Porous ceramics with tailored pore size and morphology as substrates for coral larval settlement

The growing demand for stony corals as ornamental aquarium animals requires defined aquacultural breeding strategies. For the sexual propagation of corals, material substrates are needed, that attract larvae and support their settlement and development. In this study, five types of highly porous ceramic materials were developed following the example of coral skeleton. The applicability of these settlement substrates was tested using larvae of the stony coral Pocillopora damicornis. Partial sintering of pressed clay pellets, freeze casting of clay and alumina-mullite based slurries and direct foaming of high alkane phase emulsified suspensions (HAPES) using alumina were employed. By the addition of mm-sized spherical polystyrene beads as sacrificial templates during freeze casting (alumina-mullite), superficial pores in the size of the larvae were created. The inorganic substrates featured open porosities between 35% (pressed clay) and 83% (foamed alumina), pore sizes ranging from nm to mm-scale and pore morphologies dominated by interparticle porosity (pressed), lamellar pores (freeze casting) and cellular pore types (direct foaming). The ceramic substrates were incubated in artificial sea water for 3 months to induce necessary biofilm formation and algae growth. Afterwards, individual substrates were exposed to 5 coral larvae, and their settlement behavior was monitored over 14 days. At the end of this period, all ceramic materials were successfully accepted as settlement substrates, with a mean settlement rate of 46.2%, and no significant differences between the substrate types. On samples with large surface superficial pores, a significantly reduced survival of settled larvae (79%) compared to the other porous materials (93–98%) was determined, suggesting a non-ideal surface topography. While alumina foam samples (HAPES) exhibit the most promising results in terms of settlement and survival of larvae, clay-based substrates provide a more economic solution for the sexual propagation of corals in aquaculture.     

基于InGaAs/InP雪崩光电二极管的高速单光子探测器雪崩特性研究

报道了一种基于InGaAs/InP雪崩光电二极管、1.25 GHz正弦波门控及贝塞尔低通滤波器的1.25 GHz高速短波红外单光子探测器.通过调整比较电路的鉴别电平, 实验研究了单光子探测器雪崩信号幅度随反向直流偏压的变化.随着鉴别电平的提高, 单光子探测器的探测效率及暗计数率均呈指数衰减, 而后脉冲概率先增大到一个峰值, 然后减小.研究表明, 为获得更高的性能, 需要尽量降低单光子探测器的鉴别电平.     

基于APD的“猫眼”目标主动探测系统信噪比分析

信噪比是表征激光主动探测系统性能的重要指标,通过分析雪崩光电二极管(APD)的噪声来源和离焦“猫眼”目标回波功率,建立了APD探测器的信噪比模型,分析了离焦量、目标距离、激光发散角对APD探测器信噪比的影响,并进行了数值模拟分析,结果表明:离焦量的增大会引起“猫眼”目标回波功率变小,进而使APD探测器信噪比减小;“猫眼...     

备用电源自动投入装置在供配电系统中的应用

介绍了备用电源自动投入装置的原理、分类、接入系统的原则,以及该装置应用于供配电系统时需要注意的问题。     

基于硅雪崩光电二极管的双光子吸收实验

研究了硅雪崩光电二极管(APD)对光通信波段近红外光子在不同频率、强度,以及APD 不同偏压下的双光子吸收效应(TPA)。通过实验详细测量了光频率从186.3 THz 到196.1 THz 变化时APD的TPA 效率,结果表明:随着入射光频率的不断增加,TPA 效率呈现出先增大、后减小的规律,并且在190.5 THz 附近达到最优效率。此外,在实验中观察到,随着入射光强的增大,TPA 效率也呈现出先增大、后减小的现象(此实验中的峰值光强度约10 mW)。     

碲镉汞红外探测器的前沿技术综述

红外光电探测器件在军事、民用和科学研究方面具有非常重要的应用。而碲镉汞(HgCdTe)由于自身的诸多优点在红外光电探测器的发展中起到了至关重要的作用,至今仍然是重要的战略战术应用中首选的材料体系。首先分析了针对新一代红外探测器所提出的SWaP3(Size,Weight,and Power,Performance and Price)概念,然后简略介绍了第三代红外焦平面研究背景下HgCdTe薄膜的衬底水平与材料生长情况,最后总结了大规模阵列器件、甚长波红外器件、高工作温度(High Operating Temperature,HOT)器件、超光谱探测器件、双色器件以及雪崩光电器件等前沿技术方面的研究进展。     

远程高速激光外差信号的高灵敏度探测器研究

针对多轴、高速和超精密激光干涉测量系统对光电接收器在探测灵敏度、响应带宽和稳定性等方面的特殊需求,提出一种基于远程探测的高带宽激光外差信号探测方法。首先,针对多轴激光干涉测量中多个传统光电接收器热耗散大、严重影响测量精度的问题,设计远程光纤探头,将光接收与光电信号处理部分完全分开,彻底消除光电接收器热耗散对测量系统的影响;其次,针对单光轴光功率微弱、难以探测和稳定性差的问题,设计具有主动温度漂移特点的APD高压反向偏置电源,在提高光电接收器探测灵敏度的同时增强其温度稳定性;设计的光电探测器能够实现远程光耦合传输,耦合效率能达到38%以上,最大探测灵敏度为0.52μW,测量带宽可达17.5MHz,满足多轴、高速超精密激光干涉测量系统对光电接收器的性能需求。     

基于10 Gbit/s器件的40 Gbit/s IM/DD-OFDM 40 km单模光纤传输

随着通信技术的快速发展,如何在有限的带宽下实现信息的低成本、大容量的传输引起了人们的广泛关注。文章描述了在40 km单模光纤上采用 IM/DD(强度调制/直接检测)和 OFDM(正交频分复用)技术的40 Gbit/s 光传输系统的设计,实验中使用的是10 Gbit/s级别的 EML(电吸收调制激光器)和 APD(雪崩光电二极管)。通过 MATLAB编程软件实现相关算法,利用 VPI仿真软件对系统进行仿真,并对实验结果进行了分析,验证了 OFDM技术在未来低成本高速率的光传输网络中应用的可行性。     

激光引信雪崩二极管光电探测

由于远距离激光定距引信回波信号极其微弱,普遍使用的PIN型光电二极管系统探测困难,因此采用高灵敏度、低噪声、具有内增益的雪崩光电二极管(APD)作为系统的光电探测器,并进行测试验证。实验结果表明设计有效可行,APD探测接收电路的信噪比较PIN光电接收系统有了明显改善,对远距离定距引信有很好的应用价值。     

激光3D成像系统主被动探测技术的研究进展

随着探测器件技术的进步,新概念的主/被动3D成像技术将主被动探测技术优势有机结合起来,能同时获得目标更加丰富的图像信息(如距离像、强度像、距离-角度像等),从而为正确识别和跟踪目标提供更多的决策信息,大大提高了目标识别概率和可靠性.本文首先介绍了激光3D成像系统的发展现状,重点介绍了林肯实验室研制的Gen-Ⅲ系统和美国航空航天局的自主精确着陆和危险的检测避免技术项目的3D闪光激光雷达系统,接着结合HgCdTe雪崩光电二极管(APD)器件的特点介绍了下一代激光3D成像系统主被动探测技术的发展.最后对激光3D成像系统主被动探测技术的未来应用前景进行了展望.