基于观察者模式的气象卫星数据接收与预处理调度机制研究

针对多颗气象卫星数据在国内外地面站兼容接收及统一自动批量预处理的业务需求,基于观察者模式,设计了系统总体架构,构建了数据接收任务、质量文件传输、预处理与分发作业运行调度机制,实现了有效协同各种资源,对气象卫星多个有效载荷观测数据进行同步自动批量接收、传输、预处理与分发。经过实践检验,该机制简化了设计,降低了耦合度,增强了系统健壮性,满足业务调度的灵活性、可靠性、时效性要求,同时监视界面直观明了,可操作性强,为气象与气候领域的科学研究提供了持续有效的海量数据支撑。     

FY-3/中分辨率光谱成像仪星上黑体的在轨太阳污染模拟与抑制

对风云三号(FY-3)中分辨率光谱成像仪(MERSI)的黑体进行了在轨太阳污染模拟,以掌握在轨太阳污染对面源黑体的影响,同时研究了抑制太阳污染的措施。模拟了FY-3卫星轨道及全轨道周期内太阳光的入射角,使用Tracepro软件建立了太阳污染模拟的模型,利用太阳光入射与MERSI的相对位置对太阳污染进行仿真,分析了污染随光谱成像仪扫描镜旋转和卫星飞行位置的变化。最后,根据分析结果设计了太阳污染抑制措施,并对抑制效果进行了仿真验证。结果表明:在扫描镜附近区域设置遮光板,有效地抑制了太阳光的污染,使辐射量级小于0.1 W,整个太阳污染功率下降了97%以上,对黑体有良好的保护效果。另外,提出的方法提高了面源黑体温度的均匀性和稳定性,保证了红外通道星上定标精度。     

基于多种亮度稳定目标的FY-3C/中分辨率光谱成像仪的反射太阳波段辐射定标

分析研究了风云-3C中分辨率光谱成像仪(FY-3C/MERSI)发射一年以来反射太阳波段的辐射定标精度,利用位于全球范围内的沙漠、盐湖等12种亮度稳定目标,结合中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)的地表和大气参数产品和大气辐射传输模型,计算出了卫星过境时刻入瞳处的波段反射率,并将其作为在轨绝对辐射定标精度检验的参考真值,对2014年1月~10月期间,FY-3C/MERSI反射太阳波段的辐射定标精度进行了验证分析。结果表明,FY-3C/MERSI大部分波段在高低端的定标精度大小不一致。有些波段明显呈现高端定标偏差大,低端定标偏差小的特点;有些波段呈现高、低端定标偏差大,中间低的特点。在仪器发射一年以来,波段1~4,9~11,15~16和波段19仍能保持5%的定标精度。各波段定标精度的时间变化表明:在整个研究时期内,除蓝光波段和水汽吸收波段,其他波段的定标精度变化幅度基本在5%以内。实验结果显示:使用沙漠及盐湖等多种亮度稳定目标,有效地掌握了更宽动态范围内FY-3C/MERSI的辐射定标精度情况。     

卫星云图修复方法研究与实现

针对卫星云图中不可避免的丢线现象,基于中值滤波的基本思想,提出一种结合霍夫变换的图像修复方法.该方法在定位丢线位置的基础上,仅采集垂直方向邻域像素点,并根据窗内异常点个数自适应调整窗口尺寸进行修复.从卫星云图处理实时性要求高、主观视觉效果和客观评价标准3个方面,对传统整体变分、自适应滑动平均、结合霍夫变换的自适应中值滤波3种修复方法进行比较.通过仿真结果表明,这种根据丢线分布特征改进后的中值滤波方法更适合修复卫星云图中的丟线.     

林分平均高度卫星遥感新进展

林分平均高度是生态系统模型重要的输入参数之一,与生物量估算与碳循环研究高度相关。通过系统回顾林分平均高度研究的发展历史和最新进展,总结了不同传感器林分平均高度(SAR树高与LiDAR冠层高度)研究的主要模型和方法,通过单一传感器技术进行林分平均高度研究的内在特征的不同,分析了多传感器的区域林分平均高度联合反演方法的优劣性,并从科学发展趋势和社会需求出发,认识目前存在的主要问题与难点及未来面临的挑战和机遇,为今后更好地进行森林垂直结构和全球碳循环研究提供思路和借鉴。     

Water Vapor and Cloud Radiative Forcings over the Pacific Ocean Simulated by the LASG/IAP AGCM:Sensitivity to Convection Schemes

