Crystalline lens thickness change is associated with axial length elongation and myopia progression in orthokeratology

AimsConsidering individual variability in regards to the effects of orthokeratology (ortho-k) on myopia progression and controversies regarding the precise underlying mechanism, the aim of this study was to investigate several ocular measurements associated with axial length (AL) growth in children wearing ortho-k lenses.MethodsIn this retrospective chart review, medical records of 53 Chinese children who wore ortho-k lenses over the course of 12 months were reviewed. Baseline variables included age at initiation of ortho-k wear, refractive error (spherical equivalent, SE), central corneal thickness (CCT), and flat and steep keratometry of corneal principal meridians. The change of anterior chamber depth (ACD) and the change of crystalline lens thickness (CLT) between baseline and the 12-month follow-up were also analyzed. The contributions of all analyzed variables to AL change were assessed using univariate and multivariate regression analyses.ResultsInitially, the results of paired t-test showed that CLT and AL were significantly increased after 12 months of ortho-k wear compared with that at baseline (P = 0.001 and < 0.001). The ACD did not change significantly after 12 months compared with that at baseline (P = 0.491). Subsequently, univariate analyses showed that a reduced rate of AL elongation was found in children who were older age at initiation of ortho-k wear (P = 0.028), had greater SE (higher degree of myopia) at baseline (p = 0.006), had thicker CCT at baseline (P = 0.04), and had greater increase of CLT (P = 0.001) in 12 months. At last, only greater SE (higher degree of myopia) and greater increase of CLT were associated with smaller increases of AL in multivariable analyses, (P = 0.003 and 0.001).ConclusionsBoth CLT and AL were significantly increased in children with overnight ortho-k wear after 12 months of follow-up. Greater baseline SE and greater increase of CLT were associated with less increase in AL during ortho-k wear in children with myopia.     

急倾斜特厚煤层巷道非对称变形机理

针对急倾斜特厚煤层回采巷道出现的非对称变形破坏，采用现场实测、力学建模计算及数值模拟揭示了急倾斜煤层巷道开挖后非对称变形破坏机理，分析了巷道开挖后应力场及塑性区分布特征，提出了可缩性U型钢与非对称性预应力锚杆(索)支护的全新支护加固方案。研究表明:① 巷道非对称破坏表现为坚硬岩层侧帮部沿层理下沉、滑移、内扩，煤体侧帮部挤出帮臌;坚硬岩层侧顶部下沉量大于煤体侧，巷道中轴线偏向煤体侧;② 巷道发生非对称的变形机理为:在非均布载荷的作用下，巷道两侧肩角支座反力的倾角及大小发生变化，坚硬岩层侧支座反力大于煤体侧，倾角为煤体侧大于坚硬岩层侧，坚硬岩层侧帮部在小角度大应力作用下沿层理滑移、下沉、内扩，煤体侧帮部在近乎垂直角度作用力下使帮部煤体挤出帮臌;③ 巷道从坚硬岩层侧向煤体侧弯矩一直增大，剪力呈现为先增大后减小再增大的趋势，且在二次增大时方向改变，方向改变处即为巷道轴线向煤体侧的偏移位置，轴力呈现为抛物线形式的先减小后增大，在非均布载荷作用下的巷道最优合理断面即为“非对称三铰斜拱”;④ 提出可缩性U型钢与非对称性预应力锚杆(索)支护，重点加强巷道煤体侧帮部及坚硬岩层侧顶部支护。     

煤油气共生矿井底板油型气赋存特征及防治

为了提高煤油气共生矿井油型气灾害治理的科学性，以黄陵二矿为例，采用现场测试、钻探取芯、跟踪观测、地质分析等多种方法，研究了采掘工作面煤层底板油型气分布特征、涌出规律和运移机理，并初步探讨了底板油型气体灾害防治措施。结果表明:底板油型气涌出点多位于底板砂岩储层上倾尖灭端和砂岩透镜体附近，呈现不连续区带状分布特征，涌出的油型气主要来自富县组砂岩层，涌出的动力主要为地层流体压力差，底板油型气通过地层中存在大量的断裂和裂缝、微裂缝系统进入采掘空间，采掘扰动是底板油型气异常涌出的工程诱导因素。建议加强油型气综合探查技术、油型气灾害预测预报技术、油型气综合抽采技术和智能化矿井建设等方面的研究。     

红外菲涅尔透镜的注射超声辅助成型优化

为了提升聚合物红外菲涅尔透镜的光学性能,以其表面微沟槽的成型质量为目标,提出了一种高效的注射超声辅助成型方法,并对工艺参数进行了综合质量优化。首先分析了超声振动对聚合物的加热和加压效应,设计了一套一模两腔的对比试验模具;接着以红外菲涅尔透镜的调制传递函数MTF和齿形平均高度h为优化质量目标,设计了四步骤的多目标优化流程,通过试验设计、基于BP神经网络的质量目标与注射工艺参数关系建模、基于NSGA-Ⅱ的多目标优化和试验验证进行工艺参数的综合优化。实验结果表明:该多目标优化流程具有很高的精度,MTF和h的平均预测误差MPE分别为4.16%和3.32%;注射超声辅助成型的菲涅尔透镜微沟槽具有更高的复制质量,其齿沟槽平均高度h增加了15.6%,且h值的波动量随着h值的增大而增大,MTF值受齿高h均匀性的影响大于齿高h对其的影响。     

镜头成像畸变的MTF像高测试法研究

为了解决传统标板拍摄测试广角镜头成像畸变的不准确、复现性差问题,提出了基于调制传递函数(MTF)理论的成像畸变测试方法。通过研究镜头畸变测试国内外的研究现状,重点分析了成像镜头特别是广角镜头采用传统标板拍摄测试成像畸变的缺陷。提出了一种通过测试镜头轴上有效焦距和不同角度的离轴有效焦距,并导入畸变计算公式从而得到镜头成像相对畸变的MTF测试方法。研究结果表明,采用MTF测试方法可以实现对镜头成像畸变的快速、准确的测量。     

