南水北调中线总干渠藻类的生态调度

南水北调中线总干渠无在线调蓄水库,对藻类生态调度过程中出现的问题开展生态调度实现策略和实施方式研究。主要实现策略包括:划定自身的调蓄区,隔离生态调度对下游的影响;采用高效的渠池运行方式,减少生态调度时蓄量的反复调整;综合考虑安全、快速、平稳等需求,设定生态调度实施进程和方式。具体实施方式包括:将总干渠划分为流速调控区、调蓄区和正常运行区,分别实施等体积、控制蓄量和闸前常水位方式运行;将生态调度过程划分为充水阶段和泄水阶段,基于流速调控目标值、持续时长和水位降幅约束条件,确定各阶段时长和各分区的闸门群调控方案等。基于2018年3月输水工况,采用明渠一维非恒定流模型,仿真总干渠上游15个渠池的藻类生态调度过程。结果表明,生态调度可在3.5 d内完成,各渠池的平均流速由0.48 m/s增至0.93 m/s,持续时间超过2 h。在整个生态调度过程中,水位变化平稳,水位变幅符合安全阈值要求,下游渠道的正常运行未受生态调度明显影响。     

Comparing open data benchmarks: Which metrics and methodologies determine countries’ positions in the ranking lists?

An understanding of the similar and divergent metrics and methodologies underlying open government data benchmarks can reduce the risks of the potential misinterpretation and misuse of benchmarking outcomes by policymakers, politicians, and researchers. Hence, this study aims to compare the metrics and methodologies used to measure, benchmark, and rank governments' progress in open government data initiatives. Using a critical meta-analysis approach, we compare nine benchmarks with reference to meta-data, meta-methods, and meta-theories. This study finds that both existing open government data benchmarks and academic open data progress models use a great variety of metrics and methodologies, although open data impact is not usually measured. While several benchmarks’ methods have changed over time, and variables measured have been adjusted, we did not identify a similar pattern for academic open data progress models. This study contributes to open data research in three ways: 1) it reveals the strengths and weaknesses of existing open government data benchmarks and academic open data progress models; 2) it reveals that the selected open data benchmarks employ relatively similar measures as the theoretical open data progress models; and 3) it provides an updated overview of the different approaches used to measure open government data initiatives’ progress. Finally, this study offers two practical contributions: 1) it provides the basis for combining the strengths of benchmarks to create more comprehensive approaches for measuring governments’ progress in open data initiatives; and 2) it explains why particular countries are ranked in a certain way. This information is essential for governments and researchers to identify and propose effective measures to improve their open data initiatives.     

Genome-Wide Analyses of the Temperature-Responsive Genetic Loci of the Pectinolytic Plant Pathogenic Pectobacterium atrosepticum

Temperature is one of the critical factors affecting gene expression in bacteria. Despite the general interest in the link between bacterial phenotypes and environmental temperature, little is known about temperature-dependent gene expression in plant pathogenic Pectobacterium atrosepticum, a causative agent of potato blackleg and tuber soft rot worldwide. In this study, twenty-nine P. atrosepticum SCRI1043 thermoregulated genes were identified using Tn5-based transposon mutagenesis coupled with an inducible promotorless gusA gene as a reporter. From the pool of 29 genes, 14 were up-regulated at 18 °C, whereas 15 other genes were up-regulated at 28 °C. Among the thermoregulated loci, genes involved in primary bacterial metabolism, membrane-related proteins, fitness-corresponding factors, and several hypothetical proteins were found. The Tn5 mutants were tested for their pathogenicity in planta and for features that are likely to remain important for the pathogen to succeed in the (plant) environment. Five Tn5 mutants expressed visible phenotypes differentiating these mutants from the phenotype of the SCRI1043 wild-type strain. The gene disruptions in the Tn5 transposon mutants caused alterations in bacterial generation time, ability to form a biofilm, production of lipopolysaccharides, and virulence on potato tuber slices. The consequences of environmental temperature on the ability of P. atrosepticum to cause disease symptoms in potato are discussed.     

The challenges of regulating water and sanitation tariffs under a three-level shared-authority federalism model: The case of Brazil

Water and sanitation regulation in Brazil shall be addressed as part of a major problem that involves institutional disputes and legal uncertainty. The paper investigates the hypothesis that the complex institutional framework plays a central role in explaining country's poor performance in the sector. Methodology is mainly qualitative, presenting an analysis that shows how political, institutional and legal hurdles play a major role in explaining the government's inability to secure a financially self-sustainable structure to the sector. The paper suggests that empowering the National Water Agency to issue general guidelines may help reducing transaction costs and fostering sector's development.     

应用变频器技术实现SO2风机节能改造

铜目前,硫酸车间制酸一系列共有三台SO2风机,这三台风机均采用液力耦合器的调速方式,这种方式可以实现无极调速,但是存在着传动效率低,耗能大的缺点,并且这三台风机均已使用20年以上,处于设备的中晚期,工作效率已大大降低。目前行业内,均采用先进的变频调速方式。使用变频器来控制风机的转速,可以极大的节省电能,尤其是在低负荷情况下,可以实现低转速运转,大大提高硫酸系统的综合能耗指标。     

印度尼西亚现行油气合同财税条款分析

2017年1月16日,印度尼西亚能源与矿产资源部部长颁布了一个新的条例MR No.8/2017。该新条例的一个关键变化是取消成本回收机制。2017年8月29日,印度尼西亚能源和矿产资源部又发布了部长条例MR No.52/201,更新和修订了最初的MR No.8/2017的部分条款。该法令在考虑了上游承包商的反馈之后,为了刺激国内的上游投资而修订。本文首先详细介绍了MR No.8/2017条款和MR No.52/2017条款的颁布背景及内容含义,然后采用数据对比的方式说明了两个条款的不同之处。最后,阐述了条款的修订意义,分析结果说明印尼现行油气合同财税条款的修订与更新为石油提供财政利益和法律确定性,迫使上游部门以更有效的方式运作,努力刺激上游行业的投资,为印度尼西亚上游行业的投资者带来更大的透明度。     

ACD320DF双燃料发动机调速执行机构设计分析

针对ACD320DF发动机进行调速执行机构设计;采用PROE软件对所设计的调速执行机构进行建模并做仿真分析。分析结果表明:现有燃油供给系统能灵活加减油门,实现对发动机的有效控制;起动瞬间是弹簧连接杆受力最大时刻,此刻的受力可作为弹簧连接杆设计的主要依据;优化后的结构能适应双倍的齿条阻力。     

All the players in the game: driving home the global commitment for legitimate drugs

Substandard, falsified, and counterfeit medications are a concern for the industry and for the public’s health. Data collection and research on these illegitimate drugs must continue to be a priority and common recommendations must be implemented immediately. The health of the public continues to be at risk, and as such global consensus and collaboration must be swift. Process improvements and policy decisions can support expert recommendations while technology and research continue to drive home change. Addressing counterfeit and substandard drugs is cost effective, feasible, and the right thing to do.