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1.
Mytimycins are cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides that show antifungal properties. These peptides are part of the immune network that constitutes the defense system of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). The immune system of mussels has been increasingly studied in the last decade due to its great efficiency, since these molluscs, particularly resistant to adverse conditions and pathogens, are present all over the world, being considered as an invasive species. The recent sequencing of the mussel genome has greatly simplified the genetic study of some of its immune genes. In the present work, we describe a total of 106 different mytimycin variants in 16 individual mussel genomes. The 13 highly supported mytimycin clusters (A–M) identified with phylogenetic inference were found to be subject to the presence/absence variation, a widespread phenomenon in mussels. We also identified a block of conserved residues evolving under purifying selection, which may indicate the “functional core” of the mature peptide, and a conserved set of 10 invariable plus 6 accessory cysteines which constitute a plastic disulfide array. Finally, we extended the taxonomic range of distribution of mytimycins among Mytilida, identifying novel sequences in M. coruscus, M. californianus, P. viridis, L. fortunei, M. philippinarum, M. modiolus, and P. purpuratus.  相似文献   
2.
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, due to the pharmacological action of its active components such as the tanshinones. Plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase plays key roles in numerous physiological processes in plants. However, little is known about the PM H+-ATPase gene family in S. miltiorrhiza (Sm). Here, nine PM H+-ATPase isoforms were identified and named SmPHA1–SmPHA9. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the genetic distance of SmPHAs was relatively far in the S. miltiorrhiza PM H+-ATPase family. Moreover, the transmembrane structures were rich in SmPHA protein. In addition, SmPHA4 was found to be highly expressed in roots and flowers. HPLC revealed that accumulation of dihydrotanshinone (DT), cryptotanshinone (CT), and tanshinone I (TI) was significantly reduced in the SmPHA4-OE lines but was increased in the SmPHA4-RNAi lines, ranging from 2.54 to 3.52, 3.77 to 6.33, and 0.35 to 0.74 mg/g, respectively, suggesting that SmPHA4 is a candidate regulator of tanshinone metabolites. Moreover, qRT-PCR confirmed that the expression of tanshinone biosynthetic-related key enzymes was also upregulated in the SmPHA4-RNAi lines. In summary, this study highlighted PM H+-ATPase function and provided new insights into regulatory candidate genes for modulating secondary metabolism biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza.  相似文献   
3.
大尺寸弹丸喷丸成形是一种针对大型整体壁板塑性成形的有效手段。采用正交试验方法对7B50铝合金平板试件开展大尺寸弹丸喷丸成形工艺试验,研究不同工艺参数下喷丸后试件沿弦向和展向曲率半径的变化规律。结果表明:试件在喷丸成形后呈球面凸起变形,且沿弦向的曲率半径小于沿展向的曲率半径;各因素按对曲率半径的影响程度排序依次为喷丸气压>试件厚度>移动速度;曲率半径随着厚度和移动速度的增加而增加,随着喷丸气压的增加而减小;建立了可以反映曲率半径与3个因素之间定量关系的回归方程,可为今后喷丸成形的变形预测提供参考。  相似文献   
4.
为了减少视网膜血管骨架提取过程中低对比度血管的漏检和误检数量,提出了一种基于主曲率和主方向的多尺度视网膜血管骨架提取方法。首先,分别提取视网膜图像中每个像素点在多尺度高斯滤波后的主曲率和主方向;其次,在每个尺度下分别提取最大主曲率方向上的局部最大值点,并通过曲率阈值筛选出高对比度血管中心像素点作为种子点;然后,利用最小主方向对低对比度血管进行骨架追踪和标记;最后,对多个尺度下提取的血管骨架进行融合。方法分别在DRIVE训练数据集、DRIVE测试数据集和STARE数据集上进行了测试,漏检数量分别为89、97、106,误检数量分别为99、101、122。实验结果表明,该方法能够提取出低对比度的细小血管骨架,但对于对比度在3个灰度级以内的细小血管存在少量漏检,对于与血管粘连的高对比度细条状纹理和病灶干扰存在少量误检。  相似文献   
5.
