Productivity and costs of slash bundling in Nordic conditions

The number of slash bundlers and the volume of slash bundling have been rapidly increasing during the last few years in Finland. However, no comprehensive time or follow-up studies have been carried out on slash bundling technology in Finland or in any other country. Metsäteho Oy carried out studies on the productivity and costs of slash bundling in different Nordic recovering conditions. The study methods included both time and follow-up studies. Data were collected during the summer and winter period primarily in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) dominated clear cutting sites. The bundling techniques performed by different types of bundler (Fiberpac 370, Timberjack 1490D, Pika RS 2000, Valmet WoodPac) were studied.

The average productivity of slash bundling was 18.1 bundles per operating (E₁₅, including delays shorter than 15 min) hour with the Timberjack 1490D and Fiberpac 370 bundlers in the follow-up study. The operator of the slash bundler had the greatest effect on the productivity of bundling. The prerequisite for increased bundling volumes is a reduction in the costs of the most expensive sub-stage of the bundling supply chain, i.e. bundling itself. This requires improved recovery conditions at bundling sites, increased bundling productivity, larger sized bundles, and the execution of bundling operations in two work shifts using an efficient bundler and effective operator working methods. Implementation of these development measures will bring the bundling supply chain up to a speed that makes it the most competitive supply chain for forest chips in terms of total supply costs for long-distance transportation distances of more than 60 km.     

添加剂硫对Ni-Mn-Co粉末触媒合成金刚石的影响

本研究考察了高温高压条件下添加剂硫对Ni-Mn-Co粉末触媒合成金刚石的影响，并在此基础上，考察了含硫金刚石的机械性能。研究表明：硫对Ni70Mn25Co5粉末触媒合成金刚石的成核有明显的抑制作用，随着硫含量的增加，成核呈减少趋势；添加剂硫影响晶体的颜色和晶形，随添加剂含量的增加，晶体的颜色呈加深趋势，硫的添加使晶体的表面出现孔洞缺陷，当硫含量较低时，孔洞缺陷多分布在（100）晶面上，当硫含量较高时，（111）晶面上也出现孔洞，致使晶体的完整性受到制约；添加剂硫影响金刚石的机械性能，随着添加剂硫含量的增加，含硫金刚石的冷冲击强度（TI）和热冲击强度（TTI）呈明显的下降趋势。     

计算机作战仿真中关于网络数据传输量问题的研究

计算机作战仿真已成为高技术条件下进行武器装备论证、武器性能评估、作战人员训练、战术战法研究甚至国家战略决策等不可或缺的一个环节。该文在介绍计算机作战仿真基本概念的基础上 ,重点讨论了分布式交互仿真中如何减少网络数据传输量的问题 ,提出了几种解决问题的技术 ,其中 ,重点介绍了DR算法的应用。     

HSUPA技术实现及其应用分析

HSUPA作为继HSDPA后又一个增强的数据解决方案,在全球多媒体发展、视频监控以及移动VoIP升温的脚步声中,走入运营商的视野,受到业界的广泛关注。文章介绍了HSUPA的关键技术,详细分析了HSUPA的引入对网络带来的影响,对网络规划带来的影响。最后给出HSUPA的应用部署前景。     

LTE系统物理广播信道解码算法分析与优化

本文首先介绍了下行广播信道编码过程和PBCH的信道结构,以及PBCH解码的必要性,然后结合PBCH的结构特点,提出一种离线buffer数据的方式;该方案以平衡PBCH解码的可靠性和有效性为目标,将一帧的数据多次利用,在有限的一帧时间内进行多种可能情况的盲检测尝试。最后对该算法的虚警误检概率进行仿真分析,并根据分析结果提出优化方案,该优化方案虽然降低了解码的有效性,但是明显的提高了解码的可靠性,而且在降低PBCH解码虚警误检概率的同时提高系统的鲁棒性。     

基于波前构建法的TTI介质射线追踪

射线(群速度)方向与旅行时梯度(相速度)方向不一致,使得TTI介质的射线追踪变得非常困难。传统的以弹性参数表示的各向异性射线追踪系统比各向同性条件下要复杂得多,而且在每一步都要求通过解特征值问题来计算极化矢量,使得整个射线追踪过程相当耗时。鉴于此,本文引入一种用相速度和群速度重构的射线追踪系统,该射线追踪系统与各向同性条件下的完全相似,从而简化了TTI介质的射线追踪问题。在综合考虑多种走时计算方法的优劣后,选择波前构建法进行射线追踪和波前传播的计算。将简化的射线追踪系统与波前构建法的优势相结合,得到了简单、高效的TTI介质射线追踪方法,并通过模型试算验证了此法的可行性。     

三维TTI介质弹性波相、群速度的近似配方表征法

TTI介质弹性波相速度可以通过求解Christoffel方程得到,其精确式往往比较复杂,难以运用。为此,从Thomsen各向异性参数表征的TTI介质弹性波精确三维相速度表达式出发,利用近似配方法推导了TTI介质qP波和qSV波三维相速度的近似公式;将其代入Berryman的群速度表征中,得到了qP波和qSV波群速度的近似公式。理论分析和数值计算表明,基于近似配方法的相、群速度表达式在一定范围内与精确值吻合较好,能够适用于中强各向异性情况,且Thomsen参数ε与δ越接近,其精度越高;沿TTI介质对称轴方向和垂直对称轴方向的速度误差最小,而与对称轴呈45°方向误差相对较大;在相同各向异性强度下,qP波相、群速度误差一般要小于qSV波。     

Application of a TTI-based Distribution Management System for Quality Optimization of Frozen Vegetables at the Consumer End

The applicability of Time Temperature Integrators (TTI) for frozen chain management was assessed. Shelf life kinetics indices of frozen green peas and white mushrooms and response kinetics of suitable enzymatic TTI were used to confirm the monitoring effectiveness of TTI, in a controlled field test with 200 products. Comparison to actual measurements of quality indices showed that TTI response provides a reliable indication of the relative quality status of the products. The potential of Least Shelf‐Life First Out (LSFO) system, a TTI based management system for frozen product distribution and stock rotation, was demonstrated by Monte Carlo technique that showed consistent, acceptable quality and minimization of rejected products at the consumer end.     

Transmission of Traffic Information Using a Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcasting System

This letter introduces an efficient transmission of traffic information through a terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting system, which is a multimedia and mobility empowered option of the European digital audio broadcasting system. By adapting Korean characteristic traffic information into the transport protocol expert group messages in the traffic information delivery, a highly efficient traffic information system was implemented and tested in Korea.     

HSUPA终端射频测试介绍

分析了HSUPA的新增物理信道和关键技术,介绍了HSUPA相关射频测试,对HSUPA测试进行了总结。