机器翻译译文质量估计综述

机器翻译译文质量估计(Quality Estimation,QE)是指在不需要人工参考译文的条件下,估计机器翻译系统产生的译文的质量,对机器翻译研究和应用具有很重要的价值。机器翻译译文质量估计经过最近几年的发展,取得了丰富的研究成果。该文首先介绍了机器翻译译文质量估计的背景与意义;然后详细介绍了句子级QE、单词级QE、文档级QE的具体任务目标、评价指标等内容,进一步概括了QE方法发展的三个阶段: 基于特征工程和机器学习的QE方法阶段,基于深度学习的QE方法阶段,融入预训练模型的QE方法阶段,并介绍了每一阶段中的代表性研究工作;最后分析了目前的研究现状及不足,并对未来QE方法的研究及发展方向进行了展望。     

多感官设计的可视化分析:研究进展、热点与趋势

目的 对国内多感官设计的相关文献进行总结分析，探寻该领域的研究现状、热点与发展趋势，为今后多感官设计理论及实践研究提供参考。方法 基于文献计量分析法，以2005-2021年知网、万方、维普、超星及华艺数据库收录的741篇多感官设计文献为分析对象，采用CiteSpace、NoteExperss等软件对该领域文献的发表时间、载文期刊、高被引文献、作者、机构、     

科研管理项目管理系统设计与开发

信息化时代推动了我国科研水平飞速增长,为各行业、各领域提供先进的技术与设备支持,以此提升我国整体的GDP水平。文章认为在提升科研水平的过程中,科研项目管理系统起到举足轻重的作用,为科研活动的规范性、合理性与可行性提供了参考标准。     

中国石油工业上游发展面临的挑战与未来科技攻关方向

石油和天然气是全球和中国最重要的一次能源。石油工业的生存发展是由油气资源、市场、技术和社会政治经济环境等要素决定的，其中，技术进步是最活跃和最关键的因素之一。中国已成为全球油气生产消费大国，中国石油工业上游的发展也高度依赖石油科技的进步。中国石油工业已形成了先进完整的理论技术研发和装备制造体系，支撑了油气产量持续稳产和增产。未来是中国社会经济发展的关键期，石油工业必将面对重大挑战与新的技术需求，大力实施国家创新战略，发展具有国际领先水平的新一代勘探开发理论技术，支撑油气产业发展，保障国家油气能源安全。中国石油工业上游在未来面临的重大挑战与技术需求包括：①满足中国未来现代化建设的巨大油气需求和保障油气供应安全，这当中必须加大中国油气勘探开发，同时进一步扩大全球及"一带一路"油气投资与生产；②实现中国石油长期稳产2×10⁸t/a以上；③实现中国天然气产量上升至3 000×10⁸m³/a并长期稳产；④发展海洋及深水油气勘探开发先进技术与装备；⑤形成新一代石油工程服务技术装备和数字化转型。中国石油工业上游未来的科技攻关方向和研发重点包括：①先进的石油大幅度提高采收率技术；②大气田勘探与复杂气田提高采收率技术；③非常规油气勘探开发技术；④海洋及深水油气勘探开发技术及装备；⑤"一带一路"油气勘探开发技术；⑥新一代石油工程服务技术装备和数字化转型。     

Discrete choice experiments in the analysis of consumers’ preferences for finfish products: A systematic literature review

Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) have become an important tool for assessing the preferences of consumers for finfish seafood products. This investigation presents a systematic literature review of studies performed in the last 20 years (2000–2019) that use DCEs to analyse consumers’ preferences for finfish products, with the purpose to identify the main insights of consumer behaviour towards these products, the most used attributes for this type of experiments and to discuss and compare some willingness to pay estimations. We found that origin was the most used attribute for this kind of experiments, while other important factors were the harvest method, a specific certification label and the species or products considered. The WTP estimates evidenced that consumers are willing to pay premiums for domestic products, while similarly, wild products were preferred over farmed products. Also, there were higher WTP estimates for certified products, in which specific certification labels were better options rather than just claiming that the product was certified or not. All claims and labels related to sustainability, nutritional, health and safety information provided premiums that consumers were willing to pay, however, the importance differed depending on the type of label or claim, the country and species. Future research should consider the influence of being or not the main purchaser in the household, as it might affect the WTP values. Also, given the importance, future research extensions using DCEs are needed on the Chinese and Asian finfish market.     

