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1.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) represents a paradigm of precision medicine. Indeed, in the last decades, the introduction of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) completely revolutionized the therapeutic approach to this previously highly fatal disorder. This entirely chemotherapy-free treatment, which provided excellent survival rates, has been initially validated in adults and, recently, translated in the pediatric setting. This review summarizes currently available data on the use of ATRA and ATO combination in pediatric APL, providing a particular focus on peculiar issues and challenges, such as the occurrence of pseudotumor cerebri and death during induction (early death), as well as the advantage offered by the ATO/ATRA combination in sparing long-term sequelae.  相似文献   
2.
目的 了解农村儿童监护人对儿童规避食品安全风险能力的影响现状及其影响因素,为探索儿童监护人如何参与农村儿童食品安全社会共治提供参考。方法 本调查采用分层随机抽样方法对我国7省/自治区抽取5 611个农村家庭进行实地问卷调研,并使用有序probit模型对农村监护人对儿童规避食品安全风险能力的影响进行了实证分析。结果 祖辈监护下的儿童反而比双亲监护下的儿童体现出更强的规避食品安全风险能力,相比于双亲监护,祖辈监护下的儿童具有强规避能力的概率上升6.94%,具有中等规避能力的概率下降6.48%,具有弱规避能力的概率下降0.46%。监护人疏忽型教养态度比溺爱、无知等消极教养态度更加显著降低儿童规避不安全食品的能力。结论 农村监护人对儿童规避食品安全风险能力的影响呈现复杂性,监护人类型、教养态度和规避食品安全风险能力均显著影响儿童的规避能力,研究建议相关部门应全面建立面向农村儿童监护人的食品安全风险交流策略,助力农村儿童食品安全社会共治。  相似文献   
3.
Coeliac disease (CD) and Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are immune-mediated diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that dysbiosis in the gut microbiome plays a role in the pathogenesis of both diseases and may also be associated with the development of neuropathy. The primary goal in this cross-sectional pilot study was to identify whether there are distinct gut microbiota alterations in children with CD (n = 19), T1DM (n = 18) and both CD and T1DM (n = 9) compared to healthy controls (n = 12). Our second goal was to explore the relationship between neuropathy (corneal nerve fiber damage) and the gut microbiome composition. Microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Corneal confocal microscopy was used to determine nerve fiber damage. There was a significant difference in the overall microbial diversity between the four groups with healthy controls having a greater microbial diversity as compared to the patients. The abundance of pathogenic proteobacteria Shigella and E. coli were significantly higher in CD patients. Differential abundance analysis showed that several bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) distinguished CD from T1DM. The tissue transglutaminase antibody correlated significantly with a decrease in gut microbial diversity. Furthermore, the Bacteroidetes phylum, specifically the genus Parabacteroides was significantly correlated with corneal nerve fiber loss in the subjects with neuropathic damage belonging to the diseased groups. We conclude that disease-specific gut microbial features traceable down to the ASV level distinguish children with CD from T1DM and specific gut microbial signatures may be associated with small fiber neuropathy. Further research on the mechanisms linking altered microbial diversity with neuropathy are warranted.  相似文献   
4.
Mastocytosis is characterized by the pathological accumulation of mast cells (MC) in various organs. In these patients, MC may degranulate and thereby contribute to clinical symptoms, especially when a concomitant allergy is present. However, MC activation can not only be induced by high-affinity receptors for IgE, but also by anaphylatoxins, neuropeptides, IgG immune complexes, complement-components, drugs, products of bacteria or parasites, as well as physical factors such as heat, cold, vibration, stress, sun, or physical effort. Symptoms due to mediators released by activated MC may develop in adults suffering from systemic mastocytosis, but also evolve in children who usually have cutaneous mastocytosis (CM). Clinically, CM is otherwise characterized by typical brown, maculopapular skin lesions or mastocytoma associated with a positive Darier’s sign. Pruritus and flushing are common and blistering may also be recorded, especially in diffuse CM (DCM). Pediatric patients with mastocytosis may also have gastrointestinal, respiratory, and neurologic complaints. Although anaphylaxis is not a typical finding, pediatric patients with massive skin involvement and high tryptase levels have a relatively high risk to develop anaphylaxis. This paper reviews MC mediator-related symptoms and anaphylaxis in children with mastocytosis, with special emphasis on risk factors, triggers, and management.  相似文献   
5.
陈喆 《纺织报告》2021,(2):102-105
如今,国内外众多童装品牌已将童装设计的重点向成人时装靠拢。文章对童装"成人化"现象的成因和市场现状进行了分析,认为中西方文化存在差异,且儿童在不同年龄段的心理、生理特征都是不一样的。因此,总结了"成人化"童装的利与弊,在进行童装设计的过程中,应当在保障儿童身心健康的同时兼顾审美,依照童装市场的设计规则,合理、适度地将"成人化"融入童装设计中,希望通过对童装"成人化"现象的探究和分析,引起童装企业和童装设计者的思考,对国内童装事业起到积极的推动作用。  相似文献   
6.
