数据出版对我国地质数据共享的启示

地质科学数据是地质环境工作的基础资料,对国外相关地学机构或期刊的数据出版现状进行分析,有利于我国地质领域在科学数据出版方面得到长足的发展。本文通过分析国内外数据出版政策、模式等方面的发展现状,对我国数据出版提出了相应的数据共享启示。我国应完善政府、地学机构等多层次、多结构的数据共享政策,与数据存储机构合作创办地质数据期刊,在发展初期着手建立多平台、高标准的数据传播模式。     

Observations Data Model 2: A community information model for spatially discrete Earth observations

Integrated access to and analysis of data for cross-domain synthesis studies are hindered because common characteristics of observational data, including time, location, provenance, methods, and units are described differently within different information models, including physical implementations and exchange schema. We describe a new information model for spatially discrete Earth observations called the Observations Data Model Version 2 (ODM2) aimed at facilitating greater interoperability across scientific disciplines and domain cyberinfrastructures. ODM2 integrates concepts from ODM1 and other existing cyberinfrastructures to expand capacity to consistently describe, store, manage, and encode observational datasets for archival and transfer over the Internet. Compared to other systems, it accommodates a wider range of observational data derived from both sensors and specimens. We describe the identification of community information requirements for ODM2 and then present the core information model and demonstrate how it can be formally extended to accommodate a range of information requirements and use cases.     

基于轨迹位置形状相似性的隐私保护算法

为了降低轨迹数据发布产生的隐私泄露风险,提出了多种轨迹匿名算法。然而,现有的轨迹匿名算法在计算轨迹相似性时忽略了轨迹的形状因素对轨迹相似性的影响,因此产生的匿名轨迹集合的可用性相对较低。针对这一问题,提出了一种新的轨迹相似性度量模型,在考虑轨迹的时间和空间要素的同时,加入了轨迹的形状因素,可以在多项式时间内计算定义在不同时间跨度上的轨迹的距离,能够更加准确、快速地度量轨迹之间的相似性;在此基础上,提出了一种基于轨迹位置形状相似性的隐私保护算法,最大限度地提高了聚类内部轨迹的相似性,并且使用真实的原始位置信息形成数据"面罩",满足了轨迹k-匿名,在有效地保护轨迹数据的同时,提高了轨迹数据的可用性;最后,在合成轨迹数据集和真实轨迹数据集上的实验结果表明,本算法花费更少的时间代价,具有更高的数据可用性。     

What are the fundamental facts of a comparison of two treatments' outcomes?

Responds to comments by Stefan G. Hofmann (see record 2011-19228-003), Edward A. Wise (see record 2011-19228-004), Michael J. Lambert (see record 2011-19228-005), and William H. Gottdiener (see record 2011-19228-006) on the authors original article "Statistical significance testing and clinical trials" (see record 2011-19228-002). The original article is one very narrowly focused effort at studying the implications of relying on the null hypothesis significance test (NHST) for determining which psychotherapy randomized clinical trial (RCT) findings to take seriously for clinical purposes. Although there are several approaches for faulting the NHST, the matter is important and complicated enough to justify dealing, in detail, with one approach at a time. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

“游程总数”法诊断Meta分析中发表偏倚的准确度评价

目的评价利用文献的发表时间信息以＂游程总数＂构建的发表偏倚诊断方法（＂游程总数＂法）的准确度,为其推广应用提供理论依据。方法运用Matlab 7.0软件产生有偏和无偏Meta分析研究模拟数据,计算并比较＂游程总数＂法与Egger法的灵敏度和特异度,对＂游程总数＂法的诊断准确度进行评价。结果 ＂游程总数＂法与Egger法的灵敏度较低（分别为：0.3302±0.0574和0.360 7±0.1856）,而特异度（分别为：0.7062±0.030 8和0.7896±0.0108）较好;＂游程总数＂法的灵敏度和特异度均低于Egger法,但相差幅度小;＂游程总数＂法的灵敏度与Meta分析中的子研究个数有关。结论新构建的＂游程总数＂法与Egger法具有相似的灵敏度和特异度,由于其特殊的理论基础,与基于漏斗图的常用方法联合使用对发表偏倚进行诊断,有利于改善目前灵敏度较低的现状。     

略谈MAPCAD(5.32版)的使用技术

按数字制图的步骤，简要地介绍了ＭＡＰＣＡＤ（５ ．３２ 版）的使用技术。     

工程图学双语教材建设实践

近几年来,工程图学双语教学成为工程图学领域的教学改革热点之一,工程图学双语教材的建设自然也被越来越多的人所关注。以此为题,讨论了目前国内工程图学双语教材的现状,双语教材的分类,工程图学系列图书出版以及该系列图书的特点。