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1.
The electrical and optical properties of (001)- and (110)-oriented 0.73 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.27PbTiO3 single crystals are systematically investigated at various temperatures, both of which present a series of ferroelectric phase transition processes. Dielectric performance measurements reveal that the ferroelectric phase transition occurs over a temperature range, rather than at one temperature point. By testing the ferroelectric hysteresis P–E curves as well as bipolar and unipolar electric field-induced strain S–E curves, the values of remnant polarization, coercive field, maximum strain, and converse piezoelectric constant d33* change considerably near the phase transition temperatures. Simultaneously, the 0.73PMN-0.27PT single crystals with (001)- and (110)-orientations under a low electric field show ultrahigh d33* values of 3540 and 2817 pm/V, respectively, which can be attributed to the electric field-induced monoclinic and orthorhombic phases, respectively. The series of ferroelectric phase transitions upon heating, that is, from rhombohedral ferroelectric to monoclinic/orthorhombic, followed by from monoclinic/orthorhombic to tetragonal, and finally from tetragonal to cubic paraelectric, are further investigated via polarized light microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.  相似文献   
2.
本研究采用分子自组装技术制备虾青素/乳清蛋白纳米复合物,并探究虾青素(Astaxanthin,AST)与乳清蛋白(Whey Protein)之间的分子相互作用机制。选用乳清蛋白(α-乳白蛋白、β-乳球蛋白、浓缩乳清蛋白、牛血清蛋白)与虾青素自组装,通过控制水相蛋白质溶液与有机相虾青素溶液的比例,分别可控形成H聚集体或J聚集体虾青素/乳清蛋白纳米复合物(H/J Aggregates Astaxanthin/Whey Protein Nanocomplexes)。通过动态光散射仪(Dynamic Light Scattering,DLS)测定虾青素/乳清蛋白纳米复合物的粒径均在150~430 nm之间,多分散性指数(Polydispersity Index,PDI)表明分散性良好,电位在?12~?1 mV之间;采用透射电子显微镜(Transmission Electron Microscope,TEM)观察成功制备出的H聚集体或J聚集体虾青素/乳清蛋白纳米复合物呈边缘清晰光滑的近球形结构;紫外可见光谱表明4种蛋白质构建的H聚集体或J聚集体虾青素/乳清蛋白纳米复合物中虾青素H聚集体最大吸收波长λmax由虾青素单体的λmax480 nm蓝移至388 nm,虾青素J聚集体最大吸收波长λmax光谱红移,并显示出519和556 nm左右的并肩峰;通过荧光光谱分析表明由于虾青素聚集体特定的结构使形成的虾青素/乳清蛋白纳米复合物的荧光强度都明显增强,乳清蛋白中疏水性氨基酸及疏水性区域暴露。本研究从虾青素及其聚集体的水分散性和乳清蛋白载体特性两方面探究,为其后续在食品药品领域的开发及应用提供理论依据。  相似文献   
3.
