Thermal depolarization and electromechanical hardening in Zn2+-doped Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-BaTiO3

Na_1/2Bi_1/2TiO₃-based materials have been earmarked for one of the first large-volume applications of lead-free piezoceramics in high-power ultrasonics. Zn²⁺-doping is demonstrated as a viable route to enhance the thermal depolarization temperature and electromechanically harden (1-y)Na_1/2Bi_1/2TiO₃-yBaTiO₃ (NBT100yBT) with a maximum achievable operating temperature of 150 °C and mechanical quality factor of 627 for 1 mole % Zn²⁺-doped NBT6BT. Although quenching from sintering temperatures has been recently touted to enhance T_F-R, with quenching the doped compositions featuring an additional increase in T_F-R by 17 °C, it exhibits negligible effect on the electromechanical properties. The effect is rationalized considering the missing influence on conductivity and therefore, negligible changes in the defect chemistry upon quenching. High-resolution diffraction indicates that Zn²⁺-doped samples favor the tetragonal phase with enhanced lattice distortion, further corroborated by ²³Na Nuclear Magnetic Resonance investigations.     

Deterministic and probabilistic ship pitch prediction using a multi-predictor integration model based on hybrid data preprocessing,reinforcement learning and improved QRNN

The deterministic and probabilistic prediction of ship motion is important for safe navigation and stable real-time operational control of ships at sea. However, the volatility and randomness of ship motion, the non-adaptive nature of single predictors and the poor coverage of quantile regression pose serious challenges to uncertainty prediction, making research in this field limited. In this paper, a multi-predictor integration model based on hybrid data preprocessing, reinforcement learning and improved quantile regression neural network (QRNN) is proposed to explore the deterministic and probabilistic prediction of ship pitch motion. To validate the performance of the proposed multi-predictor integrated prediction model, an experimental study is conducted with three sets of actual ship longitudinal motions during sea trials in the South China Sea. The experimental results indicate that the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the proposed model of deterministic prediction are 0.0254°, 0.0359°, and 0.0188°, respectively. Taking series #2 as an example, the prediction interval coverage probabilities (PICPs) of the proposed model of probability predictions at 90%, 95%, and 99% confidence levels (CLs) are 0.9400, 0.9800, and 1.0000, respectively. This study signifies that the proposed model can provide trusted deterministic predictions and can effectively quantify the uncertainty of ship pitch motion, which has the potential to provide practical support for ship early warning systems.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of reddish-orange-emitting Ca2GdNbO6:Sm3+ phosphors with good thermal stability for high CRI white applications

Novel reddish-orange-emitting Ca₂GdNbO₆:Sm³⁺ phosphors based on the emission of ⁴G_5/2 → ⁶H_9/2 transition at 651 nm with the chromatic coordinate of (0.633, 0.366) were synthesized. The crystal structure and chemical purity were identified in detail. Under the 407 nm excitation, the optimum concentration of Sm³⁺ ion was found to be 5 mol% dominated by the dipole-dipole interaction in the Ca₂GdNbO₆ host material. The color purity of the sample with optimum doping was estimated to be about 78.38%. Besides, the thermal stability was also studied, and it was further found that the emission intensity remained 65.32% at 423 K. The packaged white LED device exhibited excellent CRI and CCT values of 92.43 and 4896 K. Finally, the polydimethylsiloxane film with a stable structure and flexible property was prepared. These above results reveal that novel reddish-orange-emitting Ca₂GdNbO₆:Sm³⁺ phosphors can be applied in high CRI white communication and flexible display applications.     

No-reference quality assessment of dynamic sports videos based on a spatiotemporal motion model

This paper proposes an approach to improve the performance of no-reference video quality assessment for sports videos with dynamic motion scenes using an efficient spatiotemporal model. In the proposed method, we divide the video sequences into video blocks and apply a 3D shearlet transform that can efficiently extract primary spatiotemporal features to capture dynamic natural motion scene statistics from the incoming video blocks. The concatenation of a deep residual bidirectional gated recurrent neural network and logistic regression is used to learn the spatiotemporal correlation more robustly and predict the perceptual quality score. In addition, conditional video block-wise constraints are incorporated into the objective function to improve quality estimation performance for the entire video. The experimental results show that the proposed method extracts spatiotemporal motion information more effectively and predicts the video quality with higher accuracy than the conventional no-reference video quality assessment methods.     

Surface structure and quenching effects in BiFeO3-BaTiO3 ceramics

The structure and properties of Mn-doped 0.67BiFeO₃-0.33BaTiO₃ ceramics are systematically investigated with respect to the effects of annealing prior to rapid cooling by quenching in air. Air-quenching induces a change in crystal structure from pseudo-cubic to rhombohedral, with higher quenching temperatures leading to an increased rhombohedral distortion. These structural changes are correlated with the appearance of more well-defined ferroelectric domain configurations. It is shown that the surface preparation procedures for XRD measurements can induce significant changes in the peak profiles, indicating differences in crystal structure between the surface and bulk regions. Frequency dispersion in the temperature-dependent relative permittivity for the as-sintered sample is significantly reduced after quenching, accompanied by enhancement of the Curie point and improved temperature-stability of piezoelectric properties. It is proposed that the formation of defect clusters by A-site cation diffusion during cooling is circumvented by quenching, leading to the observed modification of structural distortion and ferroelectric properties.     

