赴日无线电监测技术考察报告

首先介绍了日本总务省关东综合通信局电波监理部的情况，然后对日本安立公司生产的RR510A型无线电监测接收机和技术参数以及MS8609A型数字移动无线发射机测试仪的功能进行了分析和介绍。     

Geochemical characteristics of the Yufuin outflow plume, Beppu hydrothermal system, Japan

Thermal water at Yufuin (Kyushu Island, Japan) is tapped through about 820 shallow wells and used mainly for hot-spring bathing purposes. Chemical and isotopic data for fluids from wells and fumaroles in Yufuin and Beppu indicate that the thermal activity at Yufuin represents a dilute, westward-flowing hydrothermal outflow plume from the Beppu hydrothermal system. Two other (eastward-flowing) outflow plumes have long been recognized at Beppu, but the Yufuin outflow plume is first recognized here. The Yufuin outflow plume is apparently a mixture of two end-member fluids: (1) deep high-temperature (250–300°C) fluid from the Beppu system having high chloride concentration (1400–1600 mg/L) and a δ¹⁸O value near −6.0%, and (2) meteoric water having low chloride concentration (≤7 mg/L) and a δ¹⁸O value near −9.2%.A permeable conduit for the vertical and lateral transport of deep fluid from the Beppu system is provided by the Yufuin Fault zone, which extends westward from the southern flank of Mt. Tsurumi volcano to the town of Yufuin. Stable isotope ratios and chloride concentrations for shallow groundwaters near the eastern end of the fault, at an elevation near 700 m, are consistent with those required for the low-chloride meteoric end-member of the Yufuin thermal waters. Recharge of this meteoric water, as well as mixing with the Beppu deep fluid, may occur along the Yufuin Fault. Enthalpy-chloride relations indicate additional conductive heating of the Yufuin waters, in the amount of 350–500 kJ/kg beyond that which can be accounted for by mixing between Beppu deep fluid and meteoric water. This could be a result of conductive heating with convection to a depth of 1–2 km. Estimates of the magnitude of the heat source for the Beppu hydrothermal system should take into account the heat being discharged at Yufuin.     

日本水土保持见闻

通过考察日本的水土保持工作,文中在简明介绍日本水土保持工作的基础上,尤其着重介绍了日本的庭园水土保持,小流域的综合治理,治山绿化工程,水土保持科学研究和滑坡、泥石流防治工程等技术措施和方法。并提出了一些有益的建议;他们的经验有许多值得我们借鉴。     

高等教育财政来源的比较研究

高等教育财政是高等教育发展的必要条件和物质基础。美国、日本等发达国家之所以能在短时间内发展起来 ,不仅与重视教育尤其是高等教育有关 ,最重要的是形成了一套完整的高等教育管理制度和高等教育投资体系。学习和研究别国在高等教育投资方面的成功经验对于我国的高等教育财政体制改革具有借鉴作用。     

Differences in Dialysis Practice Are the Main Reasons for the High Mortality Rate in the United States Compared to Japan

The cumulative survival of Japanese hemodialysis patients is more than 2.5 times better than that of dialysis patients in the United States (U.S.). The difference is particularly pronounced in older patients, being 4 times better in patients over the age of 50 years. The mortality in U.S. patients has increased from 10 to 25% over the last three decades, but has remained stable at around 10% in Japan.
There is no obvious difference in patient selection. The Japanese accept almost as high a proportion of diabetic patients as does the United States, and the mean age of incident patients is higher in Japan.
Renal transplantation, virtually absent in Japan, should increase mortality in U.S. dialysis patients by removing patients with the highest probability of survival, but even if one adds surviving transplant patients and studies prevalent populations, the survival rate is much better in Japan. Genetic factors are unlikely to explain differences in mortality, as older Americans live much longer than older Japanese.
We speculate that the difference lies in the practice of dialysis. Patients in the United States are generally treated by much faster and shorter dialysis than in Japan. This puts a severe burden on the cardiovascular system of older patients, leading to the poorer survival rate. Japanese physicians also appear to be better trained in dialysis and to spend more time with their patients. The nursing shortage in the United States may also contribute to the increased mortality. Whatever the explanations, the U.S. dialysis community must work to equal and, hopefully, surpass the now superior survival of Japanese dialysis patients.     

日本锰质合金生产与锰矿石的消耗

本文全面介绍了日本近年特别是1990年锰矿石进口量和锰铁合金的生产情况。同时还介绍了锰质合金、电解金属锰和电解二氧化锰的进出口情况。日本1990年进口锰矿石143万t,高碳锰铁4.6万t,中、低碳锰铁0.3万t,硅锰21.8t。还列出了进口矿石和硬质合金来源国数量。此外,还介绍了日本重点锰质合金厂的产品。     

对日IT软件产业结构优化的研究

软件服务外包作为一个新型的软件产业方兴未艾,这种贸易方式加强了国际间的合作与区域性产业的互补。作为中国的近邻日本,这种互补方式的优势显得尤为突出。但是,由于中国外包企业的竞争力较弱、技术力量不够雄厚、企业规模尚未形成等弱点存在,大大制约着中国软件服务外包业的进一步发展。特别是随着诸多新兴接包国家和地区的崛起,使得中国所面临的竞争进一步加大,从前的低成本优势将得到削弱。这些都严重地制约着中国软件服务外包行业的健康发展。有序地调整以低端为主的产业结构,提高自主创新能力,加大服务外包在国家IT（Information Technology）产业中的比重,从而增强核心竞争力。     

Motivational bases of the public goods problem.

Compared 2 motivational bases for not contributing to a public good, desire to "free ride" (or greed) and fear of being a "sucker," among 110 Japanese undergraduates. It was hypothesized that these 2 types of motivation would be activated under different situations. When a public good was provided conjunctively, fear would have a strong effect but greed would not; when a public good was disjunctively provided, greed would have a strong effect but fear would not. In addition, it was predicted that the greater mutual trust existing among friends would make them contribute more than strangers would in the conjunctive condition but would make no difference in the disjunctive condition. Three types of production rules, in which a public good was conjunctively, disjunctively, or additively produced on the basis of members' contributions, were experimentally created. Half of the groups in each condition consisted of total strangers, and the other half consisted of friends. The hypotheses were supported when the size of the public good (bonus points) was relatively large. Also, Ss responded similarly in the conjunctive condition and in the additive condition. (25 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)