Open innovation in Russian state-owned enterprises

ABSTRACT

This paper studies open innovation practices in Russian state-owned enterprises (SOEs). In 2011, the Russian Government set ambitious goals in science, technology and innovation, and uses its large SOEs as channels to achieve these targets. These initiatives focus on the collaboration among innovation actors and introduce open innovation (OI) principles. Based on a large-scale innovation survey, we compare private enterprises to state-owned peers and present selected case studies. Our data support the claim that Russian SOEs are driving the demand for technology and mainly absorb incoming OI activities. Different to their peers, SOEs extend their OI activities to the country’s knowledge producers, such as research and technology organisations (RTOs), and leading universities. They work on incorporating scientific knowledge that could, indeed, hold the key to globally competitive technological innovations, but also have better capabilities to include business partners.

Abbreviation : OI: Open innovation; SOE: State-owned enterprise; RTO: Research and technology organisation; STI: Science, technology and innovation.     

Upgrading Siberian (Russia) crude oil by hydrodesulfurization in a slurry reactor: A kinetic study

Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of sour crude oil is an effective way to address the corrosion problems in refineries, and is an economic way to process sour crude oil in an existing refinery built for sweet oil. In the current study, the HDS of Siberian crude oil was carried out in a slurry reactor. The Co–Mo, Ni–Mo, and Ni–W catalysts supported on γ-Al₂O₃ were compared at the temperature of 340 °C and the pressure of 4.5 MPa. The HDS activity follows the order of Co–Mo > Ni–Mo > Ni–W at a high concentration of H₂S, and the difference between Co–Mo and Ni–Mo becomes insignificant at a low concentration of H₂S. The influence of reaction temperature 320–360 °C and reaction pressure 3–5.5 MPa was investigated, and both play a positive role in the HDS reaction. A kinetic model over Ni–Mo/Al₂O₃ in the slurry reactor was established. The activation energy is estimated as 60.34 kJ·mol⁻¹; the orders of sulfur components and hydrogen partial pressure are 1.43 and 1.30, respectively. The kinetic parameters are compared with those in a trickle-bed reactor, implying that the mass transfer is greatly enhanced in the slurry reactor. The back mixing effect is present in the slurry reactor and can be reduced by a multi-stage design, which would lead to higher reactor efficiency in industrial application.     

新型刨煤机组

简要介绍了俄罗斯联邦主要煤炭产区使用刨煤机开采薄煤层的依据和主要优点，详细叙述了ＫＭ－１３７ＣＸＢ刨煤机组及配套的Ｍ－１３７型组合式支架和紧凑型刨煤装置的结构特点，列出了机组的主要技术参数。     

十八世纪俄罗斯建筑艺术中的“中国”情调

17至18世纪，在欧洲及俄罗斯掀起了一股崇尚中国情调和仿效中国艺术的热潮，谓之“中国风”。文中考察了俄罗斯建筑艺术和造型艺术中出现中国形象的文化历史背景；用历史资料和图片展示了圣彼得堡及其郊区部分建筑艺术的中国风格；比较了俄罗斯建筑中的中式风格与中国传统建筑风格的差异，并分析研究了产生其差异的原因。研究成果丰富了中俄建筑艺术、文化、美学史的内容，有利于巩固和扩大俄中俄两国文化合作方面的友好联系。     

SINOPEC Invests for Overseas Expension

Sinope buys out Lukoil from Kazakh Venture
China further strengthened its position in oil-rich Kazakhstan with its state firm Sinopec paying US$1.2 billion to buy out Russia＇s No.2 oil producer Lukoil from a venture there. Sinopec, Asia＇s largest oil refiner, will become the sole owner of Caspian Investment Resources Ltd, after the deal is completed before the end of 2014.     

Bridge over broadway

Abstract

In the middle of the 19th century, traffic congestion on the streets of New York City's commercial districts was, as it remains today, a major problem. Getting around town was especially difficult for pedestrians. Numerous solutions to ease the situation were proposed. One popular idea that had been discussed for years was finally tried in 1867. A bridge for pedestrians was built spanning the intersection of Broadway and Fulton Street in the heart of crowded lower Manhattan. Officially called the Broadway Bridge it became more commonly known as the ‘Loew Bridge’ after City Alderman Charles E. Loew, a major proponent of the project. As successful and practical as the bridge might have been it was removed a year following its erection. Its short life has been attributed to Knox, the famous hatter, who, with a store on one corner of the intersection and competition all around him, apparently felt it was a deterrent to business. According to one newspaper account, a sign was hung on the bridge just before its demolition that read, ‘This bridge has been Loew for some time, Hard Knox killed it.’     

近30年来俄罗斯石油工业发展概述

俄罗斯是世界石油资源最丰富的国家之一,也是世界上最大的产油国之一。近30年来,俄罗斯石油工业的发展起伏跌宕。20世纪80年代末,石油产量达到高峰期,进入90年代,由于苏联解体,机构改革,加之许多大型油田进入开发后期,资金投入减少,致使石油产量下降。跨入21世纪后,俄罗斯逐渐形成新的经济体制,加大了对油田勘探资金投入,并积极采用增产措施,使石油产量迅速提高,2009年,石油产量已经达到了历史最高水平。本文在对俄罗斯石油工业现状分析的基础上,对俄罗斯大型石油公司在国家石油工业发展历程中所起的鼎力作用进行了解读。     

俄罗斯非制冷微测辐射热计红外热成像系统的发展状况

简单介绍了俄罗斯在非制冷微测辐射热计红外热成像系统领域的基本状况,“旋风”中央科学技术研究所完全能代表俄罗斯在该领域的发展水平,详细介绍了该研究所开发的多款非制冷微测辐射热计红外热成像系统,最后分析了俄罗斯在非制冷微测辐射热计红外热成像系统领域的发展特点.     

俄罗斯及独联体国家玻璃市场分析

主要对俄罗斯、乌克兰、摩尔多瓦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、哈萨克斯坦、拉脱维亚、立陶宛等独联体国家的平板玻璃市场进行了分析。     

世界钾资源研究系列之二——国外典型钾盐公司概况

世界钾盐资源分布的严重不均形成了世界钾盐市场的高度垄断局面,简述了全球九大钾盐生产企业情况,主要介绍了世界第一、二、八大钾盐公司—加拿大Potashcorp公司、俄罗斯乌拉尔钾肥公司(Uralkali)、约旦阿拉伯钾盐公司(APC)三家公司的资源概况、采矿、选矿工艺、生产运营等情况,为我国企业更好的了解国外市场,并积极走出去提供信息支持。