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1.
Channapatna Gopalkrishna Raghavendra Raghu Srivatsa Marasandra Prakash Vignesh Nayak Panemangalore 《ETRI Journal》2021,43(4):650-659
Multi-carrier waveforms have several advantages over single-carrier waveforms for radar communication. Employing multi-carrier complementary phase-coded (MCPC) waveforms in radar applications has recently attracted significant attention. MCPC radar signals take advantage of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing properties, and several authors have explored the use of MCPC signals and the difficulties associated with their implementation. The sidelobe level and peak-to-mean-envelope-power ratio (PMEPR) are the key issues that must be addressed to improve the performance of radar signals. We propose a scheme that applies pattern-based scaling and geometric progression methods to enhance sidelobe and PMEPR levels in MCPC radar signals. Numerical results demonstrate the improvement of sidelobe and PMEPR levels in the proposed scheme. Additionally, autocorrelations are obtained and analyzed by applying the proposed scheme in extensive simulation experiments. 相似文献
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3.
Cyril Poriel Cassandre Quinton Fabien Lucas Joëlle Rault-Berthelot Zuo-Quan Jiang Olivier Jeannin 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(43):2104980
Spirobifluorene (SBF) is one of the most important scaffolds used in the design of organic semi-conductors (OSCs) for electronics. In recent years, among all the structures developed for these applications, SBF dimers have been highlighted due to their great potential in thermally activated delayed fluorescence and in phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. Attaching two SBF units generate 10 dimers, each possessing its own structural specificity, which in turn drives its electronic properties. These ten SBF dimers are gathered herein. Understanding how the molecular assembly determines the electronic properties has been one of the pillars of organic electronics. This is the goal of this article. As positional isomerism is a key tool to design OSCs, defining the design guidelines for the SBF scaffold appears of interest for the future of this building block. Herein, the importance of the two main parameters involved in the electrochemical and photophysical properties, namely the nature of the phenyl linkages and the steric congestion between the two SBF units is discussed. The combination of these two parameters drives the electronic properties but their respective weight is different as a function of the regioisomer involved or of the property considered (frontier orbitals energy level, absorption, fluorescence, phosphorescence). 相似文献
4.
《Advanced Powder Technology》2022,33(6):103628
The charge sources, as well as the charging mechanism of the contact electrification (CE) of polymers, are still debatable. Since CE is accompanied by destruction, it is considered that “hard contacting” via ball milling can induce covalent bond scission and produce naked-activated-charge sources. Regarding “soft contacting” via nano-scale sliding, which does not induce covalent bond scission, a frontier-electron, “f-electron,” of the naked-activated-charge source is crucial to electron transfer among the naked-activated-charge sources. Here, we configure naked-activated-charge-source models, naked-activated-mechano-anion, and naked-activated-mechano-cation, which are produced by mechanical energy induced heterogeneous covalent bond scission, as well as naked-activated-mechano-radicals that are produced by homogeneous covalent bond scission. Regarding “soft contacting” among naked-activated-charge sources in a vacuum, f-electron can be transferred from a donor to an acceptor if the energy level of the donor is higher than that of the acceptor. The net amount of the normalized transferred-f-electrons is obtained by adopting settings in which the average energy level of the naked-activated-charge sources (as the donors) is higher than that of the sources employed as acceptors. Thus, the surfaces comprising the donors and acceptors will exhibit positive and negative net surface charges, respectively. We conclude that net surface charges depend on the average energy level of naked-activated-charge sources. Further, we observe that the alignment of polyethylene (PE)-polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to the average energy level is identical to that of the triboelectric series. 相似文献
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6.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(73):36301-36313
By choosing a triple block polymer, poly(styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene) (SEBS), as the backbone and adopting a long side-chain double-cation crosslinking strategy, a series of SEBS-based anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) was successively synthesized by chloromethylation, quaternization, crosslinking, solution casting, and alkalization. The 70C16-SEBS-TMHDA membrane showed high OH− conductivity (72.13 mS/cm at 80 °C) and excellent alkali stability (only 10.86% degradation in OH− conductivity after soaking in 4-M NaOH for 1700 h at 80 °C). Furthermore, the SR was only 9.3% at 80 °C and the peak power density of the H2/O2 single cell was up to 189 mW/cm2 at a current density of 350 mA/cm2 at 80 °C. By introducing long flexible side chains into a polymer SEBS backbone, the structure of the hydrophilic–hydrophobic microphase separation in the membrane was constructed to improve the ionic conductivity. Additionally, network crosslinked structure improved dimensional stability and mechanical properties. 相似文献
7.
