Mg gas infiltration for the fabrication of MgB2 pellets using nanosized and microsized B powders

MgB₂ superconductor pellets were synthesized through Mg gas infiltration method using nanosized- and microsized B powders. There was a marked difference in the superconducting properties of the two samples, particularly in the pinning force and dominant pinning mechanism. The microstructures of the samples were observed using HR-TEM and STEM-HAADF, and the results showed that the primary reason for the difference in the superconducting properties is the distribution of the nanosized second-phase particle MgO. Additionally, a feasible reaction model for the Mg gas infiltration method was established. Compared to the Mg liquid infiltration method, the gas infiltration showed better penetrability ability with a small amount of residual Mg. This study presents a novel synthesis process to fabricate an MgB₂ pellet with superior density and superconducting properties. This method can be used in multiple applications such as superconducting bearings, compact superconductor magnets, and magnetic shielding.     

The application of decision support tools and the influence of local data in prioritizing barrier removal in lower Michigan,USA

Web-based decision support tools (DSTs) can be useful to facilitate decision-making processes for managing complex natural resource systems. However, the alignment of DSTs with the objectives in governmental policies or management plans and the influence of limited local data on the outputs of these tools may reduce the use of DSTs by decision makers. In this study, we examined the outcomes of web-based DSTs when different types of local data were incorporated and demonstrated a way to incorporate outputs from multiple DSTs or local inventories to benefit barrier removal decisions. Restoring habitat connectivity in rivers in northwest lower Michigan, USA, was used as a case study due to the abundance of local inventory data and web-based DSTs. We found that, when compared to prioritizations made using local data, some DSTs could produce similar outcomes (in barriers selected, cost, and the benefit for migratory fish) with limited data, but the trade-offs among users' objectives might influence the cost and effectiveness of DSTs' outputs. Improving the ability of DSTs to incorporate objectives consistent with policy and stakeholders' values (e.g., restore certain species or sedimentation control) across management scales can help close the gap between tool recommendations and management decisions while making the barrier removal prioritization process transparent and efficient.     

Effect of pore characteristics of fine lignite on particle density in separation medium

Effect of porosity on particle density was analyzed, which can be a potential factor of low efficiency. The porosity of particle with different densities was detected by surface area analyzer. In addition, Three-dimensional X-ray micro-imaging system (3D-XRM) was used to analyze the spatial distribution of internal pores. Results show that mesoporous and microporosity content increase with the increase of particle density. Three-dimensional distribution of pores shows that the pores are very rich and show a good connection. The density model including porosity and medium density was established, which shows the effect of medium filling on the change of particle density.     

不同煤阶煤孔隙特征及其吸附能力响应

我国是煤炭资源大国，煤层气储量规模相当可观，但煤储层又具有低孔、低渗的不足，照搬国外或常规石油天然气的开采程序和方法已被证实是走不通的。应结合实际，根据不同地质条件、不同煤阶的开采程序，进行孔隙特征研究。煤孔隙特征、连通性和吸附能力对煤层气开采影响尤为重要，为研究煤孔隙结构特征随煤变质程度的变化关系及其吸附能力的响应特点，采取不同地区不同变质程度煤样，进行压汞测试和等温吸附实验。实验结果表明，煤孔隙度和平均孔径均随变质程度增加呈现降低—升高—降低的趋势；煤中孔隙连通性随煤变质程度增加逐渐变差；随煤变质程度增加，其最大吸附能力也呈现降低—升高—降低的总体趋势。     

Environmental factors controlling phytoplankton dynamics in a large floodplain river with emphasis on cyanobacteria

Harmful algal blooms are occurring in large river ecosystems and at the mouth of large rivers with increasing frequency. In lentic systems, the chemical and physical conditions that promote harmful algal blooms are somewhat predictable but tracking prevalence and conditions that promote harmful algal blooms in lotic systems is much more difficult. We captured two of the most extreme discharge years within the last 20 years occurring in the Upper Mississippi River, allowing a natural experiment that evaluated how major shifts in discharge drive environmental variation and associated shifts in phytoplankton. Statistical models describing significant environmental covariates for phytoplankton assemblages and specific taxa were developed and used to identify management‐relevant numeric breakpoints at which environmental variables may promote the growth of specific phytoplankton and/or cyanobacteria. Our analyses supported that potentially toxin‐producing cyanobacteria dominate under high phosphorus concentration, low nitrogen concentration, low nitrogen‐to‐phosphorus ratio, low turbulence, low flushing, adequate light and warm temperatures. Cyanobacteria dominated in 2009 when low discharge and low flushing likely led to optimal growth environments for Dolichospermum, Aphanizomenon and Microcystis. Rarely will a single factor lead to the dominance, but multiple positive factors working in concert can lead to cyanobacteria proliferation in large rivers. Certain isolated backwaters with high phosphorus, low nitrogen, warm water temperatures and low potential for flushing could benefit from increased connection to channel inputs to reduce cyanobacterial dominance. Numerous examples of this type of habitat currently exist in the Upper Mississippi River and could benefit from reconnection to channel habitats.     

