基于OAV和AEDA对工夫红茶的PLSR分析

采用顶空蒸汽蒸馏提取结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术及气相色谱-嗅闻技术,对4种中国工夫红茶进行定性、定量分析。根据香气成分的香气活力值和芳香萃取物稀释分析分别筛选出30、36种挥发性成分作为香气成分,结合2种方法确定22种香气成分为工夫红茶的香气关键成分,并将其与感官属性和红茶样品进行偏最小二乘法相关性分析。确定对工夫红茶香气起重要作用的22种关键香气物质为:1-戊醇、叶醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、反式氧化芳樟醇、芳樟醇、顺-6-壬烯醇、香叶醇、苯甲醇、苯乙醇、橙花叔醇、戊醛、己醛、反-2-己烯醛、糠醛、(反,反)-2,4-庚二烯醛、苯乙醛、(反,反)-2,4-癸二烯醛、水杨酸甲酯、丙位-壬内酯、2,3-丁二酮、2-庚酮和香豆素。     

Research on Chromium Retrieval of Black Soil with Hyperspectral Imagery in Northeast of China#br#

According to the definition of spectral integral，a new spectral characteristic parameter，with the name Reversed Spectral Absorption Integral(RSAI)，is proposed and used to retrieve the chromium content based on the Partial Least Squares Regression(PLSR) model.The contrastive study with other traditional spectral characteristic parameters，including differential transformation，inverse transformation，absorption area，etc.indicates that(1) the first derivation of square root transformed model can predict the chromium content quantitatively in terms of spectral transformations.(2) the stability of the absorption area model is slightly poor，and the chromium content of samples can only be estimated roughly.(3) However，as to the inversed spectral absorption integral model，the adjustment determination coefficient(Ad-R²) of the modeling and verification is 0.73 and 0.77，while the Root Mean Squared Error(RMSE) is 2.63 mg/kg and 2.36 mg/kg respectively with Relative Percent Deviation(RPD) being 3.21，which shows that the RSAI model has excellent prediction ability.So，the inversed spectral absorption integral new model can improve the accuracy and stability used to retrieve the chromium content，which provides a new idea for monitoring the chromium contamination in soil.     

基于PLSR分析氨基酸对市售卷烟感官品质的影响

对10种市售成品卷烟进行游离氨基酸、总氨基酸含量检测以及感官评吸,采用PLSR方法进行相关性分析发现:游离氨基酸与大部分品质特征指标呈负相关,其中天冬氨酸、组氨酸和苏氨酸对舒适感特性各指标的影响最大,谷氨酸和苯丙氨酸次之;苏氨酸对烟气特性各指标的影响最大,谷氨酸和组氨酸次之。说明适量降低烟草中游离氨基酸的含量可以提高卷烟感官品质。总氨基酸对成品卷烟感官品质的影响不如游离氨基酸明显。     

PLSR modelling of quality changes of lager and malt beer during storage

The aim of this research was to create mathematical models for describing the changes in beer properties by using two chemometric methods applied on the experimental data. The models are intended to be useful and trustworthy for calculating four beer properties based on three easily measured ones. For that purpose, lager and malt beer were packaged in glass bottles, while lager beer was also packaged in polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Samples were placed at room temperature in the dark for 6 months. Fifteen physical and chemical properties of the beer were measured before bottling, immediately after bottling and once per month for the next 6 months. Standard MEBAK and Analytica‐EBC methods of analysis were applied. During the 6 month period, seven properties changed >1%. Two partial least squares regression methods [polynomial regression, partial least squares regression with polynomial regression (PLSR‐PR) and response surface method (PLSR‐RSM)] were used for modelling the relationships amongst multivariate measurements. Models with high statistical significance were determined and two PLSR methods were compared. Both chemometric methods were found to be suitable for modelling physical and chemical changes in the beers during their commercial shelf‐life. The PLS‐RSM method was found to be the more precise and confident method in describing property changes for lager and malt beer in glass bottles, while the polynomial regression model was found to be better for the lager beer packaged in PET. The R² values determined for polynomial regression model were up to 0.939, while for the random surface method model the values were up to 1.000. Copyright © 2016 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

烟叶多元酸和高级脂肪酸分析及其对感官品质的影响

为明确湖南烟区烟叶原料多元酸和高级脂肪酸含量及其与感官品质的关系,采用非衍生化方法的气相色谱法对湖南烟区3个区县,不同部位的7种烟叶样品的多元酸和高级脂肪酸含量进行检测,发现7种烟叶原料,多元酸中丙酸含量最高,其次是3-甲基戊酸和2-甲基丁酸,高级脂肪酸中十六酸含量最高,再次是亚油酸和油酸;同时发现,这些多元酸和高级脂肪酸在上部烟叶中的含量高于中部烟叶;采用偏最小二乘回归分析(PLSR)方法对烟叶中多元酸和高级脂肪酸含量与感官品质相关性进行了分析。结果表明,多元酸含量越高,提香越明显,口腔刺激感越低且透发性越强,而高级脂肪酸仅仅可以提高烟叶抽吸劲头,但不利于其他感官指标。     

中温发酵酸乳的游离氨基酸、脂肪酸和感官特性的研究

采用正交设计试验研究了球杆菌比例、全脂乳浓度、发酵终点以及蔗糖添加量对中温发酵酸乳的风味和游离氨基酸、脂肪酸含量的影响。以9个不同的酸乳工艺配方为研究对象,采用主成分分析法(PCA)研究了不同样品的感官特征和游离氨基酸,脂肪酸含量。采用偏最小二乘回归分析法(PLSR)研究了感官结果和仪器测定结果的相关性。结果表明,球杆菌比例和全脂乳浓度是影响奶香味酸味、游离氨基酸量,脂肪酸量的重要因素。偏最小二乘回归分析表明酸乳气味与脂肪酸相关性较强,而风味和余味与游离氨基酸相关性强。