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1.
针对城市化对极端降水空间分布的影响问题,利用城市冠层模型结合WRF(weather research and forecasting)中尺度天气预报模式对河南省2021年“7·20”特大暴雨进行数值模拟,并结合国家级地面观测站实测降水数据对该模型的模拟精度进行了验证。结果表明,考虑城市冠层影响的耦合模型能更好地模拟出区域极端降水的强度和落区,与实测降水的空间分布更为接近,耦合模拟得到的平均降水量比未考虑城市冠层影响的模拟结果高12.1 mm;人工耗水改变了区域的水热耦合平衡,促进了城市区域对流性降水的形成。 相似文献
2.
河南省是中国重要的人口、农业、工业及能源消费大省,碳中和战略的实施对推动区域经济绿色低碳高质量发展、促进中国2060年碳中和愿景的实现具有重要意义。但长久以来煤炭主导的较单一能源结构导致河南省面临碳排放基数大、生态治理形势严峻、能源对外依存度持续增长、可再生能源开发程度低等关键问题。为此,详细梳理了河南省当前的能源供需结构、二氧化碳排放与林业碳汇情况,归纳出河南省碳中和目标导向下的七大行动方案,进而分析和预测能源发展多情景构想下的重点行业碳排放以及河南省碳中和的实现路径。研究结果表明:①河南省碳中和战略的实施主要受制于煤炭丰富但油气缺乏的资源禀赋、高耗能和第二产业占比过大等因素;②需同时从能源革命和经济结构深化调整两个方面着力,一方面侧重煤炭的减量替代和清洁化利用,发展风、光、生物质能等新能源和储能技术,优化森林结构以提升林业碳汇功能,另一方面引入高技术含量和高附加值的新兴产业,适当迁出部分金属冶炼、非金属矿物制品等传统高耗能高排放行业,提升工业和居民生活用能终端电气化水平;③按照既定政策(保守情景)、能源转型(参考情景)、激进取代(极端情景)3种情景预测河南省分别在2077、2056、2050年左右实现碳中和;④中国碳中和愿景的全面实现应鼓励重点省份、行业先行开展改革试点和探索创新,突出地方优势,形成各具特色的地方低碳发展模式。 相似文献
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4.
河南省土门萤石矿赋存于上元古界栾川群煤窑沟组地层中,地层岩性、构造及岩浆岩对萤石成矿有较强的控制作用。白云质大理岩因其化学成分富镁钙、缺硅,有利于萤石成矿。叠加发育于岩性接触面之上的断裂构造是成矿的有利条件,既是含矿热液运移的通道,同时为成矿物质富集成矿提供了有利空间。矿区内正长(斑)岩脉可能是成矿母岩。研究认为土门萤石矿床为(低温)热液充填脉状矿床。矿区内存在多次成矿,总体而言,萤石成矿在先,之后又有多次的成矿热液活动叠加,并形成了Mo、Pb、Zn等金属矿化。研究成果可为今后找矿勘查工作提供参考。 相似文献
5.
Recovering alcohols from dilute fermentation broth is an emergent task in bio-fuel production process. Since they are primary planned for fuels, energy required to separate these alcohols should be considered in evaluating the potential of a separation technology. A membrane-based process, pervaporation, is of special interest because of its environmental friendliness and easy integrating character. This review probes into the fundamentals of pervaporation especially in terms of the heat required for evaporation. Meanwhile, the separation data of the most representative alcohol-selective pervaporation membranes reported in the literatures are collected and compared with the vapor–liquid equilibrium curve, which represents the distillation selectivity. They include:inorganic membranes, silicon rubber based membranes, Mixed Matrix Membranes and some other special materials. By doing so, the status of alcohol recovery via pervaporation would be more clear for researchers.For ethanol recovery, it is selectivity rather than flux that is in urgent need of solution. While for butanol recovery,membranes with satisfactory selectivity have been developed, increasing the separation capacity would be more pressing. 相似文献
6.
The traditional gas purification techniques such as wet gas desulfurization, with their advantages of large-scale implementation and maturity, have still been widely used. However, the main drawback of these techniques is the low transfer efficiency, which normally needs towers as tall as tens of meters to remove the pollutants. Therefore, new technologies which could enhance the mass transfer efficiency and are less energy-intensive are highly desirable. As a process intensification technology, high-gravity technology, which is carried out in a rotating packed bed(RPB), has recently demonstrated great potential for industrial applications due to its high mass transfer efficiency, energy-saving, and smaller volume. This consequently provides higher efficiency in toxic gas removal, and can significantly reduce the investment and operation costs. In this review, the mechanism,characteristics, recent developments, and the industry applications of high-gravity technologies in gas purifications, such as hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic compounds and nanoparticle removal are discussed, most of the demonstration projects and practical application examples in gas purification come from China. The perspective and prospective of this technology in gas purification and other fields are also briefly discussed. 相似文献
7.
