带有锥状反射结构的AlGaInP键合衬底LED

本研究通过光辅助化学腐蚀技术在衬底键合AlGaInP反极性发光二极管中制备出锥状反射镜结构提升器件的光提取效率。首先利用氢氟酸与双氧水在532nm激光的辐射下载GaP:Mg层制备出锥状腐蚀结构,然后将金属反射镜蒸镀在锥状结构之上制备锥状的反射镜结构。在完成全部芯片工艺后,测试结果表明锥状反射镜结构可以显著提升光提取效率,并在光通量测量中与表面粗化集成平板反射镜LED相比较,得到了18.55%的增强。     

Design,modeling, and optimization of a dual reflector parabolic trough concentration system

The aim of the present work is to enhance the thermal management avoiding the high-thermal stress on the outer surface of the parabolic trough receiver (PTR) derived from nonuniform concentrated solar flux distribution. A parabolic trough concentrating (PTC) system with second homogenizing reflector (HR) is numerically designed and optimized to ensure a uniform concentrated solar flux on the PTR walls. For this purpose, a three-dimensional optical model has been developed to analyze quantitatively the improvement made by the HR using the optical efficiency and qualitatively basing on the uniformity of the solar flux density distribution over the entire surface of the PTR. The validation of the numerical tool is presented, and the algorithm of the design process has been proposed and detailed. As a preliminary trait, it was revealed that the peak of the designed system performance is achieved with a rim angle of 68° avoiding simultaneously the aberration and the blocking effects. Despite the optical efficiency decrease by about 7% compared with the conventional PTC design, the uniformity of the solar flux distribution has been strongly improved such that the maximum local solar flux density gradient is decreased from 80 to 11 kW/m² equivalent to a decrease of 86.25% with respect to the conventional PTC and the average local density is about 25.5 kW/m².     

补偿强反光体表面红外测温误差的算法研究

针对运动强反光体表面温度实时测量困难、精度低这一难点,本文从红外测温原理入手,分析并揭示了红外测温精度易受到被测物体反射率、测量距离、测量环境、红外入射角等因素的影响。根据铝板材加工设备轧辊表面测温实际需要设计了一种利用红外传感器实现对强反光体表面温度点对点测量的方案。通过对测量数据的研究分析建立了一种基于斯忒藩定律的红外入射角度补偿算法,以此减小因红外入射角度变化产生的测温误差。实验结果证明本方法能较好地弥补红外入射角度变化产生的测温误差,提高测温精度。该补偿算法运算简单,适应性强,为改善入射角度变化对测温精度影响提供了新的方法。     

某雷达天线反射器的轻量化研制

本项目采用化学蚀刻法制作副反射器栅面图形替代原来的绷丝工艺;用高强度聚氨酯泡沫、J-164填充胶、低密度纤维粉等材料制作天线反射器法兰和加强筋部分;采用一体化成型法兰的方法既节约了两套法兰模具、缩短了天线制作周期,又减轻了天线的重量,采用合理的后处理工艺使天线反射器的型面精度达到图纸要求。     

Impact of heliostat curvature on optical performance of Linear Fresnel solar concentrators

The present paper gives a numerical investigation of the effect of mirror curvature on optical performance of a Linear Fresnel Reflector solar field installed recently in Morocco. The objective is to highlight and discuss the effect of mirror curvature on the flux density distribution over the receiver and the system optical efficiency. For this purpose, a Monte Carlo-ray tracing simulation tool is developed and used to optimize the optical design taking into account the curvature degree of the heliostat field. In order to assess the accuracy of the numerical code developed and the validity of simulation results, a set of verification tests were developed and detailed within this article. Then, the optical performance of the system is evaluated as a function of mirror curvature and receiver height. The major challenge of this study is to find a trade-off between heliostat curvature and receiver height since lower and smaller receivers may reduce the system cost. It has been found that the flux distribution over the receiver and the optical efficiency of the system are relatively sensitive to the mirror curvature. We have demonstrated quantitatively how the use of curved mirrors can enhance the optical performance and reduce the required receiver size.     

