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1.
某铅锌矿原矿铅含量为1.26%,含锌6.53%,含硫30.38%。生产上采用“铅锌依次优先浮选-中矿顺序返回”工艺流程,生产指标为铅精矿铅品位50.69%,含锌12.61%,铅回收率75.53%,锌精矿锌品位48.77%,含铅1.59%,锌回收率73.91%。铅锌互含较高,锌精矿指标不理想。为了解决该问题,本文在了解现场生产工艺流程及矿石性质的基础上,针对该铅锌矿开展了详细的选矿工艺优化试验,通过对部分药剂制度进行优化,采用特效捕收剂BK-LY11,同时在锌浮选回路采用中矿再磨工艺,显著改善了铅锌互含情况,有效提高了铅锌选别指标,并成功应用于生产实践,优化后获得的铅、锌回收率分别提高了5.83、8.46个百分点。 相似文献
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3.
本文以工业纯铝和混合稀土RE(Ce和La)为原料,制备出Al-8RE、Al-10RE和Al-15RE中间合金,并探讨了Al-RE中间合金对变形铝合金3102的细化机理。结果表明:Al-RE中间合金由α-Al、Al11RE3(Al11Ce3和Al11La3)、Ce和La组成,不同稀土含量Al-RE中间合金微观组织形貌不同,Al-8RE、Al-10RE和Al-15RE中间合金组织分别为亚共晶组织,伪共晶组织和过共晶组织,随稀土含量增加,Al-RE中间合金中Al11RE3相数量增多,尺寸增大;Al-RE中间合金对3102合金具有显著的细化效果,其中Al-10RE中间合金的细化效果最好;添加Al-RE中间合金可以提高产品性能,当添加10%RE时,性能提升最大。 相似文献
4.
《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(10):8008-8015
Controversy has existed as to whether monensin will provide equal or differential benefits in a higher-energy, lower-roughage close-up diet versus a higher-roughage, lower-energy diet. Our objective was to determine the rumen effects of a controlled-energy, high-fiber diet balanced to meet but not greatly exceed energy requirements during the dry period or a traditional 2-group approach of higher-energy close-up diet. The effects of added monensin in each diet type were determined. Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 17) were fitted surgically with ruminal cannulas. During the first 4 wk of the dry period, all cows were fed a controlled-energy, high-fiber diet (CE) as a total mixed ration for ad libitum intake. During the last 3 wk before calving, half of the cows were switched to a higher-energy, close-up diet until calving (CU), whereas the other half continued to receive the CE diet. Within each dietary group, half of the cows received monensin (MON) supplementation in the diet (24.2 g/t of total dry matter) and half did not (CON). After calving, all cows received the same lactation diet containing monensin (15.4 g/t of dietary dry matter). At 14 d prepartum, dry matter intake was not different across treatments. The weight of rumen contents was greater for cows fed CE. Rumen liquid dilution rate, solids passage rate, pH, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, molar proportions of acetate and propionate, and papillae length did not differ among diets. Butyrate percentage tended to be greater for cows fed CE. Postpartum, dry matter intake, mass of rumen contents, solids passage rate, pH, total VFA concentration, molar percentages of propionate and butyrate, and papillae length did not differ among treatments. Liquid dilution rate (16.6, 10.7, 16.0, and 18.2%/h for CE + CON, CE + MON, CU + CON, and CU + MON, respectively) was affected by a diet × monensin interaction. Cows on the CE + CON diet had a greater ruminal proportion of acetate than did cows fed CU + CON, whereas cows fed monensin on either diet were intermediate (diet × monensin interaction). Addition of MON to the CU diet decreased the proportion of propionate (diet × monensin interaction). Cows fed CE had greater mass of rumen contents before parturtition but the high inclusion of wheat straw in the CE diet did not negatively affect rumen papillae length. Monensin inclusion differentially affected liquid passage rate and VFA concentrations. 相似文献
5.
Alexander Van-Brunt Patrick E. Farrell Charles W. Monroe 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2022,68(5):e17599
We present the Onsager–Stefan–Maxwell thermodiffusion equations, which account for the Soret and Dufour effects in multicomponent fluids. Unlike transport laws derived from kinetic theory, this framework preserves the structure of the isothermal Stefan–Maxwell equations, separating the thermodynamic forces that drive diffusion from the force that drives heat flow. The Onsager–Stefan–Maxwell transport-coefficient matrix is symmetric, and the second law of thermodynamics imbues it with simple spectral characteristics. This new approach allows for heat to be considered as a pseudo-species and proves equivalent to both the intuitive extension of Fick's law and the generalized Stefan–Maxwell equations popularized by Bird, Stewart, and Lightfoot. A general inversion process facilitates the unique formulation of flux-explicit transport equations relative to any choice of convective reference velocity. Stefan–Maxwell diffusivities and thermal diffusion factors are tabulated for gaseous mixtures containing helium, argon, neon, krypton, and xenon. The framework is deployed to perform numerical simulations of steady three-dimensional thermodiffusion in a ternary gas. 相似文献
6.
