一种波长调制干涉仪光强实时反馈控制系统

提出了一种实时反馈控制系统,保证波长调制干涉仪的激光光强在波长调谐过程中的稳定性,以减小波长调制干涉仪因激光光强的波动产生的相位误差。该控制系统由光电探测器、数据采集卡、光电调幅器和控制软件等组成。实验结果表明,该系统的响应速度超过了干涉仪获取干涉图的速度,不仅能够稳定输出理想的光强值,而且还提高了干涉仪的测量精度。     

Individual-based multi-objective optimal structured treatment interruption for HIV infection

In this paper, based on the measurable quantities from an individual patient that has infection to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and his/her condition is near to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), individual-based multi-objective optimal treatments have been proposed. Firstly, the most effective parameters of the patient in computing Long-term non-progressor (LTNP) equilibrium are derived using global sensitivity analysis (GSA). To accomplish GSA effectively, Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and partial rank correlation coefficients (PRCC) are utilized to rank each of the parameters based on each state of the 5-dimensional model. Then, these results are used by Dempster–Shafer (D–S) evidence theory (DSET) to rank the most effective parameters comprehensively. Now, these effective identified parameters are estimated using extended Kalman filter (EKF), which its covariance matrices are optimized based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Thus, the proposed methodology gives a calibrated model corresponding to the individual patient. Based on this calibrated model, the LTNP equilibrium related to the individual patient is derived. Using the derived individual-based LTNP equilibrium optimal structured treatment interruption (STI) strategies are extracted by defining suitable multi-objective optimization problem and solving it through using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). The results demonstrate that the proposed optimal treatments are able to effectively reach LTNP equilibrium with using the minimum and maximum drug usage of 3.6% and 35.1% of full drug usage treatment. Meanwhile, the different optimal treatments give the decision-makers enough flexibility to choose the suitable treatment based on existing facilities and necessities.     

Anti-disturbance backstepping control for air-breathing hypersonic vehicles based on extended state observer

In this paper, we propose an anti-disturbance backstepping control approach with extended state observer (ESO) for tracking control of air-breathing hypersonic vehicles. Considering the large uncertainties, the external disturbances, and especially the lack of aerodynamic knowledge, several ESOs are introduced in the backstepping controller. With the total disturbance estimation ability of ESOs, almost no aerodynamic knowledge is needed for the controller design. Meanwhile, ESOs are also used to estimate the derivatives of the virtual control signals. The problem of “explosion of terms” is avoided. A key strategy of the controller is that each step of backstepping is activated successively. Consequently, the closed-loop system has time-scale structure. Rigorous stability proof can be obtained. At last, compared simulation results verify the superior tracking performance of the proposed controller.     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定硅质、铝质、镁质和铬质耐火材料中15种组分

硅质、铝质、镁质和铬质耐火材料中MgO、Na₂O、Fe₂O₃、MnO、Cr₂O₃、TiO₂、P₂O₅、SiO₂、CaO、K₂O、Al₂O₃等组分含量的分析,一般采用EDTA滴定法、分光光度法、原子吸收光谱法测定,操作繁琐,耗时长;而使用X射线荧光光谱法分析时,4种基体的耐火材料需要采用不同的熔融方法和校准曲线。为了将4种基体的耐火材料统一制样方法,并使用同一组校准曲线同时测定MgO、ZrO₂、Na₂O、ZnO、NiO、Fe₂O₃、MnO、Cr₂O₃、V₂O₅、TiO₂、P₂O₅、SiO₂、CaO、K₂O、Al₂O₃等主次组分,实验选用3套国外耐火材料标准样品,并对熔融温度、时间、稀释比等熔融制样条件进行优化;通过峰位及强度扫描确定各元素电压、电流、准直器等条件,达到灵敏度与分辨率最佳,通过扫描PHA确定脉冲宽度,提高准确度。理论α系数校正元素间吸收增强效应,用比例法计算校正谱线重叠,优化校准曲线,提高分析方法准确度。各组分校准曲线线性相关系数R²在0.9940~0.9999之间。按照实验方法熔融JRRM507、JRRM803、JRRM129 3个标准样品,进行方法精密度和熔片精密度试验,结果表明重复性均能达到GB/T 21114—2007要求。按照实验方法选择镁铬矿、高岭土、铝土矿3类标准物质进行正确度验证,VS P14/3、UNS KK、ZBK394标准物质中MgO、ZrO₂、Na₂O、ZnO、NiO、Fe₂O₃、MnO、Cr₂O₃、V₂O₅、TiO₂、P₂O₅、SiO₂、CaO、K₂O、Al₂O₃等主次组分的测定结果与认定值相吻合。     