《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(4):3615-3632
Accurate and timely pregnancy diagnosis is an important component of effective herd management in dairy cattle. Predicting pregnancy from Fourier-transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy data is of particular interest because the data are often already available from routine milk testing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how well pregnancy status could be predicted in a large data set of 1,161,436 FT-MIR milk spectra records from 863,982 mixed-breed pasture-based New Zealand dairy cattle managed within seasonal calving systems. Three strategies were assessed for defining the nonpregnant cows when partitioning the records according to pregnancy status in the training population. Two of these used records for cows with a subsequent calving only, whereas the third also included records for cows without a subsequent calving. For each partitioning strategy, partial least squares discriminant analysis models were developed, whereby spectra from all the cows in 80% of herds were used to train the models, and predictions on cows in the remaining herds were used for validation. A separate data set was also used as a secondary validation, whereby pregnancy diagnosis had been assigned according to the presence of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) in the milk samples. We examined different ways of accounting for stage of lactation in the prediction models, either by including it as an effect in the prediction model, or by pre-adjusting spectra before fitting the model. For a subset of strategies, we also assessed prediction accuracies from deep learning approaches, utilizing either the raw spectra or images of spectra. Across all strategies, prediction accuracies were highest for models using the unadjusted spectra as model predictors. Strategies for cows with a subsequent calving performed well in herd-independent validation with sensitivities above 0.79, specificities above 0.91 and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values over 0.91. However, for these strategies, the specificity to predict nonpregnant cows in the external PAG data set was poor (0.002–0.04). The best performing models were those that included records for cows without a subsequent calving, and used unadjusted spectra and days in milk as predictors, with consistent results observed across the training, herd-independent validation and PAG data sets. For the partial least squares discriminant analysis model, sensitivity was 0.71, specificity was 0.54 and AUC values were 0.68 in the PAG data set; and for an image-based deep learning model, the sensitivity was 0.74, specificity was 0.52 and the AUC value was 0.69. Our results demonstrate that in pasture-based seasonal calving herds, confounding between pregnancy status and spectral changes associated with stage of lactation can inflate prediction accuracies. When the effect of this confounding was reduced, prediction accuracies were not sufficiently high enough to use as a sole indicator of pregnancy status.  相似文献   
4.
《Ceramics International》2019,45(14):16940-16947
Coordination chemistry, bond state and vibrational spectrum of co-substituted microwave dielectric NdNb1-x(Zr0.5W0.5)xO4 ceramics (x = 0.01∼0.05) were investigated. Raman spectra and XRD refinement showed a solid solution was formed. The compressed and elongated chemical bonds are responsible for the variations of crystal parameters and cell volume. Calculated chemical bond parameters indicated bond covalency, lattice energy and Nb-site bond energy act on the fluctuations of the permittivity, quality factor and temperature coefficient, respectively. Meanwhile, the infrared vibrational spectrum is fitted to quantify the contributions of observed IR mode to the intrinsic loss. Compact ceramic possesses excellent properties: εr ∼ 19.2, Q × f ∼ 55282 GHz and τf ∼ -11.36 ppm/°C with x = 0.04, at 1250°C.  相似文献   
5.
本文以云南小粒咖啡为原料制备类黑精,采用三维荧光矩阵光谱分析技术(Three dimensional excitation emission matrix spectra, 3D-EEMs)研究咖啡类黑精在不同温度、不同pH、不同光照及存放时间、不同浓度条件下的荧光光谱特征变化。结果表明:在10~80 ℃范围内云南小粒咖啡类黑精水溶液荧光强度与温度成反比;pH介于5~10之间的类黑精水溶液荧光强度较为稳定;避光存储的类黑精水溶液在60 min内荧光强度变化不显著(P>0.05),而光照时间增加会导致荧光强度显著下降(P<0.05);在浓度小于0.5 mg/mL时,类黑精水溶液荧光强度与浓度成正比,相关系数为0.9846;浓度大于10 mg/mL时会发生荧光猝灭,类黑精水溶液荧光强度与浓度不相关。本研究将为咖啡类黑精光谱特征的深入研究提供一定数据支持。  相似文献   
6.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(24):34695-34703
Li4x/3Zn2–2xTi1+2x/3O4 microwave dielectric ceramics with a spinel phase were prepared via a high-temperature solid-phase method. P–V–L theory, vibration spectra, and XPS were utilized to establish the links between the intrinsic and extrinsic factors and the microwave dielectric properties. According to the characterization, the change in permittivity (εr) was ascribed to the increase in the average bond ionicity of Ti–O(AfiTi-O) and the polar mode of the lattice vibration; the change in quality factor(Q × f) resulted from the change in the Ti–O lattice energy (AUTi-O) and existence of oxygen vacancy; the increase in temperature coefficient of the resonance frequency (τf) was triggered by the increase in the Ti–O bond energy. The Li0.6Zn1.1Ti1.3O4 ceramics (x = 0.45) sintered at 1125 °C finally obtained optimal microwave dielectric constants of εr = 17.3, Q × f = 76,318 GHz and τf = -58 ppm/°C.  相似文献   
7.
辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚(曲拉通X-114)和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-9)之间的相互作用能对水溶液中曲拉通X-114的紫外光谱产生明显影响。实验结果表明,在200~350nm范围内,曲拉通X-114的最大吸收波长为223nm,AEO-9的紫外吸光度接近于0;在水溶液中,AEO-9能减弱曲拉通X-114的紫外吸光度,降幅达3.4%;AEO-9还能显著降低曲拉通X-114的表观临界胶束浓度(cmc),当AEO-9的浓度从0增加到0.050mmol/L 和0.100mmol/L时,曲拉通X-114的表观cmc从0.219mmol/L分别降至0.207mmol/L和0.202mmol/L。实验结果进一步表明,β-环糊精(β-CD)能有效降低AEO-9对曲拉通X-114的紫外吸光度及表观cmc的影响,在曲拉通 X-114和AEO-9复配水溶液中,按物质的量比1∶1加入β-CD,复配水溶液中曲拉通X-114的回收率从95.8%~103.3%变化至99.0%~100.1%,表明了β-CD能明显降低AEO-9对曲拉通X-114的干扰作用。红外光谱表征结果(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱表征(1H NMR)及热重差热分析表征结果(TG-DSC)表明,曲拉通X-114进入β-CD 分子空腔并形成包结物,是阻断曲拉通X-114分子形成混合胶束以及消除AEO对曲拉通X-114的干扰的主要原因。  相似文献   
8.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(2):2230-2240
A series of BaBi2-xNb2ErxO9 ceramic compositions with different Er3+ concentration (x = 0.0–8 mol %) is synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction method. The upconversion (UC) light emission under 980 nm excitation with different pump powers and luminescence-based temperature sensing ability of BaBi2-xNb2ErxO9 composition have been examined. The formation of a Bi-layered perovskite phase of BaBi2Nb2O9 is confirmed having an orthorhombic geometry and Fmmm space group. Shifts in the Raman modes indicate reduced interaction of Bi3+ ions with NbO6 octahedron leading to relaxation of structural distortion with increasing Er3+ content. The maximum value for remnant polarization and coercive field of doped BaBi2-xNb2ErxO9 ceramic for (x = 0.08) Erbium concentration comes out to be 2.9524 μC/cm2 and 49.8980 kV/cm. For an optimum content of x = 0.04, two strong UC green emission bands were observed at 549 nm via 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 transition and 527 nm via 2H11/2 → 4I15/2 transitions, and a weak red emission appears at 657 nm attributed to the 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 transition. Pump power dependence suggests that UC emission is a two-photon mechanism for red and green emission bands. Temperature sensing evaluated by the change in the fluorescence intensity ratio (I527/I549) indicates the highest sensitivity to be 0.00996 K?1 at 483 K for an optimum concentration of Er3+ at x = 0.04 in BaBi2-xNb2ErxO9 composition and is useful for non-contact optical thermometry.  相似文献   
9.
10.
化石燃料资源的枯竭和环境污染等问题,使寻找生物燃料等可持续、可再生能源成为世界关注的焦点。本文通过简单水热法制备3D花球状Bi2SiO5,并用于在模拟太阳光照射下油酸与甲醇的光催化酯化反应。为了解Bi2SiO5催化剂的物理、化学和光学性质,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、氨-程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)对其进行表征,且通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析反应产物成分组成。酯化反应产物油酸甲酯的产率通过1H NMR进行定量分析,计算过程简单、结果精确可靠。在模拟太阳光照射下,最优反应条件为:醇油比为12∶1、催化剂用量为5%(质量分数)、反应温度为70℃、光照反应时间为6h,油酸甲酯产率为28.8%。核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)分析结果显示油酸甲酯选择性高达100%,且催化剂循环3次后油酸甲酯产率仍可达26.8%,稳定性强。电子自旋共振(ESR)测试表明,Bi2SiO5光催化酯化反应过程中存在羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧基自由基(·O2-)。基于Bi2SiO5首次用于光催化酯化反应,为解释其具有催化活性的原因,提出了其光催化酯化反应机理。  相似文献   
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