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1.
为了提高微波辅助磨矿的适用性,以红透山铜矿和思山岭铁矿为研究对象,分别采用微波、盐酸溶液、草酸溶液及其组合的方式对矿石进行预处理。对比了7种预处理方式下矿石的升温特征、表面形态、磨矿效果,并通过介电常数、波速、微观照片揭示矿石的劣化机理。试验结果表明:铜矿和铁矿浸酸后介电常数减小,导致微波作用下升温速率降低,温度分布更加均匀。铜矿经过盐酸-微波处理,表面有灼烧痕迹,而经过微波-盐酸处理,表面产生裂纹,矿物边界明显。铁矿微波辐射后表面颜色变黄,酸处理后颜色还原。7种预处理方式中,微波-盐酸联合作用磨矿效果最佳,铜矿和铁矿的质量折减百分比分别为15%和14.5%,相比于未处理矿石,磨矿产物质量分别提高58%和78%。微观照片和波速测试结果表明微波照射后矿石产生明显的裂纹,再经盐酸浸泡后,裂纹宽度进一步加大,并在裂纹中产生沉淀物。研究表明,微波与盐酸联合作用可以进一步弱化矿石,提高磨矿效果。 相似文献
2.
Shuai JI Changgan LAI Huan ZHOU Helin WANG Ling MA Cong WANG Keying ZHANG Fajun LI Lixu LEI 《Frontiers in Energy》2022,16(4):595
Nickel selenide electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with a high efficiency and a low-cost have a significant potential in the development of water splitting. However, the inferiority of the high overpotential and poor stability restricts their practical applications. Herein, a composite nanostructure consists of ultrasmall NiSe2 nanocrystals embedded on graphene by microwave reaction is reported. The prepared NiSe2/reduced graphite oxide (rGO) electrocatalyst exhibited a high HER activity with an overpotential of 158 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 and a corresponding moderate Tafel slope of 56 mV/dec in alkaline electrolyte. In addition, a high retention of electrochemical properties (approximately 100%) was demonstrated with an unchangeable microstructure after 100 h of continuous operation. 相似文献
3.
采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件建立了稠油微波加热模型,通过仿真计算考察了微波谐振腔的尺寸和微波功率对稠油微波加热过程的影响,通过与实际微波加热过程对比,验证微波加热模型的可靠性。结果表明,微波谐振腔的结构影响稠油内部微波电场的分布,微波功率影响电场强度的大小,二者共同影响稠油样品的升温速率及温度梯度分布。因对微波加热模型的合理简化,忽略了热量向环境的散失,稠油升温速率和终温的计算值均稍高于实际值,但不影响该仿真计算对装置设计因素的考察。该仿真计算和微波加热模型可用来辅助微波加热装置的设计。 相似文献
4.
为探究微波萃取条件下,萃取体系内微波能吸收和目标成分的传递机理,本实验针对微波辅助萃取蔓越莓花色苷的过程进行研究。依据电磁理论,建立萃取液微波能吸收模型,分析介电特性与萃取液微波能吸收规律;依据质量守恒和能量守恒定律,建立萃取体系内花色苷传热传质模型,分析微波萃取体系内的温度和花色苷提取量分布和变化规律;通过扫描电子显微镜观察经微波处理后蔓越莓颗粒的微观结构。结果表明:萃取液介电常数、介电损耗因子及微波能吸收与微波功率呈正相关;对萃取液温度分布和花色苷提取量的变化进行模拟,发现微波功率越大,萃取液中心处温度越高,底部和中心处温差越大;50?℃为花色苷萃取的临界温度,当萃取液温度低于50?℃时,微波功率越大,萃取时间越长,萃取液中花色苷提取量越高;当萃取液温度高于50?℃时,微波功率越大,萃取时间越长,花色苷降解程度越大;经微波处理后样品的细胞壁破裂,微波功率越大破坏程度越明显,说明微波具有强化萃取蔓越莓花色苷的效果。研究结果可为探究微波萃取条件提供理论依据。 相似文献
5.
Sumeng Wei Yining Xu Baohua Kong Meijuan Wang Jingming Zhang Qian Liu Yuling Yang 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2022,57(8):5024-5035
The present work was conducted to illustrate the mechanism of gel formation of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) under different microwave heating times. The results showed that the denaturation enthalpy (ΔH) of the MPs significantly decreased when the heating time increased from 3 to 9 s and then completely disappeared as the heating time progressed, indicating that the MPs gradually denatured and subsequently aggregated with increasing heating time, which was further verified by the changes in the secondary structure, electrophoretic bands, and gel properties (e.g., water holding capacity and textural profiles) of the MPs. Microstructural images indicated that the MP gel formed under 12 s had the most compact network, indicating that extended microwave heating time could induce quality deterioration of MP gels. Moreover, the hydrophobic forces, electrostatic forces, and disulphide bonds of the MPs gradually intensified with increasing microwave heating time, suggesting that both non-covalent and covalent bonds could promote molecular denaturation and subsequent aggregation of MPs. In addition, correlation analysis revealed that the changes in the molecular conformation of MPs induced by different microwave heating times could effectively regulate the formation of MP gels and their related properties. 相似文献
6.
