基于扩展分形和CFAR特征融合的SAR图像目标识别

研究了多信息融合技术在SAR图像目标识别中的应用。将扩展分形特征(Extended Fractal)与双参数恒虚警特征(Double Parameter CFAR)形成的多信息进行融合处理。运用Dempster-Shafer证据理论，在决策层对SAR图像中的像素进行识别分类。实验结果表明通过融合对像素分类的准确性明显好于单特征的检测结果，减少了虚警概率，提高了系统的识别能力。     

干涉条纹图估测基线的方法研究

根据SAR干涉测量原理，提出了利用干涉相干条纹估测基线的方法，并以欧洲空间局资源卫星1号和2号携带的SAR系统在中国新疆伽师试验区获取的串接式（Tan-dem）干涉测量数据为数据源，对提出的方法进行了验证，结果表明，该方法能有效地估测基线，并弥补不能有效获取卫星轨道参数时，对基线进行估测的缺陷，该方法尤其适用于差分干涉测量的研究。     

合成孔径雷达干扰技术的研究

合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar）是一种新型高辨力成像雷达。其在距离上利用发射的线性调频（LFM）的脉冲压缩信号来获取距离上的高分辨力，在方位上利用接收脉冲之间的多普勒信息获得方位上的高分辨力。本文在简单分析合成孔径雷达工作原理基础上，针对合成孔径雷达的特点与弱点，讨论了几种干扰样式。     

Satellite SAR Remote Sensing of Great Lakes Ice Cover,Part 2. Ice Classification and Mapping

During the 1997 winter season, shipborne polarimetric backscatter measurements of Great Lakes (freshwater) ice types using the Jet Propulsion Laboratory C-band scatterometer, together with surface-based ice physical characterization measurements and environmental parameters, were acquired concurrently with Earth Resource Satellite 2 (ERS-2) and RADARSAT Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. This polarimetric data set, composed of over 20 variations of different ice types measured at incident angles from 0° to 60° for all polarizations, was processed to radar cross-section to establish a library of signatures (look-up table) for different ice types. The library is used in the computer classification of calibrated satellite SAR data. Computer analysis of ERS-2 and RADARSAT ScanSAR images of Great Lakes ice cover using a supervised classification technique indicates that different ice types in the ice cover can be identified and mapped, and that wind speed and direction can have an influence on the classification of water as ice based on single frequency, single polarization data. Once satellite SAR data are classified into ice types, the ice map provides important and necessary input for environmental protection and management, ice control and ice breaking operations, and ice forecasting and modeling efforts.     

Analysis of Resolution of Bistatic SAR

In this paper, the spatial resolutions at different directions of bistatic synthetic aperture radar （BiSAR） have been derived from the ambiguity function. Compared with monostatic signal to noise ratio, BiSAR＇s resolutions of a fixed point target are varying with slow time since BiSAR system is space-variant. Constraints for the assumption of space-invariant bistatic topology are proposed in the paper. Moreover, under the assumption of invariance, the change of resolutions at different point in the image scene is taken into account, and we have specified two key parameters that affect resolutions directly and analyzed the way how they influence on the resolutions.     

波束扫描合成孔径雷达成像处理

本文主要研究了滤束扫描合成孔径雷达的杨像处理方法，分析了ＳＣＡＮＳＡＲ的工作原理、信号格式、信号结构和信号参数限制，成像处理算法包括块数据成像算法和块图像拼接算法两部分，频谱分析法和时域频域混合相关法被用于数据成像，块图像的拼接是利用时间有系剪裁块图像再顺次拼接，计算机仿真验证了本文提出的ＳＣＡＮＳＡＲ信号格式和成像算法的可行性。     

基于RD算法的星载SAR斜视成像

本文研究了用距离一多普勒（ＲＤ）算法来实现星载 ＳＡＲ的斜视成像处理。给出了星载 ＳＡＲ斜视时的空间几何模型和回波信号模型，详细分析了地球自转和斜视产生的多普勒质心所引起的距离走动差异，及时域和频域校正对成像的影响，并研究了一种改进的ＲＤ算法进行距离走动的校正，此算法能适应大的斜视距离走动和地球自转距离走动。针对不同的距离走动校正进行了计算机仿真，理论分析和仿真结果表明：这种改进的ＲＤ算法是有效的。     

THE SIMULATION OF THE SAR IMAGE OF INTERNAL SOLITARY WAVES IN ALBORAN SEA

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用小波变换抑制SAR图像中的斑点噪声

抑制合成孔径雷达图像中的斑点噪声一直是处理图像并得到准确图像信息的难点，提出了一种基于小波变换抑制合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像中的斑点噪声的方法，对原有的小波变换方法作了改进，能更好地保留图像的边缘信息，并能简化计算量。在仿真实验中使用了合成的模拟图像和真实的合成孔径雷图像，并与以往的小波去噪滤波方法以及一些经典的斑点噪声滤波方法（包括中值滤波，Lee滤波，Frost滤波）进行比较，在综合考虑了滤波算法在均匀区域对斑点噪声的抑制能力以及保留边缘信息能力的情况下，提出的算法有更好的效果。     

Surface movements in Bologna (Po Plain — Italy) detected by multitemporal DInSAR

We studied the surface deformations affecting the southeastern sector of the Po Plain sedimentary basin, in particular the area of Bologna. To this aim an advanced DInSAR technique, referred to as DInSAR-SBAS (Small BAseline Subset), has been applied. This technique allows monitoring the temporal evolution of a deformation phenomenon, via the generation of mean deformation velocity maps and displacement time series from a data set of acquired SAR images. In particular, we have processed a set of SAR data acquired by the European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS) sensors and compared the achieved results with optical levelling measurements, assumed as reference. The surface displacements detected by DInSAR SBAS from 1992 to 2000 are between 10 mm/year in the historical part of Bologna town, and up to 59 mm/year in the NE industrial and agricultural areas. Former measurements from optical levelling referred to 1897 show 2-3 mm/year vertical movements. This trend of displacement increased in the second half of the 20th century and the subsidence rate reached 60 mm/year. We compared the more recent levelling campaigns (in 1992 and late 1999) and DInSAR results from 1992 to 1999. The standard deviation of the difference between levelling data, projected onto the satellite Line Of Sight, and DInSAR results is 2 mm/year. This highlights a good agreement between the measurements provided by two different techniques. The explanation of soil movements based on interferometric results, ground data and geological observations, allowed confirming the anthropogenic cause (surface effect due to the overexploitation of the aquifers) and highlights a natural, tectonic, subsidence.