Multidisciplinary design modeling and optimizationfor satellite with maneuver capability

According to the mission of a satellite with maneuver capability, the collaborative optimization (CO) method was introduced for the satellite system design, and the related multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) model was established. The possessing and needed velocity increments Δv and Δv _{n e e d} were taken as the measurement of maneuvering capability of the studied satellite, which were then combined with total mass of the satellite to form the optimization objective in the systematic level of the MDO problem. The design variables and constraints of the MDO problem dealt with disciplines or subsystems as guidance, navigation and control (GNC), power, and structure, and corresponding engineering analysis models were also built. A program system to solve the MDO problem wasdeveloped by integrating a non-nested CO method, the commercial and user-supplied codes on framework software iSIGHT. The result showed that the satellite performance could be obviously improved, which also indicates MDO technique is feasible and effective for the spacecraft design problem. The modeling and optimization procedure of the work can be referred for further research and engineering design.     

Dynamic surface control of a piezoelectric fuel injector during rate shaping

Fuel injection rate shaping is a strategy to improve fuel efficiency and reduce harmful emissions in diesel engines. Due to their fast response, piezoelectric fuel injectors are capable of rate shaping operation. This paper describes a model-based closed-loop controller of injection flow rate for a piezoelectric fuel injector. This within-an-engine-cycle control strategy utilizes a dynamic surface control scheme and shows an injection flow rate tracking capability. Practical issues with LabVIEW FPGA control implementation are also addressed. The performance of the controller is verified with simulation and experimental results at different rail pressures and desired injection rates. The experiments show a maximum error of total fuel per one injection event of 2.5%. A stability analysis is also included.     

基于傅里叶级数的小推力航天器快速轨迹设计

为了满足小推力航天器交会轨迹的快速性设计需求,基于形状逼近理论,设计了一种三维轨迹模型.将轨迹设计问题转换为求解傅里叶级数的系数问题,避免了轨迹运动方程非线性强、难以求解的难题,极大地提高了计算效率.考虑到推力加速度的限制,建立了加速度约束方程,并结合轨迹的运动方程,给出了傅里叶级数的求解过程.同时根据边界条件和最大推力加速度值,定性地分析了傅里叶系数的存在条件.仿真验证了该方法的正确性和可行性,并从计算效率上与高斯伪谱法进行了对比,结果表明本文的方法计算耗时仅为高斯伪谱法的0.67%.     

异氰酸酯增强二氧化硅气凝胶的力学性能

采用有机无机复合的方式,制得异氰酸酯增强的SiO2气凝胶。将硅酸甲酯(TMOS)、甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)配成混合硅源,经水解缩聚后形成凝胶,老化后浸泡在含六亚甲基二异氰酸酯单体(HDI)的乙腈溶液中,最后经CO₂超临界干燥,获得了具有良好机械性能的SiO₂气凝胶。制备过程中引入的MTMS增加了凝胶与有机物间的浸润性,与使用有机物低聚体相比,使用单体可使有机物更易进入凝胶网络,反应更充分,形成纳米尺度更均匀的复合气凝胶。复合后的气凝胶密度为330 mg/cm³、比表面积为446.3 m²/g、热导率为0.068 W•m^-1•K^-1,该气凝胶良好的力学性能(压缩强度为19.96 MPa、压缩模量为82.37 MPa)使气凝胶的机械加工成为可能。     

Elastic impact of spheres on thin shallow spherical shells

This investigation was concerned with the elastic impact of spheres on thin shallow spherical shells. A non-linear integro-differential equation of the impact process was developed on the basis of Reissner's approximate theory for transverse vibrations of shallow shells and the quasistatic Hertzian impact theory. This equation was numerically integrated and its main results were experimentally verified. Special attention was given to the apparently new observations that the rebound height of a sphere dropped onto a given shell has a minimum value for a critical size of the sphere, and that the contact time differs substantially for sphere sizes greater or less than this critical value.     

