Microstructured Fischer‐Tropsch Reactor Scale‐up and Opportunities for Decentralized Application

Current projects focusing on the energy transition in traffic will rely on a high‐level technology mix for their commissioning. One of those technologies is the Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS) that converts synthesis gas into hydrocarbons of different chain lengths. A microstructured packed‐bed reactor for low‐temperature FTS is tested towards its versatility for biomass‐based syngas with a high inert gas dilution. Investigations include overall productivity, conversion, and product selectivity. A 60‐times larger pilot‐scale reactor is further tested. Evaporation cooling is introduced which allows to increase the available energy extraction from the system. From that scale on, an autothermal operation at elevated conversion levels is applicable.     

Finite-point method for efficient timing characterization of sequential elements

Timing characterization of sequential elements, such as latches and flip-flops, is one of the critical steps for timing closure in the pipelined design. Traditional characterization of setup and hold time constraints is computationally intensive, due to the demand on high accuracy in monitoring the operation failure. To improve the efficiency, this work proposes a finite-point based method for the characterization of setup and hold time constraints. The finite-point method identifies several critical data points in the non-linear curve of timing characteristics, and abstracts the essential setup/hold information from them. Moreover, compact models are derived for each point, further reducing the computation cost. The proposed method is general for all sequential elements in the standard cell library. It is comprehensively validated using benchmark circuits at 45 nm node. Experimental results demonstrate approximately 25× reduction in characterization time, with the prediction error in setup and hold time within 9% of FO₄ nominal delay, as compared to that of SPICE simulation results.     

Experimental and numerical study of the compact heat exchanger with different microchannel shapes

Experimental and numerical analysis of heat transfer and fluid flow in the compact heat exchanger has been done in this paper. In an open circuit wind tunnel, developed on purpose for this investigation, the measurement of working media temperatures and mass flow rates for heat exchanger with microchannel coil has been accomplished. In accordance with the heat exchangers used for experiments, numerical 3D simulation of adequate geometry shapes has been done. With utilization of air/water side numerical simulation, more detailed results have been achieved in relation to the simulation that assumes constant temperature or constant heat flux on the pipe wall. Good agreement between experimentally measured and numerically calculated results has been accomplished. The influence of different microchannel shapes on heat transfer effectiveness and pressure drop has been studied numerically. Comparison of results has been made accompanied by the discussion and final conclusions.     

Design and characterization of compact proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer for component evaluation test

In this study, we designed and developed a compact electrolyzer for the evaluation of components in proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis. First, this electrolyzer features a precise pressure-control system that controls the active electrode area and facilitates setting the desired clamping pressure. This mechanism makes it possible to optimize the electrolyzer performance. Second, it has two reference electrodes that are connected on the faces of the active electrode area of the anode and the cathode on the PEM. The polarizations at the anode and the cathode, the membrane resistivity, and the porous transport layer (PTL) overpotential were measured. The details of the design are described, and the electrochemical performance was measured. The optimized clamping pressure for this electrolyzer component was obtained as the specific value. A new measurement method was developed for estimating polarizations at the anode and the cathode, membrane resistance, and PTL overpotential using two reference electrodes.     

Enhanced compactness of oriented MFI zeolite films by heat treatment of seed layer

The achievement of compact and defect-free film structure is crucial for the application of b-oriented MFI zeolite film. In this work, a novel heat treatment technique was used to treat zeolite seeded substrates prior to secondary growth. The influence of the heat treatment parameters such as treat temperature and time on the final film morphology were systematically investigated. The relationship between film compactness and the parameters was established. Under the optimized treat temperature of 120?°C and treat time of 1?h, compact and uniform b-oriented MFI zeolite film was achieved. The applicability of the optimum heat treatment condition was validated by employing various film substrates.     

磨料水射流的切割机理

用磨料水射流对材料进行切割实质上是一个冲蚀作用过程。本文根据磨料颗粒对脆性材料的切割过程,研究了磨料水射流的切割机理,即对物体在磨料水射流冲蚀作用下表面所受的压力及分布、冲蚀破坏的方式及特点进行了探讨,并分析了磨料颗粒的密度、速度及尺寸对磨料水射流冲蚀能效的影响。     

从“二维”控制到“三维”管理的规划对策

在经历了一段时期的土地快速扩张后,许多城市的可建设用地已所剩无几,新区开发热开始降温,旧城改造被广泛关注.这其实也预示着城市化进程进入了一个转轨期,就是从以“二维”平面土地扩张为主的阶段逐步向以“三维”立体空间增效为主的阶段过渡.深圳作为典型的紧凑型城市,正经历着城市空间要素立体化的趋势,对其的规划管理必须实现从“性质”到“用途”、从“地权”到“空权”及从“立面”到“表面”的转变.     

实现亚洲城市的站城一体化开发 ——展望城市开发联合轨道建设的未来

在对日本城市开发、城市建设与作为基础交通的铁路车站空间之间的关系进行分析与考察的同时,通过概观El本近年来的实际案例。对今后将成为亚洲城市开发与城市建设风向标之一的“车站城区一体化开发模式”进行了说明。     

混凝土紧凑拉伸试样断裂稳定性分析

试样裂纹扩展的稳定性对断裂韧度的测试具有重要影响，尤其是对尺寸较大的混凝土试样。本文根据裂纹扩展稳定性因子，分析紧凑拉伸试样裂纹扩展的稳定性及混凝土试样尺寸大型化对裂纹扩展稳定性的影响。