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1.
全球变暖背景下湖库发生蓝绿藻水华的成因及其对水质的影响是充满争议的热点环境问题。云龙天池水库是云龙天池国家级自然保护区的主要水源地,开展其水质变化研究具有重要战略意义。本研究利用多参数水质监测浮标系统(AMT—FB301)对该水库开展了连续四个月(2022.1.14—5.11)的高分辨率(时间间隔30 s)蓝绿藻和水质监测工作。结果显示,蓝绿藻在3月早春时节发生水华现象。在月间、月际和日际尺度上,水体中的氨氮含量均与蓝绿藻丰度高度正相关,表明在这类尚未发生明显富营养化的水体中,营养条件仍然是调控蓝绿藻水华发生的最主要因素。突然的升温也可能成为诱发蓝绿藻暴发的关键因素,但充足的营养供应是前提条件。蓝绿藻水华的发生导致了水库的水质明显下降(浊度增加,溶解氧降低)。所以,在未来持续升温背景下,控制外源营养输入仍然是改善这类水库水质和防控蓝绿藻水华发生的最有效途径。  相似文献   
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Harmful algal blooms are occurring in large river ecosystems and at the mouth of large rivers with increasing frequency. In lentic systems, the chemical and physical conditions that promote harmful algal blooms are somewhat predictable but tracking prevalence and conditions that promote harmful algal blooms in lotic systems is much more difficult. We captured two of the most extreme discharge years within the last 20 years occurring in the Upper Mississippi River, allowing a natural experiment that evaluated how major shifts in discharge drive environmental variation and associated shifts in phytoplankton. Statistical models describing significant environmental covariates for phytoplankton assemblages and specific taxa were developed and used to identify management‐relevant numeric breakpoints at which environmental variables may promote the growth of specific phytoplankton and/or cyanobacteria. Our analyses supported that potentially toxin‐producing cyanobacteria dominate under high phosphorus concentration, low nitrogen concentration, low nitrogen‐to‐phosphorus ratio, low turbulence, low flushing, adequate light and warm temperatures. Cyanobacteria dominated in 2009 when low discharge and low flushing likely led to optimal growth environments for Dolichospermum, Aphanizomenon and Microcystis. Rarely will a single factor lead to the dominance, but multiple positive factors working in concert can lead to cyanobacteria proliferation in large rivers. Certain isolated backwaters with high phosphorus, low nitrogen, warm water temperatures and low potential for flushing could benefit from increased connection to channel inputs to reduce cyanobacterial dominance. Numerous examples of this type of habitat currently exist in the Upper Mississippi River and could benefit from reconnection to channel habitats.  相似文献   
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Blue-green algae are responsible for the production of different types of toxins which can be neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, cytotoxic and dermatotoxic and that can affect both aquatic and terrestrial life. Since its discovery the neurotoxin β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) has been a cause for concern, being associated with the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/Parkinsonism–dementia complex (ALS/PDC). The initial focus was on Guam where it was observed that a high number of people were affected by the ALS/PDC complex. Subsequently, researchers were surprised to find levels of BMAA in post mortem brains from Canadian patients who also suffered from ALS/PDC. Recent research demonstrates that BMAA has been found at different levels in the aquatic food web in the brackish waters of the Baltic Sea. There is emerging evidence to suggest that sand-borne algae from Qatar can also contain BMAA. Furthermore, there is now concern because BMAA has been found not only in warmer regions of the world but also in temperate regions like Europe. The aim of this review is to focus on the methods of extraction and analysis of the neurotoxic non-protein amino acid BMAA. We also consider the neurotoxicity, aetiology, and diverse sources and routes of exposure to BMAA. In recent years, different methods have been developed for the analysis of BMAA. Some of these use HPLC-FD, UPLC-UV, UPLC-MS and LC-MS/MS using samples that have been derivatised or underivatised. To date the LC-MS/MS approach is the most widely used analytical technique as it is the most selective and sensitive method for BMAA determination.  相似文献   
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为研究光照强度对一种常见淡水水华蓝藻伪鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena sp.)生长及光合活性的影响,根据自然界光照强度范围,设计5个光照强度梯度,采用实验室纯培养方法,开展为期16 d的实验研究.实验过程中对伪鱼腥藻的生物量水平、叶绿素荧光参数和关键色素比例进行跟踪监测,结果发现,在500~2 500 lx,伪鱼腥藻的最适生长光照强度为1 500 lx,其比增长速率从高到低排列为1 500 lx,1 000 lx,2 000 lx,2 500 lx,500 lx.伪鱼腥藻的光合活性受光照强度影响显著,培养一段时间后,伪鱼腥藻的光合速率和光能利用效率与光照强度显著负相关,第11天相关系数分别为-0.939(P0.05)和-0.978(P0.01),半饱和光强与光照强度显著正相关,第11天相关系数为0.976(P0.01).伪鱼腥藻属于低光照强度耐受型蓝藻,且具备自身调节机制应对光照不足或光照过强,易于在光照不足或光强波动较大的水体中占据优势,其暴发相对不易受水深和光强的限制,不宜采用垂向扰动或遮光的抑藻措施对其进行控制.上述发现为地表水体中伪鱼腥藻的预测和控制提供了理论基础.  相似文献   
7.
