Iron Loss Calculation of AC Filter Inductor for Three‐Phase PWM Inverters

In recent years, remarkable advancement of new power semiconductor devices, such as SiC and GaN, enables the increase of switching frequency of power converters, and hence the volume of passive components, such as ac filters and transformers, can be reduced. However, temperature rise caused by the inductor loss is increasing, and hence iron loss evaluation of the inductor is one of the most important issues to realize high power density converters. Conventionally, an improved generalized Steinmetz equation (iGSE) has proposed in order to calculate the iron loss under a pulse voltage magnetizing condition. However, accurate iron loss calculation of the ac filter inductor used in a PWM inverter cannot be realized. The authors have proposed two methods of iron loss evaluation of ac filter inductors. The first one is a loss map method which can calculate the iron loss without using a real PWM inverter. Another one is an ILA (Inductor Loss Analyzer) which can measure the iron loss in every switching period in a real PWM inverter. In this paper, comparisons of the iron loss between the ILA and the loss map method on both the single‐phase and three‐phase inverters are studied. It is found that iron loss of the ac filter inductor in the three‐phase PWM inverter which is calculated by the loss map method cause a large error on a specific condition. In order to prevent the calculation error, the authors proposed a revised loss map method and proved the effectiveness of the method.     

Verification of Iron Loss Calculation Method Using a High‐Precision Iron Loss Analyzer

Because of the improved performance of power devices, the volume of the ac filter inductors used in high‐frequency PWM inverters has been reduced. However, the temperature rise in the filter inductor due to this miniaturization has become more pronounced. Therefore, we have proposed an iron loss calculation method for the ac filter inductor. However, the accuracy of the value calculated via the loss map method cannot be verified, because the iron loss arising during each switching period cannot be measured with conventional power measuring instruments. In order to resolve this problem, we developed an inductor loss analyzer (ILA), which allows precise measurement of the iron loss in the inductor during each switching period. The accuracy of the calculation of iron loss in the filter inductor by the loss map method was verified with the ILA. We found that the value calculated by the loss map method differed slightly from the value measured with the ILA. However, these differences can be reduced if we take into account the accurate flux density calculation and the effect of the duty ratio of PWM pulses on the loss. Finally, we verified that the loss map method can provide accurate iron loss calculations.     

Small signal modelling and control of high gain coupled inductor boost inverter for solid oxide fuel cell based power generation system

Small signal model of high gain coupled inductor boost inverter is established in presented work. Developed small signal model is then integrated with the model of planar solid oxide fuel cell and simulation of complete system is realized using MATLAB/Simulink environment and compared with the already developed fuel cell-based power converters. Coupled inductor boost converter was chosen to achieve higher gain in dc link voltage by selecting the appropriate turn ratio. Small signal model for dc-dc and dc-ac stages is derived separately and accordingly control system is designed. Dual loop with feed forward control scheme for coupled inductor boost inverter resulted in good performance like stable dc link, fast transient response, low total harmonic distortion (THD) and input disturbance rejection. Mathematical analysis, simulation and hardware results prove the stability and reliability of the complete system.     

GaAs MMIC用无源元件的模型

制作了不同结构参数的GaAs MMIC无源元件,包括矩形螺旋电感、MIM电容和薄膜电阻,建立了无源元件的等效电路模型库,采用多项式公式表征无源元件的模型参数和性能参数,便于电路设计的应用.并提取得到MIM电容的单位面积电容值,约为195pF/mm2,NiCr薄膜电阻的方块电阻约为16.1Ω/□.分析结构参数对螺旋电感性能的影响可知,减小线圈面积相关的寄生损耗有助于获得高品质的电感.     

