真空绝热板导热系数与板内真空度关系研究

以理论模型计算和实验样品测试相对比的方法,研究了两种不同芯材真空绝热板导热系数与板内真空度之间的关系,利用逆真空法对真空绝热板板内压力进行了测试.探讨了真空绝热板制作工艺参数,保持板内真空度及延长使用寿命的方法.     

Ni/Zr-Co-Re堆栈层薄膜吸气剂的吸气性能及Ni作用机理研究

采用磁控溅射的方法制备了带有Ni保护层和Zr-Co-Re(Re代表稀土元素)主体层的堆栈层薄膜吸气剂。通过X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)分析了薄膜吸气剂内部O元素的含量分布,研究了薄膜吸气剂中Ni层的防氧化作用和机理。研究表明:(1)Ni/Zr-CoRe堆栈层薄膜吸气剂在160℃保温3h的条件下可以有效激活,并具有高于Zr-Co-Ni单层薄膜吸气剂的吸气性能;(2)Ni保护层降低了吸气剂的被氧化程度,促进了表面吸附的H2分子的解离和扩散。     

An Effective Mitigation for Phosphine Present in Ammunition Container Assemblies and in Munitions Containing Red Phosphorus

A major issue associated with munitions containing red phosphorus is that, during storage, red phosphorus can react, in the presence of moisture and air, to form a mixture of corrosive phosphorus acids and the toxic gas phosphine. This has raised serious concerns relating to the health and safety of personnel handling these munitions. This paper details the studies undertaken to assess the suitability of a chemically impregnated activated carbon cloth (phosphine getter material – PGM) for the static adsorption of phosphine evolved from munitions containing red phosphorus and its effective mitigation of phosphine present in both ammunition container assemblies and within the main body of munitions of this type. Laboratory assessment of PGM was undertaken along with real‐life ammunition container assembly trials covering several munitions containing red phosphorus and accelerated ageing trials using modified countermeasure cartridges. Reaction products formed from the reaction of phosphine with chemical impregnates were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX). Aqueous extraction of the phosphine reacted PGM confirmed the presence of the acidic species orthophosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) and phosphorus acid (H₃PO₃).     

Radiation protection of mox-fuel by doping with Pa and U

The paper addresses the problem of MOX-fuel self-protection at the “Spent Fuel Standard” level and more during full cycle of MOX-fuel management. Under conditions of the closed LWR cycle the proliferation-resistance levels were evaluated for fresh and spent MOX-fuel doped with ²³¹Pa and ²³²U. According to the evaluations, it was derived that cyclic regime with Pa-U feeding at the level of 5% HM makes it possible to achieve the proliferation resistance of fresh MOX-fuel at the level high enough to protect it against short-term unauthorized actions (receiving the lethal dose for about 10 minutes in the vicinity of MOX-fuel assembly) and also against the acts of terrorism (receiving the shock lethal dose for a few minutes).     

多孔烧结体室温吸气剂吸气动力学模型

从微孔中气体分子流扩散及表面化学吸附出发，探讨了多孔烧结体室温吸气剂吸气动力学模型。当气体分子在微孔中的扩散速率远低于孔壁吸气速率时，微孔内气体传质过程制约了吸气剂的吸气速率，其特点是吸气速率值不高，但衰减缓慢。     

新型非蒸散消气剂的激活温度和吸气性能的实验研究

对主要成分为Zr和Co的新型非蒸散消气剂进行了活化温度及吸气性能的实验研究。实验表明其活化温度为200—250℃，对N2，H2等活性气体有很好的抽速，对惰性气体He等无抽速。     

New high capacity getter for vacuum insulated mobile LH2 storage tank systems

Current “Non-evaporable getters” (NEGs) are important for the improvement of vacuum by the help of metallic surface sorption of residual gas molecules. High porosity alloys or powder mixtures of Zr, Ti, Al, V, Fe and other metals are the base material for this kind of gas sorbents. The development of vacuum technologies creates new challenges for the field of getter materials. The main sorption parameters of the current NEGs, namely, pumping speed and sorption capacity, have reached certain level limits. Chemically active metals are the basis of NEGs of a new generation. The appearance of new materials with high sorption capacity at room temperature is a long-felt need. It is obvious, that chemically active metals and alloys with reactivity higher, than that of transition metals, can become this kind of materials. The potential of active metals as the strongest gas sorbents is very high. The improved getter materials allow faster pumping speed. The sticking rate on the chemically active surface is significantly higher, and sorption capacity can be increased by up to 104 times (during the life-time of a device the entire getter material reacts with residual gases). The main structural form of the new getter concepts are spherical powders, granules and porous multi-layers. The full pumping performance takes already place at room temperature and the activation temperature can be adjusted between room temperature and 660 °C. The successful insertion of this new chemical getter pump in a mobile double-walled LH₂ tank system shows the very high sorption capacity of all relevant residual gases including H₂. This new invention opens the possibility for significant vacuum improvements especially in the field of H₂ pumping, which is an important challenge in many different vacuum devices and processes.     

吸气剂真空感应熔炼系统的改进

介绍降低吸气剂真空感应熔炼系统极限压力的措施和效果.     

吸气剂重复激活次数对吸气效能的影响

红外探测器杜瓦的真空可靠性对杜瓦正常工作有重大意义。若吸气剂激活后吸气能力下降,则杜瓦的长期真空可靠性存在风险。通过测试锆钒铁吸气剂在真空环境中的重复激活次数对吸气剂吸气效能的影响,获得了相应的吸气量与吸气速率变化数据。结果表明,随着重复激活次数的增加,吸气剂的饱和吸气总量无明显变化,且初始吸气速率略微提高,最后趋于稳定。实验结果可用于指导后续杜瓦封装工艺。     

Effect of coating morphology on the electron stimulated desorption from Ti-Zr-Hf-V nonevaporable-getter-coated stainless steel

The electron stimulated desorption (ESD) was studied for quaternary Ti-Zr-Hf-V alloy coated stainless steel samples with different surface structures: dense on one sample and columnar on another. The ESD yields were measured as a function of electron accumulated dose up to ∼10²³ e⁻/m² or greater and three different NEG coating activation temperatures: 150, 180 and 250 °C. After each ESD experiment the samples were saturated with a mixture of H₂, CO and CO₂. Both samples depicted lower ESD yields for all desorbed species compared to a ternary Ti-Zr-V alloy. It was also shown that although the columnar NEG coating demonstrated better pumping properties and, for NEG activated at 150 °C, lower initial ESD yields, the higher activation temperature may result in a significant H₂ yield increase with dose for the columnar NEG coating. This effect was demonstrated for the first time and should be considered for application in particle accelerators.