Char derived from cyanobacterial blooms (CDCB), by-product of fast pyrolysis of cyanobacterial blooms from Dianchi Lake (Yunnan Province, China) at a final pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C were used as feedstock material in this study. Steam gasification characteristics of CDCB were investigated in a fixed-bed reactor to evaluate the effect of particle size (below 0.15 mm, 0.15–0.3 mm, 0.3–0.45 mm, 0.45–0.9 mm, 0.9–3 mm) and solid residence time (3, 6, 9, 12, 15 min) on gas yield and composition, and experiments were carried out at bed temperature range of 600–850 °C, steam flow rate of 0.178 g/min. The results showed that solid residence time played an important role on steam gasification process, while particle size presented less effect on gasification process; proper particle size and longer residence time were favorable for dry gas yield and carbon conversion efficiency (CCE). At the same time, higher reaction temperature reduced influence of particle size on gasification process, and smaller particle size required less residence time for reaction completed. Maximum dry gas yield and CCE reached 1.84 Nm3 kg−1 and 98.82%, respectively, achieved at a temperature of 850 °C, flow rate of 0.178 g/min, solid residence time of 15 min and particle size range of 0.45–0.9 mm.  相似文献   
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Seafood poisoning outbreaks can be caused by marine biotoxins which are naturally produced by harmful algal blooms. To minimize the risk of acute intoxications due to consumption of contaminated seafood a proper monitoring program must be in place. In recent decades several directives have been laid down by the European Commission to regulate known toxins, reassess their regulatory limits and update their reference detection methods. However, a revision of the seafood organisms that can act as toxin vectors has not been carried out. The control system has been designed based on physiological specificities of live bivalve mollusks. Although the prescribed controls in EC regulation 854/2004 apply to echinoderms, tunicates and marine gastropods, several difficulties are posed to a cost-effective monitoring program for these quite diverse and non-analogous groups of seafood organisms. Echinoderms, tunicates and marine gastropods are frequently secondary target species for toxins surveillance. In this study, the potential of non-bivalve organisms as toxin vectors and their threat for public health is evaluated based on their feeding behavior (i.e. filter-feeders, herbivores, predators), growth and metabolic rates, motile capacity and dynamics of toxin accumulation/elimination. A summary of previous reports on toxin accumulation and human incidents is presented to highlight the seafood species of higher risk to consumers, including crustaceans that are not listed in the EU directives for toxins monitoring and should be strongly considered as potent vectors of biotoxins to humans. Finally, the challenges in terms of sampling efforts and analytical determination for the regular surveillance of biotoxins in non-bivalve vectors are discussed.  相似文献   
9.
How Brittany and Florida coasts cope with green tides   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Although the direct involvement of nitrogen and phosphorus has been shown, eutrophication remains poorly managed to this day. The excessive growth of some opportunist seaweeds is the consequence in coastal ecosystems close to agricultural or strongly urbanized and industrialized zones. In Brittany, a leading tourist region of France, green tides set down on the beaches big quantities of Ulva, of which some 100,000 m3 are harvested annually, with significant ecological and economic consequences. In Florida, although the macroalgae (notably Codium) drift about with the currents, they are of sufficient mass and spread over such areal extent to inhibit penetration of sunlight through the water column to the coral reef surface. They strand also on the beaches. Stabilization of algae by composting and methanization of hydrolyzed and pressed algae juice are two methods which have been studied in Brittany and can be used to enhance the value of the harvested seaweed, depending on local conditions and on evolution of needs in energy, basic materials or organic products. But the parallel made here between two very different ecosystems, both disturbed, leads above all to the question of what course to follow now to avoid a worldwide disaster.

Bien que le rôle de l’azote et du phosphore dans les processus d’eutrophication ait été montré, celle‐ci reste mal contrôlée à ce jour. La croissance excessive d’algues opportunistes en est la conséquence dans des écosystèmes côtiers proches de zones agricoles ou fortement urbanisées et industrialisées. En Bretagne, région touristique de France, des marées vertes déversent sur les plages de grandes quantités d’ulves, dont environ 100,000 m3 sont récoltés annuellement, avec d’importantes conséquences écologiques et économiques. En Floride, bien que les macroalgues (notamment Codium) dérivent avec les courants, elles sont en masse suffisante et suffisamment réparties pour empêcher la pénétration de la lumière dans la colonne d’eau jusqu’au récif de corail. Elles s’échouent également sur les plages. La stabilisation par compostage et la méthanisation de jus d’algues hydrolysées et pressées sont deux méthodes qui ont été étudiées en Bretagne afin de valoriser l’algue récoltée, en fonction des conditions locales et de l’évolution des besoins en énergie, matières premières ou produits organiques. Mais le parallèle fait ici entre deux écosystèmes très différents, tous deux perturbés, mène surtout à se demander quelle voie suivre maintenant pour éviter un désastre mondial.  相似文献   
10.
针对巢湖西半湖富营养化情况,利用实测资料,通过相关分析和多元逐步回归统计,分析环境多元耦合效应与水体叶绿素a质量浓度之间的关系,找出显著环境因子,建立多元逐步回归方程,预测叶绿素a质量浓度变化.结果表明,巢湖西半湖叶绿素a质量浓度夏季高冬季低,其变化受多个环境因子共同影响,相关性较显著的为气温、水位、CODMn等.在各...  相似文献   
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