Fabrication of oxide-based near infrared-shielding coatings for a smart window to prevent infrared-induced photoaging in human skin

Oxide-based near infrared (IR)-shielding coatings consisting of quarter‐wave stacks of oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide (Ta₂O_5?x) and silicon oxide (SiO₂) multilayers and tin-doped indium oxide (In₂O₃) (ITO) films with the thicknesses of 200–600 nm can block the passage of IR-A (wavelength: 760–1400 nm) and IR-B (wavelength: 1400–3000 nm) radiation, respectively. In this study, the optical properties and microstructure of these oxide-based IR-shielding coatings were investigated. Transmission electron microscopy images indicated that amorphous Ta₂O_5?x/amorphous SiO₂ multilayers were uniform and dense. ITO films were found to be highly crystalline and show carrier concentrations of up to 7.1 × 10²⁰ cm^?3, resulting in the strong IR-B optical absorption due to the plasma excitation of the free carriers. Oxide-based IR-shielding coatings with an ITO thickness of 420 nm were found to have near-IR shielding rates of >90% and an average visible light transmittance of >70%. The effects of IR on human keratinocytes were studied to evaluate the IR-induced photoaging in human skin. It was found that the downregulation of cellular proliferation and the enhancement of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity induced by IR irradiation were significantly inhibited by oxide-based IR-shielding coatings. Thus, this study provides a facile method for the development of coatings for smart windows with high IR-shielding ability and high visible light transmittance.     

Reduced texaphyrin: A ratiometric optical sensor for heavy metals in aqueous solution

We report here a water-soluble metal cation sensor system based on the as-prepared or reduced form of an expanded porphyrin, texaphyrin. Upon metal complexation, a change in the redox state of the ligand occurs that is accompanied by a color change from red to green. Although long employed for synthesis in organic media, we have now found that this complexation-driven redox behavior may be used to achieve the naked eye detectable colorimetric sensing of several number of less-common metal ions in aqueous media. Exposure to In(III), Hg(II), Cd(II), Mn(II), Bi(III), Co(II), and Pb(II) cations leads to a colorimetric response within 10 min. This process is selective for Hg(II) under conditions of competitive analysis. Furthermore, among the subset of response-producing cations, In(III) proved unique in giving rise to a ratiometric change in the ligand-based fluorescence features, including an overall increase in intensity. The cation selectivity observed in aqueous media stands in contrast to what is seen in organic solvents, where a wide range of texaphyrin metal complexes may be prepared. The formation of metal cation complexes under the present aqueous conditions was confirmed by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography, ultra-violet-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies, and high-resolution mass spectrometry.     

用于金属密封联接的自动热压封接设备研制

针对手工作业难以保证铟封工艺的质量和一致性,研制了一台自动热压封接设备,用于实现某型号精密金属器件的密封。分析了金属铟封的热压工艺过程和工艺参数;介绍了自动热压封接设备的基本结构和控制系统;详细说明了设备温度、压力等工艺参数的控制方法,并对研制设备的压力、温度的控制性能进行了测试实验。使用研制的设备进行了热压铟封实验,并对连接的可靠性和密封性能进行了测试。结果表明,热压铟封后的金属器件符合产品要求。该设备能够保证精密金属器件的封接质量和一致性,提高了铟封工艺的自动化程度,提高了生产效率。     

In_2W_3O_(12)陶瓷的相变特性及其负热膨胀性能(英文)

以分析纯In2O3和WO3为原料,采用固相反应法制备In2W3O12陶瓷。利用X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪、差示扫描量热仪和热机械分析仪对样品的物相组成、微观结构、相变和热膨胀特性进行了表征。结果表明:在900℃烧结6h可制备出纯的单斜相In2W3O12陶瓷,In2W3O12陶瓷断面晶粒均匀,平均尺寸为4～6μm。In2W3O12陶瓷在253.34℃发生单斜相到斜方相的相转变,单斜相的In2W3O12陶瓷显示正热膨胀,在27～249℃,其平均热膨胀系数为16.51×10-6℃-1,斜方相的In2W3O12陶瓷显示负热膨胀,在273～700℃,其平均热膨胀系数为-3.00×10-6℃-1。     

Carbon nanotube–polyaniline composites

The last decade has seen a growing interest in hybrid electrically conducting nanocomposites. This article aims to provide a detailed overview of the present status of research in carbon nanotube–polyaniline (CNT/PANI) composites, from processing to structural and property evaluations. CNT/PANI are synthesized by electrochemical and chemical processing. When chemical methods are used, the main challenge is to obtain processable CNT/PANI in the emeraldine salt (ES) form composites. Stable dispersions of ES–CNT in organic media are prepared using the post doping method, inverse emulsion polymerization, or ex situ polymerizations. On the contrary, stable water dispersions of CNT/ES are prepared using hydrophilization of a preformed CNT/ES composite, direct synthesis of micelle–CNT hybrid templates, interfacial polymerization, covalent functionalization of CNT with a water soluble polymer, or using electrostatic interactions between two oppositely charged ES and CNT aqueous colloids. Moreover, the strategies for the synthesis of ternary CNT/PANI composites incorporating noble metal nanoparticles, metal oxide, or graphene sheets are also presented and analyzed in depth. Finally, we give a review of potential applications, including chemical sensors, capacitors, fuel cells and electronic devices.     

冲击倾向性煤体破坏过程声热效应的试验研究

介绍自行设计的多系统、同步监测试验机构，并对冲击倾向性煤体分别进行单向加载和循环加载破坏试验。利用系统所具有的红外热像、声发射、应变等监测方式，分析两种加载条件下，冲击倾向性煤体破坏过程的声、热效应及破坏前的异常信息特征。对比研究不同监测方式下，冲击倾向性煤体中同一破坏事件的响应速度以及各自响应的灵敏度；获得冲击倾向性煤体的固有物理力学特性，并发现强冲击倾向性和非冲击倾向性煤体单轴压缩时的最终破坏前兆点分别为0．9和0．7个荷载强度比，也说明强冲击倾向性煤体的失稳破坏更突然、更难于预测。     

浅谈公路桥头跳车产生原因及防治措施

分析了引起桥头跳车现象的原因,并针对这些原因提出了桥头跳车的防治措施,以合理缩小造价和缩短施工工期,有效避免桥头跳车病害的产生,保证行车舒适与安全。     

浅谈公路桥头跳车的成因及处理措施

从设计、施工和回填采料等不同角度并结合工程实践综合分析桥头跳车的形成原因,针对不同地基和不同成因的桥头跳车提出处理措施,虽然所采取的措施并不能完全消除桥头跳车现象,但实践证明能有助于提高台背回填工程质量和行车舒适性。     

氟化镓—铟系统玻璃性质研究

制备了一组氟化镓铟系统玻璃．用差热分析测定了玻璃的各特征温度，计算了其稳定性判据值，发现ＩｎＦ３的引入使玻璃中出现了“混合效应”，提高了其稳定性．用红外光谱测定了各玻璃的红外截止波长，分析讨论了ＩｎＦ３含量变化对玻璃红外透过性质的影响．研究了玻璃密度和折射率等物理性质随成分变化的规律．结果表明：氟化镓铟玻璃具有较好的稳定性和较宽的红外透过范围；合理的玻璃组成能进一步改善其物理性质．