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1.
The most common form of cancer for women is breast cancer. Recent advances in medical imaging technologies increase the use of digital mammograms to diagnose breast cancer. Thus, an automated computerized system with high accuracy is needed. In this study, an efficient Deep Learning Architecture (DLA) with a Support Vector Machine (SVM) is designed for breast cancer diagnosis. It combines the ideas from DLA with SVM. The state-of-the-art Visual Geometric Group (VGG) architecture with 16 layers is employed in this study as it uses the small size of 3 × 3 convolution filters that reduces system complexity. The softmax layer in VGG assumes that the training samples belong to exactly only one class, which is not valid in a real situation, such as in medical image diagnosis. To overcome this situation, SVM is employed instead of the softmax layer in VGG. Data augmentation is also employed as DLA usually requires a large number of samples. VGG model with different SVM kernels is built to classify the mammograms. Results show that the VGG-SVM model has good potential for the classification of Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) database images with an accuracy of 98.67%, sensitivity of 99.32%, and specificity of 98.34%.  相似文献   
2.
郭航言  康敏  周玮 《表面技术》2022,51(4):308-316, 384
目的 优化刀具补偿算法,从而提高复杂曲面慢刀伺服车削加工的表面质量。方法 针对法向补偿算法容易导致X轴动态性能降低以及Z向补偿算法存在较大插值误差等问题,提出了一种基于坐标变换的几何补偿算法。通过坐标变换提高求解精度并简化算法,利用几何变换关系将X轴的补偿分量集中于Z轴,保证X轴的动态性能,并降低插值误差。以环曲面为例,对刀具补偿算法进行仿真分析和试验验证。结果 仿真结果显示,在法向补偿算法下X轴速度波动较大,而在本文提出的算法下X轴可以保持匀速运动;在刀具补偿环节,与本文提出的算法相比,Z向补偿算法产生的插值误差较大,最大插值误差达到了0.015mm以上。试验结果显示,在法向补偿算法下环曲面的表面粗糙度值最大(Ra=0.112μm),且远大于Z向补偿算法和本文提出的算法;而在Z向补偿算法和本文提出的算法下,环曲面的表面粗糙度值相差不大(分别是Ra=0.066μm和Ra=0.062μm)。在法向补偿算法、Z向补偿算法和本文提出的算法下得到的PV值分别为16.9、13.8、8.8μm。结论 在保证X轴动态性能的前提下,刀具补偿算法对表面粗糙度影响不大。与法向补偿算法和Z向补偿算法相比,本...  相似文献   
3.
基于刚体模型和小角度假设,传统的几何误差模型采用传递矩阵建立几何误差与测量机空间误差的关系。但通过传递矩阵建立的几何误差模型难以清晰揭示各单项几何误差对空间误差的影响关系。为了更清楚地表达单项几何误差对空间误差的影响关系,基于三轴测量机拓扑结构建立了各单项几何误差模型,分析了测量机各项阿贝误差产生机制。利用所建立的单项几何误差模型分析各单项几何误差的影响权重,对自研测量机高权重几何误差进行辨识与补偿,结果表明,补偿后测量机测量直径150 mm平面与直径60 mm凹球面的PV值分别达到344.32 nm和161.74 nm,面形误差与波面干涉仪测量结果基本一致。单项几何误差模型有助于了解阿贝误差的产生机理;提出的几何误差权重计算方法有助于实现对测量机敏感误差的精确控制,指导高精度测量机结构设计与测量精度的提升。  相似文献   
4.
采用粉末包埋法,以铁铌粉、氯化铵和氧化铝为主要原料,在不同温度(1123~1273 K)、不同处理时长(1~4 h)下分别研究了NbC涂层在40Cr和45钢上的生长动力学过程及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:涂层结构致密且与基体界面结合良好,主要由NbC相组成。在40Cr和45钢基体上,涂层厚度分别为1.703±0.285~8.457±0.240和1.987±0.355~9.247±0.275 μm。生长动力学研究表明,涂层生长受扩散过程控制,厚度与时间呈抛物线变化关系;在40Cr和45钢基体上,NbC相生长过程的活化能分别为113.80和102.76 kJ/mol。在1273 K下保温4 h,NbC涂层的硬度可达21 560 MPa以上,为钢基体硬度的5.49~8.06倍。以GCr15钢球作为对磨材料,测得40Cr/NbC和45钢/NbC材料的平均摩擦系数分别为0.393和0.342,而基体的平均摩擦系数为NbC涂层的1.3~1.6倍。NbC涂层的体积磨损率约为钢基体的34.9%~37.5%,表明NbC涂层具有优异的耐磨减磨性能,其摩擦磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和氧化磨损。  相似文献   
5.
Fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of 9Cr/CrMoV dissimilar welded joint at elevated temperature and different stress ratios was investigated. Attention was paid to the region near the fusion line of 9Cr where carbon-enriched zone (CEZ) and carbon-depleted zone (CDZ) formed due to carbon migration during the welding process. Hard and brittle tempered martensite dominated the stress ratio-insensitive FCG behavior in the coarse grain zone (CGZ) of 9Cr-HAZ. For crack near the CGZ-CEZ interface, crack deflection through the CEZ and into the CDZ was observed, accompanied by an accelerating FCG rate. Compared with the severe plastic deformation near the secondary crack in 9Cr-CGZ, the electron back-scattered diffraction analysis showed less deformation and lower resistance in the direction toward the brittle CEZ, which resulted in the transverse deflection. In spite of the plastic feature in CDZ revealed by fracture morphology, the less carbides due to carbon migration led to lower strength and weaker FCG resistance property in this region. In conclusion, the plasticity deterioration in CEZ and strength loss in CDZ accounted for the FCG path deflection and FCG rate acceleration, respectively, which aggravated the worst FCG resistance property of 9Cr-HAZ in the dissimilar welded joint.  相似文献   
6.