基于相位补偿和虚拟阻抗优化的LCL型并网变流器改进控制

LCL型并网变流器常采用同步旋转坐标系下基于变流器侧电感电流的并网控制,但LCL型滤波器和数字延迟的dq轴模型均存在轴间耦合,制约了并网性能,且随着开关频率降低,性能恶化更为明显。针对该问题,文中在建立LCL型并网变流器复矢量模型的基础上,对并网变流器耦合特性和传统解耦方案进行分析。针对现有方案的不足,提出了一种基于相位补偿和虚拟阻抗优化的LCL型并网变流器改进控制策略,通过零极点图详细分析了虚拟阻抗对系统耦合程度及系统阻尼特性的影响,进而给出了确定3个参数优化值的方法。最后,仿真和实验结果表明,与现有方案相比,所提策略能够实现对系统耦合程度及阻尼特性的独立控制,有效实现解耦并改善系统动态性能。     

用于电励磁同步电机的软开关直流变换器

本文提出了一种适用于励磁同步电动机负载的谐振软开关变换器及其参数设计方法。结合谐振原理,在变换器拓扑中引入耦合电感与谐振电路,并利用Matlab程序绘制三维图,综合考虑开关管最大电压应力、最大电流应力、电感耦合系数及占空比之间的关系,计算并优化出合理的变换器参数。使变换器具有低脉动、低损耗、小体积、高功率密度的特性,同时可抑制负载中寄生参数的影响,提高变换器工作的稳定性。基于750 W的实验样机,给出了具体的参数设计过程,并对参数设计结果进行实验验证。     

Z-源稀疏矩阵变换器励磁的双馈风力发电系统

针对矩阵变换器电压传输比低和其励磁的双馈风力发电系统(DFIG)易受非正常输入波动影响的不足,提出了一种适用于DFIG励磁的Z-源稀疏矩阵变换器系统。利用Z-源的升压特性来提高电压传输比,检测电容电压实现对直通因子的自动调节,从而实现对网侧波动的自动抑制。建立了系统数学模型,推导了DFIG系统定子磁场定向矢量控制策略表达式,搭建试验样机对所提方案进行试验验证,在亚同步、同步、超同步三种发电状态下的波形和并网试验结果验证了方案的可行和有效性。     

一种新颖采用磁集成技术大功率组合式高增益Boost变流器研究

为满足规模化储能系统及直流母线型分布式发电系统对大功率、高增益、高效率和高功率密度直流升压变换器的要求,提出了一种适用于大功率应用场合的组合式双输入高增益磁集成Boost变流器,并研究了该拓扑组合复用和控制策略。首先详细介绍了所提出的新型变流器的电路结构、工作模态和电气性能,推演出变流器电压增益、开关管应力及电感电流纹波特性,并分别讨论了组合拓扑的交叉控制和互补控制策略,通过与传统双输入Boost变流器的电压增益对比,该拓扑在两种控制模式下均具备更大电压增益和更小的电流纹波;其次推导了静态等效电感和暂态等效电感,以及耦合电感下稳态电流纹波和暂态电流响应速度的关系,给出耦合电感设计准则;最后制作实验样机进行测试,结果证明了理论分析的正确性。新拓扑较之传统高增益大功率升压变流器具备高增益、高功率密度、低应力和低纹波的优势,具备极大的研究价值和实用潜力。     

耦合电感低电压应力Boost变换器

提出了一种可应用于光伏发电系统的含耦合电感低电压应力Boost变换器。因传统的Z 源Boost变换器开关元件直接与负载相连而具有较高的电压应力,所提出的变换器通过耦合电感将开关元件与负载进行了隔离,可以有效减小开关元件的电压应力。新的变换器不仅保留原Z 源网络优点,同时可以在占空比相同的情况下通过调节耦合电感匝比来获得更高的电压增益。简要分析了所提拓扑的运行流程,并通过仿真验证了所提拓扑的可行性。     

A hybrid approach for the sensitivity analysis of integrated inductors

This paper proposes a hybrid methodology for the evaluation of integrated inductors sensitivity against technological/geometrical parameters variation. The obtained results are used in an optimization-based design environment for integrated inductors, as a way of guaranteeing that obtained solutions are robust against parameter variation. For the inductor characterization, a lumped element model is used, where each element value is evaluated through physics based equations. The sensitivity of the inductor characterization to parameter variations is evaluated at two levels. At the physical level, the sensitivity of the model element values to technological/geometrical parameters variations is computed through an equation-based strategy. Then, the sensitivity of the inductor characterization to the model parameter variations is obtained through a simulation-based approach, where the Richardson extrapolation technique is used for the calculation of the partial derivatives. Several examples considering the evaluation of sensitivity of both inductance and quality factor of two inductors in UMC130 technology are presented. Obtained results are compared against Monte-Carlo simulations.