Characteristics of the total clear-sky greenhouse effect (GA) and cloud radiative forcings (CRFs), along with the radiative-related water vapor and cloud properties simulated by the Spectral Atmospheric Model developed by LASG/IAP (SAMIL) are evaluated. Impacts of the convection scheme on the simulation of CRFs are discussed by using two AMIP (Atmospheric Model Inter-comparison Project) type simulations employing different convection schemes: the new Zhang-McFarlane (NZH) and Tiedtke (TDK) convection schemes. It shows that both the climatological GA and its response to El Nino warming are simulated well, both in terms of spatial pattern and magnitude. The impact of the convection scheme on GA is not significant. The climatological longwave CRF (LWCRF) and its response to El Nino warming are simulated well, but with a prominently weaker magnitude. The simulation of the climatology (response) of LWCRF in the NZH (TDK) run is slightly more realistic than in the TDK (NZH) simulation, indicating significant impacts of the convection scheme. The shortwave CRF (SWCRF) shows large biases in both spatial pattern and magnitude, and the results from the TDK run are better than those from the NZH run. A spuriously excessive negative climatological SWCRF over the southeastern Pacific and an insufficient response of SWCRF to El Ni(n)o warming over the tropical Pacific are seen in the NZH run. These two biases are alleviated in the TDK run, since it produces vigorous convection, which is related to the low threshold for convection to take place. Also, impacts of the convection scheme on the cloud profile are discussed.     

短波红外垂直失水指数观测误差估计方法及其同化方案

发展了一个基于短波红外垂直失水指数的土壤水分观测误差空间分析方法,据此改进了以遥感和生态过程模型为基础的两阶段土壤水分同化方案.通过实地同化实验,证明了改进的土壤水分同化方案能较好地体现空间植被覆盖和数量的异质性导致的表层土壤水分的空间变异,进一步提高了遥感数据在空间上的同化精度.     

Performance improvement of Si-CCD detector based backside reflected light and photon emission microscopy by FIB ultimate substrate thinning

In FA laboratories a significant number of photon emission microscopy (PEM) systems are equipped with the most common detector, namely cooled Si-CCD camera. Backside reflected light microscopy (RLM) and photon emission microscopy (PEM) using this detector are possible but strongly limited by the interaction of light with silicon substrate. In this work, we show the improvement of the RLM and PEM performed from the chip backside using standard cooled Si-CCD camera by localized focused-ion-beam (FIB) assisted silicon substrate removal. Thinning down the silicon substrate significantly improves signal-to-noise ratio of the techniques as well as their resolving properties. It also enables extended spectral analysis, also in the visible regime of the light spectrum. This study has been done using 120 nm technology process test structures.     

A new method for cross-calibration of two satellite sensors

Given that many operational satellite sensors are not calibrated, while a handful of research sensors are, cross-calibration between the two types of sensor is a cost-effective means of calibration. A new method of sensor cross-calibration is demonstrated here using the Chinese Multi-channel Visible Infrared Scanning radiometer (MVIRS) and the US Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). MVIRS has six channels, equivalent to the current National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and four additional ones for remote sensing of ocean colour and moisture. The MVIRS on-board China's polar-orbiting meteorological satellite (FY-1D) was launched on 15 May 2002 with an earlier overpass time than Terra. The sensor has no on-board calibration assembly. This study attempts to calibrate MVIRS against the well-calibrated MODIS, by taking a series of measures to account for their differences. Clear-sky measurements made from the two sensors in July-October 2002 were first collocated. Using the 6S radiative transfer model, MODIS reflectances measured at the top-of-the atmosphere were converted into surface reflectances. They were corrected to the viewing geometry of the MVIRS using the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) measured on the ground. The spectral response functions of the two sensors were employed to account for spectral discrepancies. After these corrections, very close linear correlations were found between radiances estimated from the MODIS and the digital readings from the MVIRS, from which the calibration gains were derived. The gains differ considerably from the pre-launch values and are subject to degradation over time. The calibration accuracy is estimated to be less than 5%, which is compatible to that obtained by the more expensive vicarious calibration approach.     

SAR-derived wind fields at the coastal region in the East/Japan Sea and relation to coastal upwelling

The relationship between the modification of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) wind field and coastal upwelling was investigated using high-resolution wind fields from Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band synthetic aperture radar (PALSAR) imagery and sea-surface temperature (SST) from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Advanced Very-High-Resolution Radiometer (NOAA/AVHRR) data. The retrieved SAR wind speeds seem to agree well with in situ buoy measurements with only a relatively small error of 0.7 m s^?1. The SAR wind fields retrieved from the east coast of Korea in August 2007 revealed a spatial distinction between near and offshore regions. Low wind speeds of less than 3 m s^?1 were associated with cold water regions with dominant coastal upwelling. Time series of in situ measurements of both wind speed and water temperature indicated that the upwelling was induced by the wind field. The low wind field from SAR was mainly induced by changes in atmospheric stability due to air–sea temperature differences. In addition, wind speed magnitude showed a positive correlation with the difference between SST and air temperature (R² = 0.63). The dependence of viscosity of water on radar backscattering at the present upwelling region was negligible since SAR data showed a relatively large backscattering attenuation to an SST ratio of 1.2 dB °C^?1. This study also addressed the important role of coastal upwelling on biological bloom under oligotrophic environments during summer.