土壤样品基质复杂且酚类化合物含量很低,未经衍生的酚在气相色谱中峰型和稳定性较差,灵敏度较低,应用衍生化的方法时流程复杂,耗时长。用二氯甲烷和正己烷混合溶剂(2∶1,V/V)作为溶剂,75 ℃微波20 min提取土壤中的酚类化合物,在提取液中加入pH>12的强碱性水,使得酚类化合物生成对应的盐溶于水,弃去有机相后,将得到的水相调节至pH<12,用二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯混合溶剂(4∶1,V/V)萃取酚类化合物。提取液经五氟苄基溴衍生后采用气相色谱质谱联用法检测,内标法定量,建立了微波萃取-衍生化-气相色谱质谱联用法测定土壤中14种酚类化合物的方法。在最佳的衍生条件下,以10 g土壤样品计,方法中酚类化合物的检出限为0.002~0.006 mg/kg。按照实验方法测定土壤样品,加标回收率为73.2%~119%,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为3.0%~9.5%。方法简化了衍生化步骤,有效改善了各酚类化合物峰形,增强了检测的灵敏度和稳定性,可用于土壤中酚类化合物的测定。 相似文献
7.
采用有限元方法在考虑放大器影响的情况下(简称整体法)对6082-T6铝合金母材及其接头的超声疲劳试样进行了尺寸设计,并与采用传统解析法设计的超声疲劳试样尺寸进行了对比. 结果表明,采用整体法得到的试样的共振频率与试验频率更接近,且几乎不受预紧力和外加载荷影响,但应力位移系数与传统解析法有较大差别. 同时采用两种方法对6082-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头在应力比R = ?1和R = 0.1下的超声疲劳试验数据进行对比分析,发现当R = ?1时采用整体法得到的疲劳强度偏高,而当R = 0.1时两种方法几乎无差别. 相似文献
8.
Egor M. Kostyukhin Alexander L. Kustov Nikolay V. Evdokimenko Andrey I. Bazlov Leonid M. Kustov 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2021,104(1):492-503
Lanthanum orthoferrite powders were synthesized via one-step hydrothermal reactions under mild conditions using microwave and conventional heating. The use of microwave irradiation during the synthesis allows one to obtain nanocrystalline LaFeO3 with a higher yield and reduced crystallite and particle size within a 16 times shorter duration (3 hours) at a lower temperature of 220°C as compared to the conventional heating. The catalytic decomposition of nitrous oxide was performed over both samples, it was shown that the sample obtained under microwave conditions demonstrates enhanced activity as a catalyst: N2O decomposes completely at 700°C over the catalyst formed at microwave conditions, while the comparative catalyst prepared by conventional heating reaches a lower conversion of only 60% at the same temperature and catalytic reaction conditions. 相似文献
9.
Xiao-Qiang Song Wen Lei Fei Wang Tao Chen Shi-Wo Ta Zhen-Xiao Fu Wen-Zhong Lu 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2021,104(4):1740-1749
A gillespite-structured MCuSi4O10 (M = Ba1-xSrx, Sr1-xCax) ceramics with tetrahedral structure (P4/ncc) were prepared by solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry with differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) were employed to study the phase synthesis process of BaCuSi4O10. Pure BaCuSi4O10 phase was obtained at 1075°C and decomposed into BaSiO3, BaCuSi2O6, and SiO2 when calcined at 1200°C. The relationships between the crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of MCuSi4O10 ceramics were revealed based on the Rietveld refinement and P-V-L complex chemical bond theory. The dielectric constant (εr) decreased linearly with decreasing total bond susceptibility and ionic polarizability. Quality factor (Q × f) was closely dependent on bond strength and lattice energy. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) was controlled by the stability of [CuO4]6− plane in MCuSi4O10. Optimum microwave dielectric properties were obtained for SrCuSi4O10 when sintered at 1100°C for 3 hours with a εr of 5.59, a Q × f value of 82 252 GHz, and a τf of −41.34 ppm/°C. Thus, SrCuSi4O10 is a good candidate for millimeter-wave devices. 相似文献
10.