VIIRS中波红外地表双向反射率反演算法研究

中波红外(mid-infrared,MIR)是目前地球观测中热点研究的光谱区域,相比于可见光具有很多优势。中波红外反射率在叶生物量估算、不同植被类型区分等方面得到了广泛的应用。但由于在白天时卫星传感器接收到的辐射能量存在反射与发射能量耦合的问题,使得中波红外数据的利用存在一些困难。本文通过类似劈窗技术的计算模型计算出无太阳辐射时地表亮温T0g,并结合中波红外辐射传输模型推导出了适用于VIIRS中波红外地表双向反射率的反演模型。结果表明：反射率理论反演值与实际值较吻合,在太阳天顶角为0°时RMSE仅为0.009;反演模型受气象因子和仪器噪声的影响很小,在实际应用中可以忽略。     

基于VIIRS数据洪泽湖悬浮物浓度估算算法研究

基于2012~2015年洪泽湖4次星地同步试验数据,建立了较高精度的水体悬浮物浓度单波段(671 nm)模型(R~2=0.74,RMSE=8.58 mg/L),并进行了验证(R~2=0.72,RMSE=11.98 mg/L);然后,将该算法成功应用到了2012~2015年464景VIIRS无云影像上.结果表明,洪泽湖悬浮物浓度呈现春夏低、秋冬高的季节特征和东、中部高,西、北部低的空间分布特征;在年际变化尺度上,悬浮物浓度年均值呈现较小的减少趋势.总体来说,VIIRS在浑浊水体悬浮物浓度上表现了较好的探测能力,在湖泊水色遥感领域具有较大潜力.     

Analyzing Regional Inequality of Socioeconomic Development in China with Nighttime Light

Satellite\|derived nighttime light (NTL)data have been extensively used as an efficient proxy measure for monitoring urbanization dynamics and socioeconomic activity.This is because remotely sensed NTL signals can be quantitatively connected to demographic and socioeconomic variables.The recently composited cloud\|free NTL imagery derived from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)provides spatially detailed observations of human settlements.We quantitatively estimated socioeconomic development inequalities across 30 provinces andmunicipalities in mainland China using VIIRS NTL data associated with both regional gross domestic product (GDP)and population census data.We quantitatively investigated relations between NTL,GDP,and population using a linear regression model.Our results suggest that NTL have significant positive correlations with GDP and population at different levels.Several inequality coefficients were derived from VIIRS data and statistical data at multiple spatial scales.NTL\|derived inequality coefficients enabled us to elicit more detailed information on differences in regional development at multiple levels.Our study of provinces and municipalities revealed that county\|level inequality was more significant than city\|level.The results of population\|weighted NTL inequality indicate an obvious regional disparity with NTL distribution being more unequal in China’s undeveloped western regions compared with eastern regions.Our findings suggest that given the timely and spatially explicit advantages of VIIRS,NTL data are capable of providing comprehensive information regarding inequality at multiple levels,which is not possible through the use of traditional statistical sources.     

Comparison between current and future environmental satellite imagers on cloud classification using MODIS

Future Satellite Imagers are expected to improve current ones on environmental and meteorological applications. In this study, an automatic classification scheme using radiance measurements with a clustering method is applied in an attempt to compare the capability on cloud classification by different sensors: AVHRR/3, the current GOES-12 Imager, SEVIRI, VIIRS, and ABI. The MODIS cloud mask is used as the initial classification. The results are analyzed with the help of true color and RGB composite images as well as other information about surface and cloud types. Results indicate that the future sensors (ABI and VIIRS) provide much better overall cloud classification capabilities than their corresponding current sensors (the current GOES-12 Imager and AVHRR/3) from the two chosen demonstration cases. However, for a specific class, it is not always true that more spectral bands result in better classification. In order to optimally use the spectral information, it is necessary to determine which bands are more sensitive for a specific class. Spatial resolution and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of satellite sensors can significantly affect the classification. The 2.13 μm band could be useful for thin low cloud detection and the 3.7 μm band is useful for fresh snow detection.     

Multi-platform comparisons of MODIS and AVHRR normalized difference vegetation index data

The relationship between AVHRR-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values and those of future sensors is critical to continued long-term monitoring of land surface properties. The follow-on operational sensor to the AVHRR, the Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), will be very similar to the NASA Earth Observing System's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. NDVI data derived from visible and near-infrared data acquired by the MODIS (Terra and Aqua platforms) and AVHRR (NOAA-16 and NOAA-17) sensors were compared over the same time periods and a variety of land cover classes within the conterminous United States. The results indicate that the 16-day composite NDVI values are quite similar over the composite intervals of 2002 and 2003, and linear relationships exist between the NDVI values from the various sensors. The composite AVHRR NDVI data included water and cloud masks and adjustments for water vapor as did the MODIS NDVI data. When analyzed over a variety of land cover types and composite intervals, the AVHRR derived NDVI data were associated with 89% or more of the variation in the MODIS NDVI values. The results suggest that it may be possible to successfully reprocess historical AVHRR data sets to provide continuity of NDVI products through future sensor systems.     

基于VIIRS传感器的场地反射率测量精度的验证

反射率基法是目前最常用、最有效的可见光近红外通道在轨辐射定标方法。在该方法中,准确的场地反射率测量是得到高精度定标结果的重要前提之一。利用双光谱仪法进行了野外地物反射率时间序列测量,避免了用传统测量方法可能出现的辐射条件不一致问题。用中心区和高反区场地反射率测量值对VIIRS传感器的表观反射率进行了模拟,并将VIIRS可见光近红外9个通道(I1、I2、M1～M7)的卫星观测表观反射率值与6S辐射传输模型模拟值进行了对比。除M6通道外(水汽吸收),相对偏差均在3%以内,验证了场地反射率测量的准确性。     

基于海表耀斑中红外基准NPP/VIIRS反射通道在轨验证

将美国NPP卫星可见光红外成像辐射仪(Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer,VIIRS)的中红外通道(中心波长3.697μm)作为检验基准,使用菲涅尔反射定理建立中红外和被验证通道的海表反射率关系,对四个太阳反射通道(中心波长位于0.672、0.862、1.238和1.602μm)进行了基于海水表面耀斑区反射率精度验证并深入分析该方法的不确定度.结果表明:VIIRS四个通道的验证不确定度分别为3.8%、3.9%、4.1%和4.1%,这一方法可实现VIIRS部分光学通道的在轨较高精度验证.