利用卡尔曼滤波和人工神经网络相结合的油藏井间连通性研究

油藏连通性的认识对于制定合理的开发调整方案和提高水驱油藏采收率具有重要意义。基于注采井的生产动态数据,建立一种卡尔曼滤波和人工神经网络相结合的分析方法,对油藏井间动态连通性进行定量表征研究。考虑到注入数据的噪声污染和注入信号在地层传播过程中的时滞影响,分别利用卡尔曼滤波算法和非线性扩散滤波器对注采数据进行预处理,从而减少注采数据对机器学习模型的干扰,提高连通性分析的准确性。基于预处理后的历史注采数据,对以生产井产液量为响应,注水井的注水量为输入的人工神经网络进行训练和参数优化,模拟和挖掘注采系统中的井间连通关系。通过对训练好的模型进行参数敏感性分析,量化油藏井间连通程度。应用所建模型和方法分析了均质、各向异性、包含封闭断层、具有高渗透带的4种典型特征油藏和实际非均质油藏的井间连通性。计算结果与油藏地质特征高度吻合,验证了该方法的实用性,可作为量化注采系统连通状况的有效方法。     

鄂尔多斯盆地Y66井区延9油层组砂体连通性评价

鄂尔多斯盆地Y66井区延9油层组属于低孔-低渗储层,注水见效差异显著。为实现该油层组高效开发,利用静态和动态连通性组合分析方法系统评价延9油层组的砂体连通性。基于单砂体叠置类型确定砂体静态连通性,并引入连通厚度与连通系数对砂体连通性进行定量表征。依据开发过程中产能变化和注水响应定量描述井间砂体的动态连通性。综合钻井岩心、分析测试资料,结果表明,整个Y66井区延9油层组中部的砂体连通性较好,相对而言,西南部和东北部的砂体连通性较差;从各小层来看,延911小层和延921小层砂体具有良好的垂向叠置及横向叠置关系,连通厚度大多在6～10 m内,连通系数大多在80%以上。综合动静态资料,对油层组的连通关系进行了判别,为油气田生产开发提供理论基础。     

基于数据驱动的低压配电网线户关系识别方法

低压配电网的线户关系自动识别是智能低压配电网实现的基础。通过分析低压配电网中负荷节点电压所呈现的空间、时间以及时空特性,依托"互联网+"智慧能源发展带来的海量电网运行数据,提出了基于数据驱动的低压配电网线户关系识别方法。通过建立基于基尔霍夫电流定律的优化模型,并将其转化为二次规划问题求解,实现低压配电网线户关系识别。同时为了提高求解效率并解决空房用户的识别问题,提出了一种基于电压时空特性的电能表聚类方法。73用户算例系统和多个试点台区应用效果验证了所提方法的有效性,并分析了电能表计量误差、数据长度对识别结果的影响。     

基于0-1整数规划算法的PMU量测点优化配置新方法

为了提高同步相量测量装置的优化配置速度,提出了基于0-1整数规划算法的PMU量测点优化配置方法。在0-1整数规划算法的基础上,根据节点的可观测性建立数学模型,考虑节点间的相互关系构建邻接矩阵并进行分析,求解量测点模型获得量测配置优化位置。对IEEE-14和IEEE-18节点系统进行实验仿真,并利用Lingo工具验证所提0-1整数规划算法,获取PMU优化位置和速度。该算法与未改进的0-1整数规划算法相对比,结果表明,该方法减少了变量数目,简化了约束条件,减少了迭代次数,提高了收敛速度,验证了所提方法的有效性和实用性。     

基于降维与搜索的网架重构

针对寻优搜索节点较多、线路较多的复杂大电力系统时计算维数过大的问题,提出了一种基于降维与搜索的网架重构方案。该方案结合优化蚁群算法与离散粒子群算法(DPSO)以搜索目标网架。首先,采用优化蚁群算法搜索一条主干线路,降低后续寻优的维数。然后,基于已经得到的主干线路,采用离散粒子群算法对电网的剩余部分进行搜索。利用已并网发电机组提供的发电功率,以考虑重要负荷的综合负荷恢复量最大为目标函数进行寻优,得到满足拓扑连通性和安全、稳定运行约束的目标网架。最后,以IEEE118节点系统和湖北电网部分地区为算例,验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。