Solar-driven high temperature hydrogen production via integrated spectrally split concentrated photovoltaics (SSCPV) and solar power tower

Hydrogen production can be achieved via combined concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) in which concentrated radiation is spectrally split and then converted in a photovoltaic receiver and a thermal absorber. This study thus proposes an innovative solar process design integrating both thermal and quantum components of solar energy while providing a complete assessment of its global performance to demonstrate its practical interest. A stand-alone solar-to-hydrogen path was modeled and numerically simulated, which was both electrically and thermally supplied by a solar power generation unit to feed the electrolyzer power utilization unit with enhanced solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency. Following balance of plant (BoP), the heliostat field and cavity receiver were designed to match the entire system in which the receiver only intercepts a definite range of infrared wavelength while the rest is converted by separately insulated PV cells. Moreover, dichroic reflectors and optimum cutoff wavelength were applied to fulfill separate optimization and heat load reduction of each solar cell. Finally, the solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) was designed to utilize the generated thermal and electrical power appropriately. In best case scenario, a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 36.5% was achieved under 899 W/m² direct normal irradiance (DNI) and 1000 suns concentration. The solar plant outputs at this operating point were 850 g/h H₂ and 6754 g/h O₂. Further improvement in efficiency can be achieved through alignment in regard to the site location and annual insolation variation.     

星载环形天线重力补偿新方法

针对环形天线地面展开试验中由吊丝非铅锤效应引起的重力补偿不足和吊丝附加水平横向力等问题，提出了一种吊丝主动水平定位与运动的重力补偿方法。对环形天线展开过程进行运动学分析得到了各桁架节点水平位移与桁架展开角的函数关系，进而实现天线展开过程中滑轮车对桁架节点位置的精确跟随；对环形天线展开过程进行力学分析，得到了各个吊丝的配重质量；基于ADAMS软件对所提重力补偿方法和吊丝配重法进行对比分析，验证了方法的合理性和正确性。     

RECOVERING THE WIRING OF ENIGMA'S UMKEHRWALZE A

Umkehrwalze A was the original reflector used in the version of the Enigma machine employed by the German armed services. Its wiring was originally deduced by the Polish cryptanalyst Marian Rejewski in December 1932 or January 1933, but details of the wiring have not previously been published. Sufficient information to recover the wiring analytically is provided in a wartime document by Alan Turing, and other sources have been found to confirm the solution. This paper presents the wiring, along with alternative methods of recovering it from Turing's data.     

底反射层氧化对模块式高温气冷堆进气事故的影响分析

进气事故是模块式高温气冷堆(HTR-PM)事故分析中重点考虑的一种事故类型。核级石墨在高温气冷堆中被广泛用作反射层材料、结构材料和慢化材料等。在进气事故中,燃料元件基体石墨发生氧化反应增加了燃料颗粒裸露和放射性释放的风险,底反射层发生氧化反应降低了石墨材料的机械性能,可能破坏堆芯底部结构的完整性。本文利用高温气冷堆专用系统分析程序TINTE,分别选取两种不同氧化速率的石墨材料作为底反射层材料,以热气导管双端断裂的进气事故为例,分析不同材料对进气事故的影响。在保证底反射层完整性的前提下,底反射层采用高氧化速率的材料时,能明显降低燃料颗粒裸露和放射性释放的风险。     

Silver versus white sheet as a back reflector for microcrystalline silicon solar cells deposited on LPCVD‐ZnO electrodes of various textures

We compare the performance of two back reflector designs on the optoelectrical properties of microcrystalline silicon solar cells. The first one consists of a 5‐µm‐thick low‐pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD)‐ZnO electrode combined with a white sheet; the second one incorporates an Ag reflector deposited on a thin LPCVD‐ZnO layer (with thickness below 200 nm). For this latter design, the optical loss in the nano‐rough Ag reflector can be strongly reduced by smoothing the surface of the thin underlying ZnO layer, by means of an Ar‐plasma treatment. Because of its superior lateral conductivity, the thin‐ZnO/Ag back reflector design provides a higher fill factor than the dielectric back reflector design. When decreasing the roughness of the front electrode with respect to our standard front LPCVD‐ZnO layer, the electrical cell performance is improved; in addition, the implementation of the thin‐ZnO/Ag back reflector leads to a significant relative gain in light trapping. Applying this newly optimized combination of front and back electrodes, the conversion efficiency is improved from 8.9% up to 9.4%, for cells with an active‐layer thickness of only 1.1 µm. We thereby highlight the necessity to optimize simultaneously the front and back electrodes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.