以聚乙二醇(PEG10000)和氨丙基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷(APDMS)为软段,以甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)为硬段,以碳纳米管(CNTs)作为功能性材料,一锅法制备了导热增强的聚氨酯基柔性定形相变材料(PU/APDMS/CNTs)。用FTIR、XRD、DSC和TGA等对材料的结构特征和热性能进行了表征。当APDMS含量为10 wt%时,PU/APDMS/CNTs的相变焓值为88.3 J/g,该相变材料在200℃内不发生热分解,具有良好的热稳定性和定形效果,加入5 wt% CNTs的柔性定形相变材料,能够实现光热转换和热能存储,其光热转换和热能存储效率为62.8%,与未加入CNTs的相变材料相比,导热性能明显增强,其升降温速率提高了2.75倍。 相似文献
7.
Guishang Pei Junyi Xiang Qingyun Huang Xuewei Lv 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2022,105(10):6359-6369
A double pyrovanadate CaMgV2O7 sample was synthesized via a facile solid-state route under an air atmosphere. The nonequilibrium formation pathways of the CaMgV2O7 were investigated via powder X-ray diffraction. A multistep reactions path (metavanadates–pyrovanadates–double pyrovanadate CaMgV2O7) was proposed to describe the formation of the CaMgV2O7 considering the thermodynamic and kinetic factors. The cell unit parameters of the CaMgV2O7 sample indicated the crystallization according to a monoclinic system with space group P12/c1(14), and the lattice parameters of a = 6.756 Å, b = 14.495 Å, c = 11.253 Å, β = 99.12, and V = 108.806 Å3. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy also confirmed the +5 oxidation state vanadium in CaMgV2O7. The endothermic effects at 1033 and 1143 K were related to the incongruent melting and liquidus temperatures of CaMgV2O7, respectively. The comprehensive thermodynamic properties of CaMgV2O7 were established in both low- and high-temperature regions, utilizing a physical property measurement system and multi-high-temperature calorimetry (96 lines). The heat capacity (200 J mol K−1) and entropy (198 J mol K−1) at 298.15 K were computed based on the low-temperature heat capacity values, and the enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K was also estimated. The fitted high-temperature capacity can be used to obtain the changes in the enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy. This study is part of building a reliable thermodynamic database of the CaO–MgO–V2O5 system. 相似文献
8.
基于石蜡和高孔密度的泡沫铜制备了复合相变蓄热材料,设计并搭建了一套可视化蓄热实验装置,分析了高孔密度下泡沫铜填充率对石蜡相变过程的强化传热机理,得到了复合相变蓄热材料的综合传热系数。实验结果表明,当泡沫铜填充率为0、0.43%、1.29%和2.15%时,复合相变材料的综合传热系数先减小后增大,分别为1.26W/(m·K)、1.18W/(m·K)、1.44W/(m·K)和1.88W/(m·K),因此随着泡沫铜填充率的增加,复合相变材料的融化时间先增长后缩短。此外,随着泡沫铜填充率从0.43%增至2.15%,复合相变材料融化时传热机制中导热占比从17.26%上升到86.01%,自然对流占比从82.74%下降到13.99%。 相似文献
9.
硫酸镁的存在影响光卤石矿加工的钾盐收率和产品质量。通过对一里坪盐湖硫酸镁型光卤石进行等温不完全分解实验,研究了钾盐分解转化机制和动态特征,并建立了钾盐转化过程的动态模型。结果表明:(1)硫酸镁型光卤石在加水过程迅速分解,而经过3~4 h诱导期,氯化钾与硫酸镁会逐渐转化为钾盐镁矾,经过50 h系统达到平衡,总钾量的近55%转化为钾盐镁矾,约20%溶于分解液,仅25%以固相氯化钾存在;(2)转化过程中,如有硫酸镁水合物存在,会出现“固、液相点不动的介稳态”假象,而实际上是氯化钾和硫酸镁水合物转化为钾盐镁矾的动态过程,当固相硫酸镁水合物缺失,液相点会向氯化钠、氯化钾、钾盐镁矾、光卤石的四盐共饱点移动;(3)钾盐镁矾生成的动力学方程的反应推动力(离子活度积与共饱点活度积之差)级数为1.5,产物存量的影响指数为2/3,反应速率常数为3.907×10-4 mol1/3·min-1,动力学方程与全组分物料方程构成了动态模型,可量化表达转化过程中任意时刻固液混合体系的状态。这一研究结果对改善盐湖钾资源利用过程具有重要指导意义。 相似文献
10.
北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷二号断裂带由一组雁列式正断层组成,断层相互叠接部位形成大型变换带,前人对该大型变换带的控储作用一直缺乏系统的研究。以三维地震和钻井资料为研究基础,对二号断裂变换带的展布特征、演化过程及控储作用开展了系统分析。二号断裂主要受新生代两期伸展活动的影响:早始新世,受北西-南东向伸展应力控制,基底断层复活,形成北东向的单一、连续大断层;渐新世中、晚期,伸展应力转为近南北向,基底断层活动减弱,上部盖层内发育分段式、雁列式断层,断层联接部位形成变换斜坡,并控制了B洼流沙港组一段的重力流沉积体发育。西北物源大型三角洲经由各分段断层间的变换斜坡进入B洼,在重力作用下发生二次搬运形成富砂湖底扇,钻井证实B洼流沙港组一段重力流沉积体呈北东向平行于二号雁列式断裂分布,沉积类型主要为砂质碎屑流。该认识为深洼带流沙港组一段岩性圈闭的勘探提供了理论依据,并取得了较好的勘探成效。 相似文献