气瓶内部淬火过程的流动换热特性

 大直径厚壁气瓶内部淬火时的流动换热过程极其复杂，受到多种因素的影响，而研究气瓶内部压强和温度的变化规律对改善流动换热效果、提高产品组织性能具有重要的理论指导意义。以914 mm厚壁气瓶和瓶内流体为研究对象，建立了二维等效流 固耦合模型；采用多喷嘴系统对气瓶内外进行喷水淬火，研究了气瓶总长、喷水流速及淬火时间对瓶内压强及内壁温度的影响，通过间歇淬火试验验证了数学模型的正确性。结果发现，气瓶长度对瓶内压强和瓶壁温度的影响显著，喷水流速次之，当喷水流速大于8 m/s后，水量对瓶壁的冷却效果大大降低；气瓶内壁长度方向的温度梯度分别随气瓶总长的增加和淬火时间的延长而减小，但基本不受喷水量的影响。     

Effect of different quenching processes following solid-solution treatment on properties and precipitation behaviors of 7050 alloy

The effects of quenching in different ways following solid-solution treatment on properties and precipitation behaviors of 7050 alloy were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), hardness and electrical conductivity tests. Results show that after quenching in different ways, electrical conductivity of the alloy decreases rapidly in the first 48 h of natural aging. The electrical conductivity of 7050 alloy in natural aging state is determined by the size and density of GP zones, and the size of GP zones is the main factor. After natural aging for 70 d, the size of GP zones is 1.8–2.6 nm in matrix of the immersion quenched sample and it is 1.4–1.8 nm in matrix of both water mist and forced air quenched samples. After natural and artificial peak aging, the hardness of the water mist quenched sample is HV 193.6 and its electrical conductivity is 30.5% (IACS) which are both higher than those of the immersion quenched sample. Therefore, water mist quenching is an ideal quenching method for 7050 alloy sheets after solid-solution treatment.     

淬火温度对G105钢组织和性能的影响

利用硬度计、拉伸试验机、冲击试验机和光学显微镜等手段,研究了G105钢分别在890、910和930 ℃保温150 min淬火,随后进行630 ℃保温180 min回火处理后组织和性能变化。结果表明:随着淬火温度的升高,G105钢淬火硬度越来越高;经回火处理后,淬火温度为890 ℃和910 ℃时,调质硬度无太大差异,分别为33.2 HRC和32.7 HRC,淬火温度为930 ℃的调质硬度相对提高约1.5 HRC。试验钢强度随着淬火温度的升高也呈现升高趋势,但冲击韧性呈先升高后下降的趋势,这主要是由于调质后存在粒状碳化物的析出现象,导致其冲击韧性显著下降,故认为当淬火温度选取910 ℃时,获得的G105钢综合力学性能较佳。     

淬火配分处理对锻态Fe-0.2C-9Mn-3.5Al钢显微组织及力学行为的影响

分析了淬火配分处理对锻态Fe-0.2C-9Mn-3.5Al钢显微组织及力学行为的影响。结果表明,热处理态试验钢主要由块状δ-铁素体、马氏体和板条状残留奥氏体等多相构成;残留奥氏体的体积分数随等温淬火温度升高而增大,在310 ℃时达到峰值;310 ℃等温淬火后在400 ℃配分3 min时可以获得较优的综合力学性能,抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别为1175 MPa和21.50%,强塑积达到25.26 GPa·%;应力-应变曲线中存在着明显的“锯齿”状起伏,可能与亚稳态的残留奥氏体集中转变为马氏体有关。     

激光淬火对高速动车组EA4T车轴钢组织和性能的影响

为提高EA4T车轴钢的表面硬度和耐磨性能,采用激光淬火对调质态车轴进行表面改性。利用扫描电镜、显微硬度计、纳米压痕仪等对激光淬火层的微观组织、相变层深度和硬度进行了详细的表征。结果表明:EA4T车轴钢表面经过不同工艺激光淬火后,相变层内的淬火组织主要由细小的板条马氏体和粒状贝氏体组成,其深度根据工艺不同从100 μm到800 μm不等,并呈现随淬火功率的增加和扫描速度减小,相变层深度逐渐增加的趋势。淬火相变层区域内,车轴钢的显微硬度基本保持在450 HV0.2左右,约为基体硬度的2倍,耐磨性显著提高。由于淬火道次之间搭接的原因,淬火层呈现波形分布,其中波谷马氏体含量高于波峰位置,因此其硬度明显高于波峰处。