In this work, the effects of support surface pore structures(including surface pore size, surface pore density and surface porosity) on the performance of thin film composite(TFC) gas separation membrane over a wide pressure range(from 0.3 to 2.0 MPa) were studied. To fulfill it, the polysulfone(PSf) supports with different surface pore structures were prepared. Two kinds of wide-accepted polymeric membrane materials, i.e., polyvinylamine(PVAm) and Pebax 1657 copolymer, were used as skin layer materials. We pointed out for the first time that the support surface average pore size and pore density could affect the chain mobility of polymer of skin layer at the support surface pore entrance, then, can affect the TFC membrane performance. Besides, we also discussed the effects of support on the TFC membrane performance when the feed pressure changes for the first time. This work can provide guidance for choosing a suitable support for TFC gas separation membrane. 相似文献
8.
Khalid El Sheikh Mohammad Jakir Hossain Khan Mahar Diana Hamid Siddhartha Shrestha Brahim Si Ali G.A. Ryabov Lya A. Dolgushin Mohd Azlan Hussain Tatiana V. Bukharkina Elena A. Gorelova 《中国化学工程学报》2019,27(2):426-443
Fossil fuel combustion is one of the major means to meet the mounting global energy demand. However, the increasing NOx and N2O emissions arising from fossil fuel combustion process have hazardous effects. Thus, mitigating these gases is vital to attain a sustainable environment. Interestingly, oxy-fuel combustion in fluidized bed for carbon capture and minimized NOx emissions is strongly sustainable compare to the other approaches. It was assessed that NOx formation and fuel-N conversion have significant limitation under oxy-fluidized bed compared to air mode and the mechanism of NOx formation is still deficient and requires further development. In addition, this review paper discussed the potential of primary measure as low emission process with others supplementary techniques for feasible NOx reduction. The influences of combustion mode, operating parameters, and reduction techniques such as flue gas recirculation, oxygen staging, biomass co-firing, catalyst, influence of fluidized bed design and structure, decoupling combustion and their merges are respectively evaluated. Findings show that significant minimization of NOx emission can be achieved through combination of primary and secondary reduction techniques. 相似文献
9.
土木工程施工课程作为土木工程及工程管理专业的学科基础课和核心专业课程,在疫情防控期间"停课不停教""停课不停学"的要求下,通过线上平台进行授课。由于土木工程施工课程内容庞杂、综合性强、实践性强,且章节之间关联性较弱,探究既能使学生快速适应,又能保证教学质量的在线教学方法至关重要。以华南某高校土木工程施工课程为例,基于中国大学MOOC、建筑云课、腾讯课堂、QQ群等线上平台讲授教学内容,并运用问卷调查对课程线上教学效果进行评价。结果表明,线上教学为学生提供了丰富灵活的学习方式,显著提高了学生的自主学习能力,扩大了学生的知识面,达到了较好的学习效果。 相似文献
10.
为进一步明确河南烟区主要病毒种类及侵染类型,2020年从河南9个烟区分别采集疑似烟草普通花叶病毒(TMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)、马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)和烟草蚀纹病毒(TEV)侵染的烟草样本共407份,分别利用上述4种病毒的特异性引物进行单重RT-PCR病原检测。检测结果表明,河南烟区病毒病样本的总检出率为98.28%,其中,检出率最高的是CMV为89.19%,其余依次为TMV 63.88%、PVY 28.99%和TEV 24.32%。侵染类型分为单一病毒侵染和复合病毒侵染,单一病毒侵染率为23.34%,该侵染类型中CMV所占比例最高,为16.71%;复合病毒侵染率为74.94%,复合病毒侵染类型中CMV+TMV所占比例最高,为36.86%,其次分别为CMV+TMV+PVY和CMV+TEV+PVY两种侵染类型,侵染比例均是7.62%。因此,CMV是2020年河南烟区的优势病毒,田间侵染以复合病毒侵染为主,侵染类型主要有CMV+TMV、CMV+TMV+PVY及CMV+TEV+PVY。 相似文献