Softness,elasticity, and smoothness characteristics of cooked udon noodles based on texture analysis

Objective evaluation methods for the elasticity, smoothness, and softness of cooked udon noodles were established on the basis of texture analysis. Noodles with different diameters and amylose contents were prepared to verify the reliability of the proposed evaluation methods. Results revealed that the elasticity of udon noodles could be examined by using the method that involved rinsing cooked noodles with 10°C cold water for 30 s and stretching a single strand of cooked noodle at 3 mm/s with an A/KIE probe until broken. The stiffness of the sample at 3.5 mm could be determined to indicate the elasticity caused by the size of dried udon noodles. The softness and smoothness of cooked udon noodles could be examined when cooled and drained for 30 s by using an heavy duty platform/pasta firmness/stickiness rig probe. The elasticity of cooked udon noodles increased as their diameter increased, and their smoothness and softness significantly increased as the amylose content decreased (p < .05). Texture analysis could be used to quickly and accurately indicate the elasticity, softness, and smoothness of cooked udon noodles. The texture characteristics of udon noodles were related to their formulation, processing, and size. Establishing an adaptability evaluation method for the quality of udon noodles is a prerequisite for optimizing processing technologies and developing new products. Thus far, limited research has focused on objective methods for evaluating the texture of cooked udon noodles. This work developed valuable instrumental methods for examining the elasticity, softness, and smoothness of cooked udon noodles and provided noodle manufacturers a tool for selecting udon noodle formulations and processing technology based on texture analysis.     

Workers’ rest allowance and smoothing of the workload in assembly lines

Ergonomic aspects have a crucial role in manual assembly systems. They impact on the workers’ health, final product quality and productivity. For these reasons, there is the necessity to integrate them into the assembly line balancing phase as, whereas, only time and cost variables are considered. In this study, human energy expenditures are considered as ergonomic aspects and we integrate them, for the first time, into the assembly line balancing problem type 2 through the rest allowance evaluation. We consider as an objective function the minimization of the smoothness index. Firstly, a new optimal method based on mixed integer linear programming and a new linearization methodology are proposed. Then, a heuristic approach is introduced. To complete the study, a computational experimentation is presented to validate the mathematical model and to compare the methodologies proposed in terms of computational time, complexity and solution. Additionally, we provide a detailed analysis of the impact that rest allowance evaluation can have on productivity comparing the results obtained, taking into account the rest allowance integration before, during and after the assembly balancing process.     

沥青混凝土路面摊铺用料动态监控

文章以信阳至九里关高速公路沥青路面工程项目第2合同段沥青混凝土路面的施工为例。谈谈如何在确保路面面层质量的前提下，使用“用料核算表”动态地控制路面面层的用料数量。     

摊铺机速度对路面平整度的影响

分析了摊铺机速度与平整度的关系，从外界负荷、液压油变化、履带与地面间的滑转等方面探讨了引起摊铺机速度变化的原因，最终达到提高路面平整度，保证路面质量的目的。     

广州新白云机场货运站大面积特殊地坪施工

介绍了库区超大面积钢纤维混凝土结构层、骨料耐磨面层一次成型的特殊地坪综合施工技术以及施工中为防止地坪沉陷而采取的相应技术措施。     

影响沥青路面平整度的原因分析及处理措施

结合施工经验，分析了影响沥青路面平整度的原因，从沥青路面的施工、碾压、试拌和试铺等方面介绍了提高沥青路面平整度的措施，最终提高路面工程质量。     

大面积钢筋混凝土地面施工

由于大面积钢筋混凝土地面具有结构牢固、平整光洁和便于清洁的优点，在一般公众场所，从20世纪90年代起就取代了水泥砂浆地面、水磨石地面以及地板砖地面。从原材料的选用，混凝土配合比及水灰比的确定，坍落度和温度的控制、搅拌、运输、浇筑，直到平整度控制、压实磨光、养护、表面硬化剂处理各道工序均作了详细的阐述。     

振动真空吸水混凝土地面施工方法

介绍了振动真空吸水混凝土地面施工的工艺流程、具体施工方法及注意事项。采用此种方法施工混凝土地面可以提高平整度,减少裂缝的出现。     

提高沥青路面平整度的几项措施

根据沥青路面施工监理实践 ,介绍了提高沥青路面平整度的 10项措施 ,并对各项措施的施工关键点及有关注意事项进行了说明 ,以更好地解决平整度的问题。     

沥青混凝土面层施工中的质量控制

从沥青混合料、运输、摊铺、碾压这四个方面，介绍了沥青混凝土面层施工质量控制中应注意的几个问题，以提高沥青混凝土面层的压实度和平整度，确保路面的施工质量。