The growth characteristic of primary faceted Al2Cu intermetallic compounds (IMCs) during solidification was observed directly by synchrotron radiography. The formation and transition mechanisms of Al2Cu IMCs with diverse morphologies were elucidated by first-principle calculations combined with electron backscatter diffraction analysis. The Al2Cu crystals preferred to grow along the [001] direction and were bounded by {110} planes with the lowest surface energy. The faceted Al2Cu rod-like clusters consisted of multiple crystals with complete rod, hollowness and partial sides, which was attributed to the increase in strain energy and solute redistribution during solidification. The faceted Al2Cu with branches was characteristic with the perpendicular relationship between the main branches and side steps and partial coalescence at the junction, which was ascribed to the continuous propagation and growth of newly formed crystals along the diagonal direction.  相似文献   
7.
The abundancy of defect sinks in the microstructure of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processed austenitic stainless steels was found to be beneficial for helium resistance. In the current study, the influence of the novel microstructure in LPBF processed 304L on the helium bubble growth behaviour was investigated using transmission electron microscopy in samples implanted with He+ ion and post-irradiation annealing treated at 600 °C for 1 h. Two variants of LPBF processed 304L samples were used, one in as-built condition and the other solution-annealed. The comparison between the two samples indicated that the helium bubble growth was inhibited and remained stable in the as-built sample but coarsened significantly in the solution-annealed sample. The sub-grain boundaries and oxide nano-inclusions acted as defect sinks to trap helium atoms and inhibited the growth of helium bubble in the as-built sample under the post-irradiation annealing conditions used.  相似文献   
8.
基于电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD)和薄膜材料晶粒生长模型理论,对高压阳极铝箔在不同升温速率下退火的晶粒尺寸及其生长动力学进行了研究。结果表明:依据典型的等温晶粒生长方程,可以计算得出晶粒生长指数n=4,活化能Qg=129 kJ/mol,速率常数K=1.28×10-8 m4·s-1。基于薄膜材料的晶粒生长模型和能量各向异性特性,解释了(001)取向晶粒得以快速生长的原因,且发现这些快速生长的晶粒与S晶粒呈40°<111>取向关系。  相似文献   
9.
闫等  彭丽桃  李杰  杨书珍 《食品科学》2022,43(6):189-194
目的:通过基因干扰和过表达技术,研究V-ATP酶H亚基(V-ATPase membrane subunit H,VMAH)蛋白在柑橘绿霉病菌指状青霉生长中的生理功能,及其作为抗柑橘绿霉病药物作用靶点的可行性。方法:采用菌丝生长法和孢子萌发法,研究沉默和过表达VMAH基因对正常和胁迫条件下指状青霉细胞生长特性的影响。结果:在正常生长条件下,沉默VMAH基因显著抑制了指状青霉菌丝体的生长;而过表达VMAH基因对菌体生长表现出显著促进作用。在不同pH值环境下,沉默VMAH基因显著抑制了指状青霉菌丝的生长,尤其在偏酸性(pH值低于2)和偏碱性(pH值高于8)条件下尤为显著;而过表达VMAH基因在一定程度上促进了菌体菌丝的生长,pH值为6时,其促进作用最显著。与野生株相比,沉默VMAH基因对胞外Ca2+、Cu2+、Fe2+等金属离子胁迫处理较为敏感。VMAH基因沉默菌株对质子泵抑制剂类杀菌剂的敏感性显著增加,尤其V-ATP酶专一性抑制剂巴佛洛霉素A1最为明显;而VMAH基因过表达菌株对质子泵抑制剂类杀菌剂的敏感性显著降低。结论:VMAH在指状青霉生长过程中发挥重要作用,是研发低耐药性柑橘采后杀菌剂的潜在作用靶点。  相似文献   
10.
Design decision-making is a vital activity for selecting an optimal scheme for product development. Owing to the uncertainty and ambiguity of design requirements and constraints, several product design phases are often deployed for concept refinement, which makes multistage product design decision-making (MPDDM) and the effective fusion of MPDDM data indispensable. However, few existing methods have considered the nonlinear relationships among the MPDDM information. Therefore, a nonlinear fusion method for MPDDM was proposed in this study. This method applies a three-parameter interval grey number to depict decision-makers’ judgement about product design schemes. Based on converting linguistic judgements into interval scales, an interval analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was employed to calculate the weights of the design criteria, decision-makers, and decision-making stages. Considering the advantage of integrating multiple matrices without requiring external control parameters, a multistage decision-making fusion process using a plant growth simulation algorithm (PGSA) was proposed to aggregate multistage decision-making data for product design. A case study was conducted to collect multistage decision-making data, and the PGSA was developed. Through comparison with the extant method, the effectiveness and feasibility of the fusion of MPDDM was verified. The results indicate that (1) uncertainty perceived by decision-makers at three stages accounted for 96.7%, 95%, and 97.2%, respectively. The “center of gravity” of a three-parameter interval grey number, which reflects the largest possibility of decision-makers’ preferences, is not always equally distant from its maximum or minimum value (73.9%). (2) The optimization model using interval AHP to calculate the weights of decision-making indicators and stages is conducive to reducing the decision-maker’s uncertainty. (3) The global search mechanism of the PGSA can effectively realize the nonlinear fusion of MPDDM.  相似文献   
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