碳纤维结构排布对其辐射特性影响的分析

为了研究碳纤维的光谱辐射特性，利用时域有限差分法模拟计算了不同排布方式下的碳纤维辐射特性。结果表明：在2D随机排布方式下等半径碳纤维散射因子随着碳纤维含量的降低而减小，当含量降低17.12%，散射因子的最大值降低35%；在2D随机排布方式下非等半径碳纤维，不仅碳纤维含量对材料辐射特性有影响，碳纤维圆柱体的半径也影响其辐射特性，在2.5～3.5 μm波段同含量下碳纤维根数由26增加至56时散射因子增大20%；而且碳纤维3D随机排布方式和2D随机排布的辐射特性偏差较大，2D排布模型代替3D随机排布模型会使碳纤维吸收截面偏差40%。     

风电机组传动链典型故障特征提取方法

为解决风电机组传动链易发生故障的问题,文章阐述了风电机组齿轮箱特征频率的计算方法和基于振动信号分析的故障特征提取方法。结合实际情况,以行星级齿轮磨损、中间轴小齿轮崩齿、高速轴齿轮崩齿和发电机轴承电腐蚀等典型故障为例,通过齿轮箱特征频率和传动链典型故障振动信号基本特征分析,可较好地完成故障识别。结果表明,采用经典信号处理方法能对上述典型故障进行特征提取,验证了经典方法对单一、明显故障特征提取的有效性,为深入开展传动链故障特征提取方法研究奠定了基础,为风电机组故障检修维护提供了技术支撑。     

滚动轴承振动加速度信号积分测试技术研究

滚动轴承出厂时需要根据国家标准进行振动检测。对滚动轴承的振动进行测量的方法主要是采用速度型测振和加速度型测振。由于速度型测振仪和加速度型测振仪所采用的传感器不同,两者的测量结果有相关性,但测量结果并不一致。传统的轴承测振仪采用模拟电路,对加速度信号进行准确积分,难度较大;随着计算机测量技术的迅速发展,运用数字量测试和积分技术,可以采用对加速度信号进行积分得到速度的方法进行测试。通过对轴承的加速度信号进行积分,进行振动速度测量,可以在同样的测试条件下对轴承的振动加速度和振动速度进行比较,具有实际应用价值。本文采用数字量测试技术,以深沟球轴承为研究对象,对加速度积分算法进行研究,利用MATLAB和Lab VIEW软件编写了数字滤波器和时域积分算法,减去了时域积分产生的趋势项,降低了趋势项误差。通过实际测量实验,所得结果与轴承行业所用的标准精密模拟积分器所得结果具有较好的一致性,可以满足轴承振动速度测量的需要。     

基于振动信号的深沟球轴承滚动体故障诊断研究

目前针对滚动轴承内、外圈故障的诊断方法较为有效,但难以诊断滚动体故障。针对这种情况,利用时域统计参数(有效值、峭度、脉冲因数、裕度因数)与Hilbert包络谱两种方法,对不同转速、负荷和故障程度情况下滚动体故障与正常状况的振动加速度数据进行比较分析,得出了滚动体故障难以诊断的原因,并给出了解决方法。     

大跨度斜拉桥抖振时域分析理论实例验证及影响因素分析

为了进行对现有抖振时域分析理论的实例验证,在杭州湾跨海大桥全桥模型风洞试验中,不仅对抖振位移进行了测量,还通过在塔根布设动态应变片完成了桥塔内力的实测。采用考虑桥塔风效应的抖振时域分析方法计算出大跨度斜拉桥的抖振响应,气动导纳分别取1和Sears函数,采用等效风谱法计算考虑气动导纳修正的抖振力,对风洞的空间相关性进行了测量研究并分别探讨了Sears气动导纳函数及空间相关性对抖振响应的影响,与风洞试验结果进行了对比分析。分析比较表明:当衰减因子l取实测值12.9时,风洞试验结果都介于导纳为1和导纳为Sears函数所计算的抖振响应之间,导纳取Sears函数将得到偏不安全的结果;空间相关系数对抖振响应影响较大,采用风洞实测的相关系数得到的抖振响应比采用《公路桥梁抗风设计指南》建议相关系数所得抖振响应小13%￣22%。通过杭州湾跨海大桥的实例验证发现现有抖振时域分析理论并不能完全精确预测桥梁的抖振响应,抖振响应计算值与试验值存在一定的差距。     