We conducted a randomized trial of portable HEPA air cleaners with pre-filters designed to also reduce NH3 in non-smoking homes of children age 6-12 with asthma in Yakima Valley (Washington, USA). Participants were recruited through the Yakima Valley Farm Workers Clinic asthma education program. All participants received education on home triggers while intervention families additionally received two HEPA cleaners (child's sleeping area, main living area). Fourteen-day integrated samples of PM2.5 and NH3 were measured at baseline and one-year follow-up. We fit ANCOVA models to compare follow-up concentrations in HEPA vs control homes, adjusting for baseline concentrations. Seventy-one households (36 HEPA, 35 control) completed the study. Most were single-family homes, with electric heat and stove, A/C, dogs/cats, and mean (SD) 5.3 (1.8) occupants. In the sleeping area, baseline geometric mean (GSD) PM2.5 was 10.7 (2.3) μg/m3 (HEPA) vs 11.2 (1.9) μg/m3 (control); in the living area, it was 12.5 (2.3) μg/m3 (HEPA) vs 13.6 (1.9) μg/m3 (control). Baseline sleeping area NH3 was 62.4 (1.6) μg/m3 (HEPA) vs 65.2 (1.8) μg/m3 (control). At follow-up, HEPA families had 60% (95% CI, 41%-72%; p < .0001) and 42% (19%-58%; p = .002) lower sleeping and living area PM2.5, respectively, consistent with prior studies. NH3 reductions were not observed.  相似文献   
7.
黄伟 《食品与机械》2021,37(6):131-134
介绍了多感官设计理论和国内外相关研究现状,依据儿童认知心理学分析了儿童零食包装设计原则,并从视觉感官传达设计、触觉感官传达设计、听觉感官传达设计和嗅觉感官传达设计4个角度探讨了多感官设计理念下的儿童零食包装设计思路。  相似文献   
8.
目的:探讨依托泊苷联合卡铂用于复发性髓母细胞瘤患儿的疗效与安全性。方法:选取浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院在2011年1月至2014年6月收治的72例复发性髓母细胞瘤患儿(3~15岁),随机分为CE组和对照组,每组36例,CE组采用依托泊苷+卡铂给药方式化疗;对照组采用经典伊立替康+替莫唑胺+长春新碱方案化疗。比较两组患儿临床疗效、卡诺夫斯基健康状况量表(KPS)评分、儿科生活质量测定量表4.0(PedsQLTM4.0)评分、总生存期(OS)、无事件生存(EFS),记录患儿治疗期间药物不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后CE组和对照组完全缓解率(CR)分别为41.67%(15/36)和27.78%(10/36),总缓解率(OR)分别为94.44%(34/36)和77.78%(28/36),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患儿治疗前KPS评分及PedsQLTM4.0评分无统计学差异(P>0.05),治疗后CE组和对照组的KPS评分分别为(80±8)和(75±10)分,PedsQLTM4.0评分分别为(89±11)和(84±11)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。截至末次随访时间,CE组有3例失访,对照组有2例失访。截至末次随访时间,CE组和对照组总生存率分别为78.8%(26/33)和55.9%(19/34),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),无事件生存率分别为72.7%(24/33)和52.9%(18/34),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CE组化疗期间共出现10例3级以上不良反应,发生率为27.78%(10/36),对照组化疗期间共出现9例3级以上不良反应,发生率为25.00%(9/36),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:依托泊苷联合卡铂方案能够明显提高患儿临床缓解率,延长患儿总生存率,同时不增加化疗不良反应,但对无事件生存率的影响并不明显。  相似文献   
9.
分别采用国标法(GB 5009.84-2016)、酸解法和等电点法处理试样,用高效液相色谱-荧光检测(HPLCFLD)法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉和婴幼儿谷类辅助食品中的维生素B1。结果表明,维生素B1在3.036~303.6 ng/mL范围内线性良好,相关系数R^2>0.999。3种方法的回收率和相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)均符合要求。其中,国标法和酸解法的RSD值相对较小,等电点法的RSD值偏大。试样经国标法、酸解法处理测得维生素B1含量与标签一致,少数试样经等电点法处理测得维生素B1含量明显偏低。酸解法相较于国标法,省去了耗时最长的酶解步骤,仍获得良好回收率。可见,酸解法前处理简单,耗时短,结果准确度高,重现性好,适用于批量检测,总体优于国标法和等电点法。  相似文献   
10.
王俭 《陶瓷研究》2020,(1):108-110
婴戏纹饰即描绘儿童游戏时的画作,是中国人物画的一种,更是陶瓷装饰中常见的传统题材。其主要以儿童为主要绘画对象,表现儿童纯真,或借以其他物象,组成吉祥图案,在我国陶瓷绘画上广泛运用,有着深刻的社会形态特征和思想文化的背景。其始于唐代,兴盛于宋金,明清两朝日臻成熟,并延续至今。在西方艺术史当中,儿童形象大都通过神话人物或宗教相关的艺术品走进人们视野,用以表现某些宗教思想或精神诉求。本文主要探讨陶瓷婴戏纹饰在我国历史发展历程中的演变概况,以及笔者对我国陶瓷婴戏纹饰和西方艺术品中儿童形象横向对比下的一些思考。  相似文献   
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