切顶卸压巷旁U型钢棚支护沿空留巷技术研究

为了减少煤与瓦斯突出矿井煤巷掘进工程量，保证矿井正常接续，针对云盖山煤矿一矿“两软一硬”不稳定煤层地质条件和矿井单一综放工作面组织生产，以矿井22202综采工作面切顶卸压巷旁U型钢棚支护沿空留巷为研究对象，提出了中厚煤层巷内基本支护采用锚索网+钢带、巷旁支护采用36U型钢棚支护的沿空留巷围岩控制技术。实践监测结果表明:沿空留巷顶板最大离层量115 mm，中线至巷道上帮（老空侧）、下帮最大移近量分别为24，207 mm，留巷效果显著。此沿空留巷技术避免了对采面正常生产的影响，对建设“一矿一面”安全高效矿井具有重要意义。     

Microbiocidal characterization of a novel povidone-iodine based rigid contact lens disinfecting solution

This study investigated the efficacy of a novel povidone-iodine based disinfection solution for rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses compared to three other currently available multipurpose and hydrogen peroxide solutions. Bactericidal and fungicidal activities were assessed using ISO 14729 reference methods, whilst amoebicidal properties were evaluated using an automated viability counter. All solutions were also assessed for long term storage stability over a 3-month period.The FDA guidelines were adequately achieved by all solutions tested and 3-month storage did not affect their activity against bacterial and fungal agents. Activity against Acanthamoeba castellani trophozoites reached 1-log reduction for the povidone-iodine solution and approached this level for the remaining solutions. Activity against cysts was somewhat reduced and ranged from 78 to 86% reduction in viability.A povidone-iodine based solution, which may offer advantages as resistance to this agent has not been demonstrated and it lacks toxicity, provided equivalent antimicrobial activity to other RGP solutions.     

深部软岩巷道围岩变形特征及全锚索支护机理

针对新元煤矿9102原回风巷的围岩大变形及支护构件变形失效等问题,分析了复杂高水平应力和垂直应力场作用下原回风巷顶板围岩的裂隙发育状况及围岩变形破坏特征,结合现场实际决定在原回风巷20 m处重新开掘一条回风巷。采用数值模拟分析了新掘回风巷的围岩应力环境,结合原有支护及现场实践提出了全锚索支护技术,并阐明其支护机理。现场监测表明,新掘回风巷采用全锚索支护技术后,巷道围岩变形明显减少,且支护构件无变形失效,实现了对深部软岩巷道的围岩控制。     

Does placebo effect exist in contact lens discomfort management?

PurposeTo study the effect of daily disposable contact lens (DDCL) refitting in monthly contact lens (CL) wearers suffering from contact lens discomfort (CLD), and to assess if there is a placebo effect associated with this CLD intervention.MethodsSymptomatic CL wearers, according to the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire 8 (CLDEQ-8 ≥ 12 points), were divided into two groups. The study group was provided with DDCLs (delefilcon A) and the control group with a masked pair of their habitual monthly CLs (placebo effect) and were assessed after one month. Then, the control group was provided with the same DDCLs and evaluated one month later. The symptoms were recorded with the CLDEQ-8 and global rating of change scale (GRCS). Non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT), conjunctival hyperaemia, fluorescein staining, and lid wiper epitheliopathy (LWE) were evaluated. Changes between visits, groups, and the effect of each intervention were analysed.ResultsThirty-one participants (mean age: 23.2 ± 5.3 years) were recruited. The study group (n = 14) showed an improvement of -39.6 ± 25.8 % (p < 0.001) in CLDEQ-8 and 31.3 ± 14.6 points in GRCS (p < 0.001) after one month of DDCL use, while no changes in clinical tests were found. In the control group (n = 17), symptoms improved significantly after wearing the masked monthly CL (CLDEQ-8: -26.1 ± 31.0 %, p = 0.03; GRCS: 14.9 ± 17.0, p = 0.002), however a worsening in bulbar (26.5 ± 40.0 %; p = 0.02) and limbal hyperaemia (21.6 ± 34.7 %, p = 0.02) and an improvement of -19.1 ± 37.0 % (p = 0.049) in LWE was found. When the control group was fitted with the DDCL, improvements in GRCS (20.5 ± 25.5, p = 0.02), NITBUT (37.9 ± 42.3 %, p = 0.002), and conjunctival staining (-47.1 ± 59.9 %, p = 0.005) were noted.ConclusionsRefitting symptomatic monthly CL wearers with Delefilcon A DDCL is effective in reducing symptoms related to CLD. However, clinicians and researchers must be aware of the existence of a placebo effect when assessing the effectiveness of any CL refitting.     

三点支撑T形床身机床垫铁位置多目标优化设计

For the optimal position problems of the three-point supporting machine tools, a optimal method was proposed to optimize the locations of the three-point supporting. The detailed design processes were introduced with a T-shaped bed of a CNC cylindrical grinder which was taken as the research object. Firstly, the initial supporting positions were determined by the method of dividing bottom plane of the bed and finding the centroid of each region, and the pad-iron positions were parameterized, then the parameter ranges were specified according to the position limit conditions. Secondly, the multi-objective optimization mathematical model of pad-iron positions was established, and the optimal solution was obtained to achieve the optimal static and dynamic performances of the bed. Finally, by analyzing the relationship between the three pad-iron positions obtained from Pareto frontier and the bed geometric sizes, the arrangement rule of three-point support for this model was obtained. The results show that the static and dynamic performances of the bed are improved by this suggested method.