某管线水域穿越段测绘发现其弹性敷设曲率半径为600 D,不满足标准要求,采用理论计算和数值模拟对该管段进行应力分析。计算发现,设计压力下该段管道环向应力和当量应力满足标准要求,但轴向应力不满足要求,其安全系数由标准要求的2.5降低为1.71。轴向应力过高由弹性敷设曲率半径过小造成,不能通过降低运行压力的方式使轴向应力满足要求。设计压力下弹性敷设曲率半径至少应为996 D,才能使轴向应力满足标准要求。  相似文献   
6.
张立红  肖晓萍  李飞  崔开放 《锻压技术》2021,46(2):136-141,153
采用有限元模拟和实验研究了挤压钛合金弯曲管件。通过实验验证了工件的形状和尺寸精度,并通过有限元模拟分析了工艺参数对挤出过程中变形体的平均压应力分布情况和挤出弯管件的曲率半径的影响规律。结果表明:有限元模拟中,弯管件的曲率半径误差为6.03%,弯管直径误差为3.82%;在靠近定径带处,平均压应力呈非均匀分布;在焊合腔内,靠近细分流孔区域的平均压应力小于靠近粗分流孔区域的平均压应力,平均压应力的大小顺序在通过粗、细分流孔前后相反;在模具结构固定不变时,弯管件的曲率半径随挤压速度的减小而增大,不随挤压温度的变化而变化。  相似文献   
7.
黏结剂对电极的性能有着重要的影响。本文设计并制备了一种新型水性聚(乙烯-乙烯醇)-磺酸锂(EVOH-SO3Li,简称ES-Li)电极黏结剂,并对其键接结构及组成进行分析;对其溶解性、电解液稳定性、热稳定性进行测试;对所制电极柔性、微观形貌及电化学性能进行研究。经与聚(乙烯-乙烯醇)(EVOH)及商业的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)黏结剂进行对比。结果表明:ES-Li水性黏结剂具有不溶解于电解液,热稳定性良好等优点;ES-Li黏结剂制备负极柔性及微观形貌优良,采用ES-Li作为负极黏结剂的电池在电化学稳定窗口、界面阻抗、首次循环效率、循环及倍率等方面均表现优异,ES-Li负极的首次库仑效率为89.93%,在1C下循环100次的容量保持率为96.93%,且在2C、5C倍率下的循环性能均优于EVOH及PVDF制备的负极,具有应用潜力及商业化前景。  相似文献   
8.
吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组甜点段微小断层非常发育,严重影响开发效果。以往依赖常规测井、成像测井以及野外露头识别微小断层,仅限于单井裂缝识别,无法有效获得微小断层的平面展布形态。目前主要利用叠前/叠后地震数据计算波形的几何特征识别断层,但对地震数据信噪比要求较高,且难以预测断层的开启性。为此,通过基于横、纵向组合的卡尔曼滤波技术得到最大正、负曲率属性,同时结合实钻井井漏、压裂窜扰以及地层倾角等信息研究断层开启性。具体流程为:首先,应用横、纵向组合卡尔曼滤波技术对原始地震数据滤波,由于断层各向异性较弱,为保证资料具有较高的信噪比,不对滤波后地震数据进行分方位处理,直接求取最大正、负曲率体;其次,利用构造解释层位提取甜点段平面曲率属性,识别断层及断层平面组合;再次,根据识别的断层统计井轨迹在断点附近的钻井井漏、压裂窜扰以及地层倾角等数据;最后,统计曲率类型、曲率值以及断层走向与钻井井漏、压裂窜扰、地层倾角的关系。得到以下认识:①最大正曲率值大于500ft-1的北东—南西向断层多为开启性断层,最大正曲率值约为300 ft-1的北西—南东向和北东—南西向两组断层多为半开启性断层,最大负曲率绝对值大于300 ft-1的近南北向以及北东—南西向断层多为封闭性断层;②断层附近地层倾角变化较大,曲率值越大,倾角变化越大。  相似文献   
9.
