明代贵州卫所屯堡聚落形制初探——兼与长城和海防沿线卫所比较

明朝初年推行卫所制度,短时期内在全国范围建立了各级卫所屯堡聚落,贵州不少城镇的形成均来源于此。与都司一卫一千户所一百户所的军事层级相对应,因为驻扎军士数量、承担功能、所处位置的不同,各层级的聚落也形成了不同的形制。文章以贵州卫所屯堡聚落体系为研究对象,基于地方志材料以及实地调研踏勘,讨论明代卫所制度下贵州都司城-卫城-千户所城-(百户所)屯堡等各层级聚落的总体规模及大致布局。研究表明,各级卫所聚落在规模上呈现明显的层级缩减态势,各级聚落基本为方形城垣,其中的道路、官署、城门等也受层级影响。最后将贵州卫所屯堡聚落与北方长城沿线、东部海防沿线的卫所聚落进行了初步比较。     

河湟土族新型庄廓低技建构模式研究

针对河湟土族民居当前紧迫的发展问题,从土族庄廓功能-空间、材料-构造的现代转型过程中,寻找形式变与不变的合理轨迹,研究尚有活力的传统形式的现代化模式,探索广泛适用的现代形式的土族化模式,创作既具有现代建筑气息,又继承传统建筑文化的土族新型庄廓。     

由杜甫对六朝文学之认同论杜诗之“变”

在对六朝文学的认识上,杜甫与同时代主流观点不同,对庾信、鲍照、阴铿等诗人作家的成就予以肯定,在诗歌创作上也深受六朝文学影响,同时又变化而不失其正。文章试从杜甫对六朝文学的接受来论证为何明清以来诗评家以变来形容杜诗,以及诗之变的意义的发展。     

深水平井钻井技术探讨

通过对西部油田１０余口深水平井钻井工程技术攻关和现场应用试验，形成了包括优化工程设计、井眼轨迹控制、安全钻井和钻井液体系的一整套深水平井钻井工艺技术，并创造了多项水平井钻井的全国纪录。多数试验井经试油获１０００ｔ／ｄ以上的高产，取得了显著的社会经济效益。     

长征路上的盐运重镇——贵州土城

位于赤水河上的贵州土城镇历史悠久,数百年来,一直是赤水河上川盐人黔的重要码头和商埠,建筑处处都留有盐业和航运业的投影.以传统民居为代表的土城镇,凝聚着丰满而深厚的文化底蕴,体现了黔北小镇民居的特点和淳朴的建筑风格.其优美的自然人文景观、永恒的长征文化和灿烂的历史文化,为解读黔北风情民俗提供了宝贵的实证,具有重要的文物旅游价值.     

《陶冶图说》制瓷技术理论化的特点及价值

《陶冶图说》系统全面、图文并茂的记述了清代前期景德镇地区成熟的制瓷技术,是研究景德镇陶瓷技术的重要科技文献。本文从技术理论化的角度,研究《陶冶图说》图文中制瓷技术理论化呈现出的特征及其体现的价值。     

甘肃天祝土族的主要民俗活动?

甘肃天祝土族的民俗活动丰富多样，且具有浓厚的民族特色，载歌载舞的形式是甘肃天祝土族民俗活动的最大特点。从传统节会里的民俗、婚礼民俗、体育民俗三方面论述甘肃天祝土族的多个民俗活动。     

读《秋庭婴戏图》品和谐之音

《秋庭婴戏图》是苏汉臣创作婴戏题材成熟时期的传世精品之一,整幅作品构图独特,形象生动,色彩和谐绚丽。每次研读此画都会有新的感受,新的启发。作者精心地塑造了清新可人的婴童形象,巧妙地表现了舒适安逸的秋庭意趣。仔细研读画面各个部分虽似独自绽放,但"势不同而意相近",每一个生命都在静静地守候着自己的位置,把握着自己的音符,在整个乐章中轻轻地附和着,繁而有序地共同演绎着和谐的艺术乐章。     

The ‘People’s City’

The mid-20th-century communist ideal was for cities that were ‘of the people, by the people and for the people’. Wang Jun , an editor at Outlook Weekly magazine and author of a best-selling book on the planning of Beijing, describes how the ambition to accommodate public life in urban space is a relatively modern phenomenon that goes against the grain of a long tradition of landownership in China. Given this background, can the original notion of the ‘People's City’ ultimately survive the current wave of property privatisation? Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

DNA Arrays and Membrane Hybridization Methods for Screening of Six Lactobacillus Species Common in Food Products

Dot blot and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) array hybridization assays for the traceability of Lactobacillus species in food have been developed to monitor and validate typical food products. A primer set was designed to amplify the 540-bp region located at +157 of the tuf (Elongation factor Tu) gene of the Lactobacillus genus. An oligonucleotide array, containing 73 Lactobacillus species-specific tuf sequences representing 21 species, was developed and tested for identifying L. paracasei, L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, and L. buchneri. We also tested a rapid screening method for monitoring the species present in airy samples. Dot blot hybridization identified polymerase chain reaction amplicons immobilized on nylon membranes, using six tuf-based cyanine-3-labeled 18-mer oligonucleotides, specific for L. paracasei, L. zeae, L. fermentum, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, and L. buchneri. This method discriminates between multiple species of Lactobacilli isolated directly from cheese samples, simultaneously. The tuf gene sequences, verified here with the DNA array method and used in dot blot hybridization, were shown to be a reliable tool for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of four Lactobacillus species. The hybridization techniques developed in this study may be useful in food processing and the analysis of food origin traceability.