江苏沿海滩涂开发优化的动力机制研究

江苏沿海滩涂开发具有悠久的历史,但是传统的滩涂开发模式已经不能适应江苏省"强富美高"的发展新理念,现有的滩涂开发模式亟需优化升级。经过对由经济发展、生产方式变革、自然环境等要素构成的滩涂优化开发内源动力以及由科技创新、资金保障、政策制度等要素构成的外源动力进行分析,并对其连续动力机制进行深入研究,发现滩涂开发在其内外源动力的共同作用下可以逐步缓解人地矛盾,实现经济效益和富民的效应;但是开发与环境之间互为影响,甚至可能与环境美的目标相反。研究结果表明:在滩涂开发过程中,应坚持生态优先、绿色发展,加强政府引导、理顺机制,注重高新产业、科技投入,围绕临海能源、绿化造林,只有这样才能推动滩涂开发动力机制不断正向循环,实现经济社会的可持续发展。     

北京城市居民住宅问题分析及解决方案探讨

分析了北京房价上涨的主要原因是:住房分配制度改革以后,把住房这样一件大事过多地依赖于市场方式解决,建房完全依赖开发商,开发商从竞争走向垄断,开始老百姓还得点实惠,后来房价飞涨,政府稳定房价政策难以落实,利益相关者从中获利,有房者沾沾自喜,无房者望房兴叹,买房无望。解决问题的措施应是多元供给住房,出台政策鼓励大单位自建房,打破开发商独家垄断。同时,再辅以加大经济适用房的供应,加大炒房成本,规范开发商行为等措施。     

城市老年住宅区的户外空间设计

随着社会的发展，对老年人住宅的需求日益增加。按老年人的生理、心理和社会特征，以人为本，人性化地设计老年人住宅区的户外空间，为老年人创造的不仅仅是环境优美的户外空间，更是处与丰富多彩的社会生活融为一体的户外环境。     

The interplay between governmental communications and fellow citizens’ reactions via twitter: Experimental results of a theoretical crisis in the Netherlands

This study aimed to gain insight into the interplay between citizens’ reactions on Twitter and governmental communications as well as their effects on self‐reliant behaviour and trust. Two experimental studies were conducted. In Study 1, participants first received other citizens’ reactions followed by the government's communications about how to act. Participants received supporting, opposing, mixed, or no reactions from other citizens. In Study 2, participants first received the government's communications with either certain or uncertain crisis information, followed by the different citizens’ reactions. The results showed that citizens’ reactions via Twitter are not necessarily detrimental to the effectiveness of governmental communications regarding self‐reliant behaviour. In addition, our findings suggest being careful with providing uncertain governmental communications during a crisis.     

Non-Intrusive Monitoring of Everyday Behavioral Activities in an Indoor Environment

A non-intrusive design for monitoring everyday activities of an elderly person is presented. The proposed system is intended to be used in the bedroom, allowing the elders to stay at home in a safe environment. The required hardware design is simple in structure and cost effective. The sensor design is implemented by using capacitive sensors and an Arduino microcontroller unit. And a real time graphical user interface is implemented to monitor the elderly person. The performance analysis shows that the sensor design is able to differentiate between a human body and a house pet.     

Young citizens’ knowledge and perceptions of bioenergy and future policy implications

In the past few years extensive discussions on bioenergy has been both positive and negative. In Europe, the image of bioenergy appears to be low with lack of broad public support. Previous studies show that younger people are unsure about many issues surrounding renewable energy. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and perceptions of bioenergy among pupils in North Karelia, Finland. Data drawn from 495 ninth grade students indicate that the majority of them lack in-depth knowledge about different renewable energy sources, including bioenergy. Only a small percentage has a ‘high’ level of knowledge about bioenergy and the majority indicates critical perceptions of it. Statistically significant gender differences are not apparent. Girls appear to be more knowledgeable than boys. Results also show a clear ‘urban’ and ‘rural’ difference in perceptions of bioenergy. Perceptions of urban respondents being more positive than that of their rural counterparts. Developing collaboration between future bioenergy policies and bioenergy education for younger citizens is necessary for their engagement in critical debates on bioenergy.     

老年人超市购物行为研究及设计启示

在老龄化社会背景下,研究上海老年人超市购物的行为特点.选取居住在上海市区的十组老年人作为研究对象,综合运用问卷及访谈法,观察及行为地图(behavior mapping)法,调查老年人的超市购物行为习惯及超市环境对老年人购物行为的影响.对十组问卷及访谈的调研数据进行分析,总结出三种不同年龄段的老年人因为身体条件、生活重心的差异而形成的三种不同的生活方式.通过实地地陪同观察,记录两组老人去超市的活动经过,绘制出超市购物流线图,分析比较两组流线图进而提出超市环境改善的若干建议.     

Rehabilitation in prison: The incarcerated retarded.

Incarcerated retarded citizens have extensive needs for rehabilitation intervention. However, barriers to providing rehabilitative experiences within the correctional milieu are very substantial. The authors offer recommendations to improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs for retarded offenders. The authors also highlight possible pitfalls in providing such services. These pitfalls include potential negative consequences of “labeling” and the ethical conflict between corrections and rehabilitation professionals related to contrasting value orientations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Embracing ambiguity in the design of non-stigmatizing digital technology for social interaction among senior citizens

In this paper we report our early experience with the design of technology for senior citizens. We take as our point of departure a pre-study of the ways in which older adult living occurs at three different senior housing facilities in southern Sweden. We contribute to the current debate concerning the ways in which digital technology can be designed to enable new types of living arrangements for the ever growing population of older people. We focus on technology designed to support the social rather than physical challenges of growing older. In particular we discuss how designing for social interaction can circumvent the stigma associated with being lonely in light of diminishing social networks, changed patterns of interactions with family, moving to a new neighbourhood, and the loss of a spouse. We will suggest that designers, in the design of digital technology for social interaction, deliberately leave room for ambiguity to make it possible for people to leave their intentions of use unarticulated. Furthermore, recognizing that many everyday activities already act as enablers for social interaction, we suggest utilizing such activities as an approach for design. We will support our suggestions by introducing three perspectives: a perspective emphasizing that the population of older adults is one of resourceful individuals; a perspective on social interaction emphasizing its circumstantial nature as an inherent part of everyday activities; and a perspective on the role of digital technology emphasizing its role as merely one of many resources present for human action. Finally, we will present an example concept showing how an enhanced TV remote control may be designed to enable social interactions without inflicting too much on the original experience of watching TV and most importantly, without stigmatizing the people using the remote control as lonely individuals craving the company of others.     

城市居民安全感问卷的编制

目的编制城市居民安全感问卷,为了解城市居民的安全感提供量化工具。方法根据理论构想并结合访谈和开放式问卷,编制城市居民安全感问卷,对824名城市居民进行测试和信度效度检验。结果城市居民安全感由社会稳定、家庭安全、公共安全、社区安全、职业安全和身体安全6个因子构成,具有良好的内部一致性信度、内容效度和效标效度。结论城市居民安全感问卷具有良好的信效度,可以作为测查城市居民安全感的有效工具。