《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(6):5420-5434
High circulating concentrations of fatty acids cause triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in hepatocytes of dairy cows, a common metabolic disorder after calving. Low secretion of apolipoprotein B (APOB) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) are thought to be the major factors for TAG accumulation in hepatocytes. Recent data in nonruminant models revealed that sortilin 1 (SORT1) is a key regulator of VLDL secretion in part due to its ability to bind APOB. Thus, SORT1 could play a role in the susceptibility of dairy cows to develop fatty liver. To gain mechanistic insights in vivo and in vitro, we performed experiments using liver biopsies or isolated primary hepatocytes. For the in vivo study, blood and liver samples were collected from healthy multiparous dairy cows (n = 6; 9.0 ± 2.1 d in milk) and cows with fatty liver (n = 6; 9.7 ± 2.2 d in milk). In vitro, hepatocytes isolated from 4 healthy female calves (1 d old, 42–51 kg) were challenged with (fatty acids) or without (control) a 1.2 mM mixture of fatty acids in an attempt to induce metabolic stress. Furthermore, hepatocytes were treated with empty adenovirus vectors (Ad-GFP) or SORT1 overexpressing adenovirus (Ad-SORT1) for 6 h, or SORT1 inhibitor for 2 h followed by a challenge with (Ad-GFP + fatty acids, Ad-SORT1 + fatty acids, or SORT1 inhibitor + fatty acids) or without (Ad-GFP, Ad-SORT1, or SORT1 inhibitor) the 1.2 mM mixture of fatty acids for 12 h. Data from liver biopsies were compared using a 2-tailed unpaired Student's t-test. Data from calf hepatocytes were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Data revealed that both fatty liver and in vitro challenge with fatty acids were associated with greater concentrations of TAG and mRNA and protein abundance of SORT1, SREBF1, FASN, and ACACA. In contrast, mRNA and protein abundance of CPT1A and APOB, and mRNA abundance of MTTP were markedly lower. Compared with fatty acid challenge alone, SORT1 overexpression led to greater concentration of TAG and mRNA abundance of SREBF1, FASN, ACACA, DGAT1, and DGAT2, and protein abundance of SREBF1, FASN, and ACACA. In contrast, concentration of secreted VLDL-APOB and mRNA abundance of APOB and MTTP, and protein abundance of CPT1A, APOB, and MTTP were lower. Compared with fatty acid challenge alone, SORT1 inhibitor + fatty acids led to lower concentrations of TAG and mRNA abundance of SREBF1, FASN, and DGAT2, and protein abundance of FASN, ACACA, and DGAT1. Concentrations of secreted VLDL-APOB and mRNA abundance of CPT1A and protein abundance of CPT1A and APOB were greater. Overall, in vitro data suggested that greater SORT1 abundance induced by exogenous fatty acids caused a reduction in VLDL-APOB secretion and increased hepatocyte TAG synthesis. Such mechanism was also apparent in tissue from cows with fatty liver. Thus, targeted downregulation of hepatic SORT1 could represent a viable mechanism to unload lipid during conditions where the influx of fatty acids increases markedly.  相似文献   
10.
为避免传统均匀采样方法因忽视曲线重要特征而生成不理想的采样结果,获得给定数量且由特征点和辅助点组成的采样点序列,提出基于特征识别的高质量空间曲线非均匀采样方法.首先使用抛物线插值法得到曲线上所有曲率极大值点和挠率极大值点的近似位置,经筛选后产生特征点,以更好地抓住空间曲线的轮廓特征.然后定义基于弧长、曲率和挠率加权组合的特征函数,并以此自适应地选取曲线上的辅助点.与3种主流采样方法比较的实验结果表明,该方法能够获得更高质量的采样结果且具有更好的实用性,从而进一步改善空间曲线的B样条拟合效果.  相似文献   
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