Meng Zhu Xiaojuan Zhang Yanxia Su Yiguang Wang Yibo Wu Dan Yang Hao Wang Min Zhang Min Zhang Quan Chen Nanwen Li 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2019,136(15):47370
To improve the properties of diblock copolystyrene-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs), a series of AEMs with comb-shaped quaternary ammonium (QA) architecture (QA-PSm-b-PDVPPAn-xC where x denotes the number of carbon atoms in different alkyl tail chains and has values of 1, 4, 8, and 10 and C denotes carbon) were designed and synthesized via subsequent quaternization reactions with three different alkyl halogens (methyl iodide and N-alkane bromines (CH3[CH2] x-1Br where x = 4, 8, and 10). Compared with triblock analogues quaternized with methyl iodide in our previous research, QA-PSm-b-PDVPPAn-xC (x = 4, 8, and 10) AEMs are more flexible with the introduction of a long alkyl tail chain; this probably impedes crystallization of the rigid polystyrene-based main chain and induces sterically adjustable ionic association. An increase in the pendant alkyl tail chain length generally led to enhanced microphase separation of the obtained AEMs, and this was confirmed using small-angle X-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy. The highest conductivity (25.5 mS cm−1) was observed for QA-PS120-b-PDVPPA80-10C (IEC = 1.94 meq g–1) at 20 °C. Furthermore, the water uptake (<30%) and swelling ratio (<13.1%) of QA-PSm-b-PDVPPAn-xC AEMs are less than half of these corresponding values for their triblock counterparts. The QA-PS120-b-PDVPPA80-10C membrane retained a maximum stability that was as high as 86.8% of its initial conductivity after a 40-day test (10 M NaOH, 80 °C), and this was probably because of the steric shielding of the cationic domains that were surrounded by the longest alkyl tail chains. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47370. 相似文献
8.
Erik Zipperling Benedikt Dahlmann Markus Zdrallek Christian Derksen Stefan Eicker Heiko Serafin 《化学,工程师,技术》2021,93(4):624-631
Demands on production, distribution and consumption of electrical energy change fundamentally with the energy revolution. Energy purchasing costs for inflexible consumers are rising and proceeds of inflexible producers are sinking. Companies are able to reduce costs by marketing operational flexibility options. This article sets out the need of flexibility in the energy system and the new marketing options. Flexibility potentials within infrastructure plants of a chemical park are analyzed, evaluated regarding marketing and activated in the presented research project FlexChemistry. 相似文献
9.
《Journal of Great Lakes research》2022,48(1):37-51
Here, we describe the expansion and enhancement of a large (surface area ≥100 km2) lake and reservoir database (1.GREALD). These efforts have also resulted in the spin-off of two additional databases, one containing lakes and reservoirs (2.GREALD, area 10–99 km2), and the other containing ephemeral lakes (3.GELD, area ≥100 km2). These databases are unique sources for projects that utilize satellite radar altimeter data to monitor surface water levels. While 1.GREALD aims to be a complete catalog, 2.GREALD focuses on reservoirs in response to applied sciences programs that monitor water and energy resources. The creation of 3.GELD has climate change objectives as well as water resources and ecosystem conservation applications. The recording of information pertaining to the potential overpasses (waterbody crossings) of the current and archive satellite altimeters is a primary objective as is the need to highlight any form of controlled water level variation. The permanent water databases now contain 6282 entries, half experience some form of anthropogenic influence and ~430 have been identified as potential climatically sensitive terminal lakes. The revised integral surface area distribution is a power law with exponent ?1.016. Statistics reveal that with altimetric repeat visit times of 10-day to monthly, at least 80% of the permanent water bodies (≥10 km2) have been overflown at some period since the 1990s. Current information on water use and reservoir formation date show that the primary use of the reservoir class is hydroelectric power, and that China, Brazil, India, Turkey, and Vietnam dominate the dam building in recent decades. 相似文献
10.
The mechanical property of age‐hardenable Al‐alloys is governed by the state of ageing, which determines the microstructure and consequently, their corrosion behavior which is a vital aspect for a number of applications. This article presents a comparative assessment of corrosion behavior of under‐, peak‐ and over‐aged Al‐Mg‐Si alloy. Corrosion characteristics have been determined via immersion tests in 0.1 M ortho‐phosphoric acid solution and intergranular corrosion (IGC) tests. Corroded surfaces are examined by field emission scanning electron micrographs‐energy dispersive spectroscopy and 3D optical profilometer. The obtained results reveal that the corrosion rate at a specific immersion time as well as the depth of IGC increases in the order for under‐, peak‐, and over‐aged states. Irrespective of the state of ageing, corrosion loss increases linearly but the rate of corrosion decreases rapidly with increasing immersion time. The dominant mode of corrosion in under‐aged alloy is identified as localized pitting, while peak‐aged is highly susceptible to IGC in contrast extensive pitting corrosion is observed for over‐aged alloy. The observed differences in corrosion behavior are explained considering characteristics of precipitates. Formation of β (Mg2Si) in case of over‐aged alloy and presence of inclusions like AlFeMnSi particles are found to accelerate pitting corrosion. 相似文献