Ethics,society, and technology: A Confucian role ethics perspective

This essay provides a very brief overview of Confucian ethics that focuses on the role-based morality. It compares Confucian ethics with two dominant schools of thought in Western ethics deontology and consequentialism. This essay then discusses how Confucian ethics provides a unique way to think about social and political issues such as how the political leaders are selected and evaluated, the ethical justification of political legitimacy, the prioritization of economic, social, and cultural rights over other rights, and moral egalitarianism. Finally, this essay explores the ways in which Confucian ethics serves as a useful intellectual resource for examining the issues arising from the ethical assessment of (emerging) technologies and the professional formation of engineers. The Appendix of this essay includes some teaching resources that instructors can employ to teach students about ethics, society, and technology from a Confucian role ethics perspective.     

‘I am not a number’: Conceptualising identity in digital surveillance

Surveillance, now a commonplace phenomenon in everyday life, has been explored from various disciplines over three decades. Today's surveillance practices depend primarily upon many software technologies that collect, store and process personal data for the purposes of influence, management, protection or detection. The identification and categorisation of data have thus emerged as the technical signature of surveillance. An individual has many identities belonging to different contexts of his/her life, but in this paper, we explore the relationship between surveillance and identity in virtual contexts only. We argue that an understanding of identity purely as data is fundamental to understanding surveillance. We propose abstract general definitions of surveillance and identity that together create a conceptual framework, capturing key features common to many disparate surveillance situations. Our work concludes that the essence of surveillance is that of a surveillance context, which is precisely and solely defined by the availability of data about the behaviour and identity of its entities. The data that distinguishes the entities of the context we call identifiers; we explore the creation, provenance, comparison and transformation of identifiers. Abstractly, surveillance is a process that tests for properties of data, and sorts identifiers into categories.     

江苏沿海滩涂开发优化的动力机制研究

江苏沿海滩涂开发具有悠久的历史,但是传统的滩涂开发模式已经不能适应江苏省"强富美高"的发展新理念,现有的滩涂开发模式亟需优化升级。经过对由经济发展、生产方式变革、自然环境等要素构成的滩涂优化开发内源动力以及由科技创新、资金保障、政策制度等要素构成的外源动力进行分析,并对其连续动力机制进行深入研究,发现滩涂开发在其内外源动力的共同作用下可以逐步缓解人地矛盾,实现经济效益和富民的效应;但是开发与环境之间互为影响,甚至可能与环境美的目标相反。研究结果表明:在滩涂开发过程中,应坚持生态优先、绿色发展,加强政府引导、理顺机制,注重高新产业、科技投入,围绕临海能源、绿化造林,只有这样才能推动滩涂开发动力机制不断正向循环,实现经济社会的可持续发展。     

Estonian urbanism 1935–1955: the Soviet-era implementation of pre-war ambitions

Estonian 1940s–1950s town planning practices show that Stalinist principles were in line with those of Estonian architects during the 1930s pre-war, independence period. However, between 1944 and 1955, within the context of the Soviet regime’s occupation, urban planning was faced with rigid ideological constraints. After the Second World War, Estonian architects were forced to abandon projects in historical city centres, which focused on maintaining local natural conditions and cultural heritage, as well as using local materials. Some existing town centres, such as in Tallinn, Narva, and Pärnu, were reconstructed after suffering damage in the war, as well as for ideological reasons. Yet, during this time period, most efforts were directed towards building new industrial towns in East Estonia that exemplified a Stalinist utopia; this also presented the Soviet regime with an opportunity to exploit local mineral resources.     

Chinese state and society in epidemic governance: A historical perspective

This paper looks at the role of state and society in the history of epidemic governance in China for an appreciation of the way China manages the current COVID-19 epidemic.     

新冠肺炎疫情对上海经济社会发展的影响机制与应对策略

新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称新冠肺炎)疫情对上海经济社会发展造成了诸多影响,上海正在深入学习贯彻习近平总书记系列重要讲话精神,坚定推进"两手抓、两手硬、两手赢"。通过电话咨询部分企业家、查阅媒体相关文献、对比SARS疫情、政策分析等方式,研究认为新冠肺炎疫情对上海经济发展的影响可以从"短期-中期-长期"的时间序列进行分析,而对社会发展影响则可从"个人-社区-城市-社会"空间序列进行探讨,在影响机制的基础上还提出了相应的对策建议。     

中国节约矿产资源的发展道路浅谈

随着中国国民经济的发展，资源问题已经逐渐成为制约经济社会发展的突出问题。中国必须建设资源节约型社会，走节约矿产资源的道路。首先，要坚持体制和机制的改革，实行矿产资源有偿开采，深化资源型产品的价格改革，提高资源利用效率；其次，深化资源税费改革，运用价格杠杆促进资源节约；第三，加大地勘矿业投入。完善鼓励发展地勘矿业的政策法规。缓解资源约束。     

从科学发展观的角度认识党的建设与精神文明建设

本文从坚持以人为本 ,树立全面、协调、可持续发展进而促进经济社会和人的全面发展这一基本观点出发 ,分析了在社会主义市场经济体制建立过程中所出现的把经济社会发展等同于经济发展的错误倾向。强调以人为本 ,尤其是共产党更要保持自身的先进性。在加强物质文明建设的同时 ,必须大力加强精神文明建设。     

发展循环经济构建人与自然和谐的社会

循环经济是21世纪环境问题的关键之一,也是我国改善环境,构建人与自然和谐社会的必然选择.对此作了几点思考,并提出了对策和建议.     

加速甘肃非国有矿山企业发展的对策建议

党的“十六大”提出了毫不动摇地发展非公有制经济的基本方针。本文通过对甘肃省非国有矿山企业在全省矿山企业中的地位、在经济社会发展中具有不可替代的作用、矿产资源对发展非公有制矿业的有利和不利因素及存在问题的分析研究 ,提出了对策建议。