红外成像方面取得了重大突破.高空间分辨率、高光谱分辨率、高时...     

一种大测距动态范围高重频相干测距测速激光雷达(Ⅱ): 信号调制

针对"双频双调制双本振(DFDMDL)"大测距动态范围高重频相干测距测速体制,分析了该体制信号调制需要考虑的调频线性度、发射光和本振光信号的"幅-频"特性、对称三角线性调频(STLFM)信号的周期稳定性等因素,通过参数的对比、仿真及实测,提出了适合本系统的信号调制方案.实测结果表明,采用声光移频器(AOFS)外调制提供高线性度STLFM信号,直接数字频率合成(DDS)驱动AOFS,通过DAC调节射频驱动源功率补偿AOFS非平坦的"幅-频"特性,以及基于FPGA的高精度时间测量系统监测STLFM信号周期及测量多个STLFM周期间的时间差,可以使该"双频双调制双本振"体制具有较高的距离测量精度,并为通过脉冲积累减小发射能量的途径提供了可能.     

Deposition of aromatic polyimide thin films in supercritical carbon dioxide

The deposition of aromatic polyimide (API) thin films was carried out in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) with 20 mol% of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as a cosolvent, and using 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) as monomers. A new apparatus based on a flow method that consisted of a cold-wall type reactor and two supply lines for each of the API monomers was used. The effect on the morphology of the films was investigated at feeding monomer concentrations and deposition temperatures ranging from 5 × 10⁻⁴ to 5 × 10⁻⁶ on a mole fraction basis and from 423 to 523 K, respectively. The results showed that increasing the monomer concentration and decreasing the deposition temperature increased the thickness of the films, and a smooth surface of the film was obtained at 423 K. Additionally, FT-IR study and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis of the film deposited at monomer mole fractions of 5 × 10⁻⁵ and at a deposition temperature of 473 K were also carried out. The FT-IR spectrum of the deposited film in scCO₂ with DMF represented imide structures although there was a small peak of amide carbonyl stretching that originated from the polyamic acid and DMF. The TG curve indicated the temperature of 5% weight loss was more than 800 K under an air atmosphere after complete imidization.     

基于TDC7201芯片的高精度激光脉冲飞行时间测量模块研究

设计了一种高精度、高线性度、轻小型激光脉冲飞行时间测量模块。结合TDC7201芯片在时间测量方面的优势,将其作为时间测量核心部分,并将STM32F103RET6微控制器作为主控芯片来控制整个模块的工作。实验结果表明,该模块在12 ns~100 μs时间间隔范围内的时间测量精度最高可达4.1 ps;测量结果的线性拟合相关系数为1,且能够测量激光脉冲主波与5个回波之间的时间间隔。该模块可满足基于硅光电倍增管(Silicon Photomultiplier, SiPM)的脉冲式激光测距系统的高精度、高线性度、多回波、轻量化等实际应用需求。     

Air-Stable Low-Symmetry Narrow-Bandgap 2D Sulfide Niobium for Polarization Photodetection

Low-symmetry 2D materials with unique anisotropic optical and optoelectronic characteristics have attracted a lot of interest in fundamental research and manufacturing of novel optoelectronic devices. Exploring new and low-symmetry narrow-bandgap 2D materials will be rewarding for the development of nanoelectronics and nano-optoelectronics. Herein, sulfide niobium (NbS₃), a novel transition metal trichalcogenide semiconductor with low-symmetry structure, is introduced into a narrowband 2D material with strong anisotropic physical properties both experimentally and theoretically. The indirect bandgap of NbS₃ with highly anisotropic band structures slowly decreases from 0.42 eV (monolayer) to 0.26 eV (bulk). Moreover, NbS₃ Schottky photodetectors have excellent photoelectric performance, which enables fast photoresponse (11.6 µs), low specific noise current (4.6 × 10⁻²⁵ A² Hz⁻¹), photoelectrical dichroic ratio (1.84) and high-quality reflective polarization imaging (637 nm and 830 nm). A room-temperature specific detectivity exceeding 10⁷ Jones can be obtained at the wavelength of 3 µm. These excellent unique characteristics will make low-symmetry narrow-bandgap 2D materials become highly competitive candidates for future anisotropic optical investigations and mid-infrared optoelectronic applications.     

空间激光测高技术发展及展望

空间激光测高技术通过在天基平台搭载脉冲激光测距仪,实现行星表面形貌信息获取,是开展对地和深空探测的重要手段。系统梳理了空间激光测高技术的发展历史和现状,提出应向多波束观测、近海及岛礁水下地形探测、激光主动多光谱探测这三个方向发展,建议开展近红外波段单光子探测、超窄带光学滤波、多光子分辨探测、单光子数据星上预处理、高转换效率激光及非线性光频变换关键技术研究,促进我国空间激光测高技术的进一步发展。