The Plants of the Asteraceae Family as Agents in the Protection of Human Health

The Asteraceae family is one of the largest flowering plant families, with over 1600 genera and 2500 species worldwide. Some of its most well-known taxa are lettuce, chicory, artichoke, daisy and dandelion. The members of the Asteraceae have been used in the diet and for medicine for centuries. Despite their wide diversity, most family members share a similar chemical composition: for example, all species are good sources of inulin, a natural polysaccharide with strong prebiotic properties. They also demonstrate strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity, as well as diuretic and wound healing properties. Their pharmacological effects can be attributed to their range of phytochemical compounds, including polyphenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, acetylenes and triterpenes. One such example is arctiin: a ligand with numerous antioxidant, antiproliferative and desmutagenic activities. The family is also a source of sesquiterpene lactones: the secondary metabolites responsible for the bitter taste of many plants. This mini review examines the current state of literature regarding the positive effect of the Asteraceae family on human health.     

A comprehensive review of wheat phytochemicals: From farm to fork and beyond

The health benefits of whole wheat consumption can be partially attributed to wheat's phytochemicals, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkylresorcinols, carotenoids, phytosterols, tocopherols, and tocotrienols. It is of increasing interest to produce whole wheat products that are rich in bioactive phytochemicals. This review provides the fundamentals of the chemistry, extraction, and occurrence of wheat phytochemicals and includes critical discussion of several long-lasting issues: (1) the commonly used nomenclature on distribution of wheat phenolic acids, namely, soluble-free, soluble-conjugated, and insoluble-bound phenolic acids; (2) different extraction protocols for wheat phytochemicals; and (3) the chemistry and application of in vitro antioxidant assays. This review further discusses recent advances on the effects of genotypes, environments, field management, and processing techniques including ultrafine grinding, germination, fermentation, enzymatic treatments, thermal treatments, and food processing. These results need to be interpreted with care due to varied sample preparation protocols and limitations of in vitro assays. The bioaccessibility, bioavailability, metabolism, and potential health benefits of wheat phytochemicals are also reviewed. This comprehensive and critical review will benefit scientific researchers in the field of bioactive compounds of cereal grains and also those in the cereal food industry to produce high-quality functional foods.     

中央与省级公益性地质队伍关系探讨

新形势对中央与省级公益性地质队伍之间的传统关系提出了挑战,"项目联系、业务指导"这一机制难以为继。本文从历史来源与业绩贡献的角度分析中央队伍与省级队伍渊源与各自优势,从地质学自然属性与地质调查工作特征的角度分析公益性地质工作对于队伍的要求,从编制机构与事业单位改革方向分析中央队伍与省级队伍的管理体制,得出中央队伍与省级队伍根本矛盾在于二者之间缺乏隶属或者管辖关系,并由此导致了一些附带的现实问题,比如公益性难以有效发挥、招投标方式的不自然。建议将解决地调局自身定位问题作为破解二者关系矛盾的根本之策,在未解决地调局自身定位问题之前,二者应建立规划部署、人才培养、资料共享等各方面的合作新机制。     

计算机信息技术在保健品质量安全追溯系统中的应用

随着科学技术的迅速发展,计算机信息技术的应用越来越广泛,计算机信息技术在保健品质量安全管理方面的应用也日趋广泛。本文主要对保健品质量安全、计算机信息技术在保健品质管理及保健品生产过程中的应用进行了概述。将计算机信息技术的优点应用于保健品中,使其在物料管理、财务管理、工艺控制、检验分析等方面进行全面有效的控制和追溯;实现从研究开发、原料获取、生产加工、流通消费、售后、监督管理到信息服务等各个环节的高效管理,将计算机信息技术与保健品质量安全控制措施相结合,能够在源头上遏制问题产品的扩散和对问题的控制,确保保健品质量安全。     

西部山地旅游公共服务游客满意度评价研究——以318国道川藏线为例

文章在对相关研究进行文献综述的基础上,以318国道川藏线为例,提出西部山地旅游公共服务5个维度的游客感知假设,选用偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLS-SEM)对游客满意度组合模型进行因子分析与假设检验。根据模型拟合结果分析,旅游信息类公共服务在西部山地旅游公共服务中供需矛盾最为突出,其次为旅游交通类公共服务和旅游安全保障管理类公共服务,相对而言,旅游基础设施类公共服务和休闲空间与旅游便民惠民类公共服务供需矛盾较小。该结果为西部山地旅游公共服务体系构建明确了发展方向。     

Optimization of the extraction of phenolic compounds from red grape marc (Vitis vinifera L.) using response surface methodology

Optimization of the extraction of total polyphenols (TPC), flavanols (FL), total anthocyanins (TA) and total tannins (TT) from grape marc by the response surface methodology is important to improve the recovery of these high-value phytochemicals. The independent variables studied were ethanol concentration (% EtOH), extraction time (h) and liquid-to-solvent ratio (L/S). TPC, FL, TT and TA showed different patterns of extractability, with significant variation in the linear, quadratic and interaction effects of the independent variables. The optimal extraction conditions were determined and the quadratic response surfaces were drawn from the mathematical models. The optimal extraction conditions were: 57% EtOH, 17?h, 50:1 L/S for TPC; 57% EtOH, 13?h, 50:1 L/S for FL; 62% EtOH, 16?h, 50:1 L/S for TT and 52% EtOH, 6?h, 10:1 L/S for TA. These optimum conditions yielded: 24?mg GAE/g DM of TPC; 1.5?mg quercetin/g DM of FL; 18?mg catechin/g DM of TT and 6?mg malvidin/g DM of TA.     

基于深度学习的传感器优化布置方法

针对传感器优化布置(optimal sensor placement,简称OSP)问题,提出了一种新的使用深度神经网络的解决方案,并以简化的桥梁形状的桁架结构中的振动测试传感器优化为例进行了验证。首先,选择一种传统的传感器优化布置方法,对自动化生成的大量不同的桁架结构分别进行传感器优化布置计算,将所得优化布置结果在进行数据预处理后构建出深度学习方法所需要的训练集与验证集;其次,使用Python语言和深度学习框架TensorFlow设计实现与本研究问题适配的深度神经网络模型并训练;然后,随机生成了新的桁架结构参数;最后,将深度神经网络输出的传感器布置结果和传统方法的计算结果进行了比较,验证了本研究方法的有效性以及在速度上、可移植性与可扩展性方面的性能优势。     

提升生活排水系统卫生安全性能的关键问题

新冠肺炎确诊患者粪便病毒检测呈阳性,意味着新冠病毒可能会通过气溶胶的方式进行传播,使得生活排水系统的卫生安全问题时隔17年后再次摆在人们面前。以保障人的健康为出发点,从基础研究、排水机理、系统设计、施工监管、维护管理等多方面提出了提升生活排水系统卫生安全性能的关键问题,以期从全生命周期内切断排水系统可能传播病毒的隐形途径,切实保障居民居家健康。