人工挖孔嵌岩桩低应变检测中的若干力学概念浅析

本文从五个方面详细介绍了低应变检测技术中的一些常见问题:低应变检测的理论基础;桩底反射信号的识别;高频、低频波的选择;桩头处理方法;时域分析与频域分析的关系等,对工程实践中基桩检测技术的正确运用具有一定的参考价值。     

Quantitative study of the effect of electromagnetic field on scale deposition on nanofiltration membranes via UTDR

Ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry (UTDR) as an in situ, non-invasive real-time technique has been successfully utilized to quantify membrane fouling and cleaning. This study describes an existing ultrasonic technique for quantitative study of the effect of magnetic fields on CaCO₃ scale deposition on the membrane surface during crossflow nanofiltration (NF). The fouling experiments were conducted with CaCO₃ solution containing Ca²⁺ of 1.8 and 3 mmol/L. The experimental electromagnetic field (EMF) was 0.02 T. A commercial NF membrane and a highly sensitive ultrasonic sensor were used in all the experiments. Results show a good relationship between the ultrasonic measurements and the development of CaCO₃ scale on the NF membrane surface. An increase in the amplitude of differential signal with operation time results from the deposition of the CaCO₃ scale layer. In addition, the movement of the differential signal in the time domain observed is associated with an increase in the thickness of the fouling layer. The UTDR technique is capable of measuring the rate of fouling layer formation under different treatment conditions, i.e. with non-magnetic field (NMF) and EMF. Scale layer of deposited CaCO₃ obtained in the experiment with NMF is denser and thicker than that with EMF. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses imply that the magnetic treatment suppresses the formation of calcite crystals and prefers vaterite and aragonite. Furthermore, the ultrasonic technique is sensitive to the different fouling rate between experiments carried out with 1.8 and 3 mmol/L CaCO₃ solutions. The thickness of the fouling layer measured by weight measurement is consistent with that obtained by UTDR in real time. The thinner and less dense scale layer is the main reason for the slower flux decline. Overall, independent measurements such as the flux-decline data, SEM analysis and weight measurement corroborate the ultrasonic measurements.     

钢琴乐声仿真频谱模型研究

频谱模型的乐音仿真是运用声学理论,由一系列基本函数及其时变幅度乘积的迭加来实现乐器的发声。通过对钢琴琴弦振动和衰减特性的分析以及共鸣箱共振作用的探讨,提出了一种新的数字化钢琴乐音仿真技术,仿真模型由激励系统和共振系统两部分组成。系统以琴弦振动方程为基础,先进行时域上的包络修饰,以模拟琴弦振动的自然衰减,这样可以使乐音各音符间衔接和谐;然后在频域上以频谱包络建模滤波器组,实现共振系统的仿真,对音色进行修饰。该方法能更为有效的雕刻声音,同时较好的表现音色,从而使乐音听起来更加和谐。     

An Improved On-line Contingency Screening for Power System Transient Stability Assessment

This paper presents a contingency screening method and a framework for its on-line implementation. The proposed method carries out contingency screening and on-line stability assessment with respect to first-swing transient stability. For that purpose, it utilizes the single machine equivalent method and aims at improving the prior developed contingency screening approaches. In order to determine vulnerability of the system with respect to a particular contingency, only one time-domain simulation needs to be performed. An early stop criteria is proposed so that in a majority of the cases the simulation can be terminated after a few hundred milliseconds of simulated system response. The method’s outcome is an assessment of the system’s stability and a classification of each considered contingency. The contingencies are categorized by exploiting parameters of an equivalent one machine infinite bus system. A novel island detection approach, appropriate for an on-line application since it utilizes efficient algorithms from graph theory and enables stability assessment of individual islands, is also introduced. The New England and New York system as well as the large-scale model of the Continental-European interconnected system are used to test the proposed method with respect to assessment accuracy and computation time.     

基于时域谱线特征量的变压器油纸绝缘诊断

针对应用介电响应理论评估油纸绝缘老化状态存在的不足,提出一种新的变压器油纸绝缘诊断方法。对变压器的回复电压微分谱线进行解谱,分析时域微分子谱线的数量和弛豫时间常数比Kτ与绝缘老化状态间的关系,从而实现变压器油纸绝缘状态诊断。对多台变压器的测试数据进行统计和分析,得出结论:回复电压时域微分谱线的子谱线数随绝缘状态发生改变,油纸绝缘老化越严重,分解的子谱线数量越多;Kτ能准确判断绝缘油相对于绝缘纸的老化状态。