Three-dimensional viscous flow and heat transfer over a permeable shrinking sheet

This paper presents a numerical analysis of a steady three-dimensional fluid flow and heat transfer towards a permeable shrinking sheet. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations by a similarity transformation, which are then solved numerically by a shooting method. The effects of the governing parameters on the skin friction and heat transfer from the surface of the shrinking surface are illustrated graphically. It is found that dual solutions exist for the shrinking case. A comparison with known results from the open literature has been done and it is shown to be in excellent agreement.     

受限式阵列射流过冷沸腾的可视化实验研究

以43%质量浓度的乙二醇水溶液为工质,针对5 mm×32 mm的加热面,采用孔径1 mm,孔间距和孔径比值为4(孔数为7),射距和孔径比值为5的一维阵列射流结构,对受限式射流过冷沸腾进行了可视化实验研究。结果发现,由于加热面朝下,沸腾气泡由于浮力紧贴壁面,而阵列射流引起的横流冲刷作用也不足以吹跑气泡,因此,在一定的热流密度下,当靠近加热表面的气液界面上的蒸发和受过冷液体冲击的气液界面上的凝结取得动态平衡时,将形成一定大小和分布规律的稳定气泡。随着热流密度的增加,气泡长大、合并,并最终形成覆盖整个壁面的"气垫",导致临界热流密度的发生。射流速度较小时,射流无法对加热面形成有效的直接冲击,气泡首先在整个加热面的中间形成;而在射流速度较大时,由于壁面射流的"对冲效应",气泡在两股射流的中间形成,因为那里的冷却最弱。     

基于谐波特征分析的时间调制阵列测向研究进展

针对近年来发展起来的基于谐波特征分析的时间调制阵列(time modulated array,TMA)测向这一新型无线电测向技术体制,全面总结了其目前的发展现状以及与传统阵列测向体制相比较的优缺点.首先分析了TMA的起源、发展与数学基础;其次总结了基于TMA的测向方法的研究现状;然后对二单元TMA测向、多单元TMA测向...     

应用变速控制力矩陀螺的航天器姿态自适应控制

为提高敏捷挠性航天器在轨连续机动的快速性和高稳定性,应用变速控制力矩陀螺(variable speed control moment gyroscopes, VSCMGs)作为姿态控制执行机构,提出了一种将观测器与自适应控制结合的姿态控制律与VSCMGs复合操纵律。考虑到机动过程中挠性模态及精确惯量不可知,采用模态观测器和转动惯量估计器对不可测的状态或参数进行辨识,辨识结果用于精确估计前馈补偿力矩,利用Lyapunov分析方法证明了闭环控制系统的稳定性。鉴于VSCMGs实际使用的力矩分配能力、避奇异能力、轮速平衡能力与末态框架角定位能力,分别设计了加权伪逆操纵律与3种对应的零运动。基于雅可比矩阵条件数提出了末态框架角的优选方法,给出了VSCMGs零运动在机动过程不同阶段的部署方案。结果表明：通过连续姿态机动数值仿真验证了所提算法的有效性;VSCMGs在连续机动过程中平滑切换模式,在不同的机动阶段实现了相应功能。模态观测值和惯量估计值在多次机动后收敛至真值附近,经过参数辨识后的控制器使航天器在机动末端更快更稳地达到指向精度要求。     

Fabrication of high thermal conductivity silicon nitride ceramics by pressureless sintering with MgO and Y2O3 as sintering additives

The fabrication of silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) ceramics with a high thermal conductivity was investigated by pressureless sintering at 1800 °C for 4 h in a nitrogen atmosphere with MgO and Y₂O₃ as sintering additives. The phase compositions, relative densities, microstructures, and thermal conductivities of the obtained Si₃N₄ ceramics were investigated systemically. It was found that at the optimal MgO/Y₂O₃ ratio of 3/6, the relative density and thermal conductivity of the obtained Si₃N₄ ceramic doped with 9 wt% sintering aids reached 98.2% and 71.51 W/(m·K), respectively. EDS element mapping showed the distributions of yttrium, magnesium and oxygen elements. The Si₃N₄ ceramics containing rod-like grains and grain boundaries were fabricated by focused ion beam technique. TEM observations revealed that magnesium existed as an amorphous phase and that yttrium produced a new secondary phase.