The roles of conceptual modelling in improving construction simulation studies: A comprehensive review

The conceptual modelling phase of simulation studies has proven to be effective in enhancing the impact of simulation modelling in different domains. However, this simulation phase did not receive much attention in the construction simulation domain. The objective of this paper is to identify the roles that conceptual modelling can play in advancing the engagement, accuracy, and adoption (among other things) of discrete-event simulation studies in construction. In this paper, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is conducted, which involves a comprehensive search of databases and researchers’ profiles to identify journal papers, conference articles, books, and theses that have reported the benefits of conceptual modelling for discrete-event simulation studies. The review resulted in 82 documents that were published from 2000 to 2020. Results indicate that the benefits of conceptual modelling include facilitating communications between stakeholders, capturing sufficient information for the simulation model, improving the quality of simulation models, guiding other simulation modelling activities, and facilitating verification and validation of simulation models. By linking these benefits to the current research agenda in construction simulation, this paper shows the significance and potential of the conceptual modelling phase to enhance the impact of discrete-event simulation studies in construction.     

Identification of potential technologies for 1,4-Butanediol production using prospecting methodology

1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BDO) is a four-carbon diol used for industrial applications such as organic solvents, and the production of adhesives, fibers and polyurethanes. 1,4-BDO currently is produced through several petrochemical routes: hydrogenation of maleic anhydride, isomerization of propylene oxide, acetoxylation of butadiene, and the reaction between formaldehyde and acetylene. The current trends in 1,4-BDO production involve the utilization of renewable sources such as biomass. In this context, the present study aimed to identify promising technologies of 1,4-BDO production through prospecting methodology based on the analyses of patents and scientific article, describing the most relevant aspects of those emerging technologies. An increasing amount of 1,4-BDO production focused on biotechnological routes has been reported, with the US heavily involved in the development of new technologies. This study tracked three promising technologies which have potential for application in a biorefinery context because those processes involve (i) production of 1,4-BDO from sugars, classified herein as the biotechnological route; (ii) production of intermediates from sugar fermentation followed by catalytic conversion into 1,4-BDO, classified herein as the hybrid route, and (iii) furan/furfural conversion into 1,4-BDO. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

Applying Feature-Weighted Gradient Decent K-Nearest Neighbor to Select Promising Projects for Scientific Funding

Due to its outstanding ability in processing large quantity and high-dimensional data, machine learning models have been used in many cases, such as pattern recognition, classification, spam filtering, data mining and forecasting. As an outstanding machine learning algorithm, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) has been widely used in different situations, yet in selecting qualified applicants for winning a funding is almost new. The major problem lies in how to accurately determine the importance of attributes. In this paper, we propose a Feature-weighted Gradient Decent K-Nearest Neighbor (FGDKNN) method to classify funding applicants in to two types: approved ones or not approved ones. The FGDKNN is based on a gradient decent learning algorithm to update weight. It updatesthe weight of labels by minimizing error ratio iteratively, so that the importance of attributes can be described better. We investigate the performance of FGDKNN with Beijing Innofund. The results show that FGDKNN performs about 23%, 20%, 18%, 15% better than KNN, SVM, DT and ANN, respectively. Moreover, the FGDKNN has fast convergence time under different training scales, and has good performance under different settings.     

Turning tradition into an instrument of research: The editorship of William Nicholson (1753–1815)

Mainly known for its links to the periodical market and radical politics, this article recontextualizes the editorship of William Nicholson (1753–1815) in terms of its roots in the metropolitan natural philosophical circles of the second half of the 18th century as well as its impact on experimenters and men of science after 1797. The article argues that Nicholson's editorship of the Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts was a means to expand his philosophical significance among natural philosophers at home and abroad—and was, in fact, a form of epistemological subversion that challenged the “Banksian Learned Empire.”     

A systematic literature review to explore traceability and lifecycle relationship

Traceability is the ability to follow a product along its lifecycle. It ensures product safety and quality along the supply chain, managing information generated by several players. Even though regulations establish the information that has to be traced, each player generates much more product (and process) information, which could be used to add value to products, with respect to, not only traceability, but also the lifecycle approach. However, the concepts do not appear to be immediately related in scientific panorama. This paper aims to explore the relationship between traceability and lifecycle through a systematic literature review. Six industries (Software, Manufacturing, Automotive, Automation, Aircraft, and Aerospace) and seven subject areas (Software engineering; System engineering; Industry 4.0; New product development; Process management; Data Management; and Environmental sustainability) were identified through bibliometric analysis. To better explore this relationship in the context of the food industry, a content analysis on lead papers’ sample was performed to identify traceability and lifecycle definitions, methodologies and technologies and their relation. The results of the work, synthetised in a proposed research map, will be of interest to those who are approaching the subject for the first time, and for companies involved in product lifecycle management and food traceability.