半导体激光器温度调谐波长扫描技术

低成本、小型化的波长扫描半导体激光器在光纤传感系统中有着重要作用。设计了一种可进行温度调谐的半导体激光光源驱动电路。该电路系统以ARM单片机作为控制中心,利用热敏电阻采样激光工作温度,并通过半导体制冷器(TEC)进行温度调节,使得激光器能够根据温度调谐实现波长扫描；同时通过背向光探测器(PD)采样激光输出功率,并通过改变半导体激光驱动电流实现对激光输出功率的控制,使得激光器在温度变化时输出光功率保持稳定。实验结果表明,该电路能够长时间可靠地工作,激光器能够实现的最大波长调谐范围为5nm,且输出光功率在整个波长扫描过程中保持稳定。     

Extended state observer for uncertain lower triangular nonlinear systems

The extended state observer (ESO) is a key part of the active disturbance rejection control approach, a new control strategy in dealing with large uncertainty. In this paper, a nonlinear ESO is designed for a kind of lower triangular nonlinear systems with large uncertainty. The uncertainty may come from unmodeled system dynamics and external disturbance. We first investigate a nonlinear ESO with high constant gain and present a practical convergence. Two types of ESO are constructed with explicit error estimations. Secondly, a time varying gain ESO is proposed for reducing peaking value near the initial time caused by constant high gain approach. The numerical simulations are presented to show visually the peaking value reduction. The mechanism of peaking value reduction by time varying gain approach is analyzed.     

高效液相色谱法测定维生素K胶囊中维生素K2含量不确定度评估

目的评估高效液相色谱法测定维生素K胶囊中的维生素K_2含量的不确定度。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定维生素K胶囊中的维生素K_2含量,建立数学模型,对测定过程的主要不确定度分量进行计算,得出合成不确定度和扩展不确定度。结果维生素K胶囊中维生素K_2的含量为181.2μg/g时,在置信区间95%下,其扩展不确定度为7.5μg/g(k=2)。结论不确定度的主要来源为标准曲线配制的过程,该评估模型为维生素K胶囊中维生素K_2的含量测定的准确性提供了参考依据。     

直接检测式光接收机中的噪声分析

提出了基于窄带高斯过程的光接收机模型,改进了基于Karhunen-Loève变换的光接收机模型以包含波分复用（WDM）系统中的主要传输损伤. 得到了2种模型各自条件下判决电流的统计特征,并证明了2种方法在一定程度上是一致的. 所得解析结果与Monte-Carlo仿真结果精确吻合,可用于误码率的精确计算. 通过比较,说明高斯近似法估算的误码率过大,故其应用范围受到限制. 改进的Karhunen-Loève变换法具有很强的可扩展性,通过推广可以包含更多的因素,因此该方法可以作为IM-DD光传输系统性能精确评估的通用方法.     

窄带激光器调谐的光纤光栅波长移位解调

提出了一种窄带激光器程控调谐扫描的波长检测方案,运用LabVIEW虚拟仪器工作平台实现了窄带激光器的程控调谐扫描及波长检测信号处理.在温度传感应用的实验表明,该系统的温度-波长检测灵敏度为0.01nm/℃,测得光栅温度灵敏度系数为6.3×10-6/℃,系统的温度检测分辨率高于0.2℃,对应的波长分辨率优于2pm.     

Stability analysis of simply-supported rectangular plates under non-uniform uniaxial compression using rigorous and approximate plane stress solutions

The non-classical problem of buckling of a simply-supported rectangular plate due to various types of non-uniform compressive edge loads is analysed here. For each case, the elasticity solution for the internal in-plane stress field is obtained rigorously using a superposition of Airy's stress functions and also approximately using extended Kantorovich method. Subsequently, the convergent buckling loads are obtained using Galerkin's method. Results are presented to highlight the dependence of the total buckling load and the corresponding buckled shape on the edge load distribution, as well as to illustrate the applicability of the approximate plane stress solutions.