自适应波束形成的SARLS算法

提出了一种改进的递推最小二乘(RLS)算法——子阵异步RLS算法(SARLS)用于自适应波束形成,改进后的算法,在总权矢量的维数为N、子权矢量维数较小时,运算量由O(N2)降到了O(N),并通过实例仿真详细地验证了算法的实用性:该算法在保持对期望信号良好接收的同时,能够很好地抑制到达方向与期望信号不同的干扰信号。     

均匀阵列下二维TLS-ESPRIT改进算法的研究

通过对均匀阵列下二维TLS-ESPRIT算法的研究,将一维ESPRIT改进算法推广到二维领域,在二排平面均匀直线阵模型中使用同一排几何阵列构造两个子阵列,即将阵元为M的阵列够造成由前M-1个阵元构成的子阵列和后M-1个阵元构成的子阵列,从而增加了阵列的有效孔径,提高了信源波达方向的估计精度,并通过MATLAB仿真,给出了不同信噪比情况下,改进算法与原算法的性能比较,证实了该算法的有效性。     

Range–angle-decoupled beampattern synthesis with subarray-based frequency diverse array

The beam steering of conventional phased array (PA) is fixed in one direction, thus its beampattern synthesis can only be performed in angle domain. Compared with the conventional PA, frequency diverse array (FDA), which applies an additional frequency shift across the array aperture, possesses degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) in not only angle domain but also range domain, thus providing great superiority and many potential applications. However, the range and angle information of the FDA cannot be exclusively determined at the output of the array due to the fact that its beam steering is coupled in range and angle domains. In this paper, we firstly propose a subarray-based FDA framework to obtain the range–angle-decoupled beampattern. Specifically, the array is divided into multiple non-overlapped subarrays with different frequency shifts and these subarrays with non-zero frequency shifts exist in pairs. With the devised subarray-based FDA framework, the DOFs in both range and angle domains can be obtained simultaneously. On this basis, a novel beampattern synthesis method based on semidefinite relaxation (SDR) is proposed to focus the transmit energy in the desired range–angle region. The aim of the constructed constrained optimization problem is to find an optimal transmit weight matrix such that the true transmit beampattern best approximates a desired beampattern. Numerical simulations are implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed range–angle-decoupled beampattern synthesis approach.     

Analytic study on CP enhancement of millimeter wave DR and patch subarray antennas

This article presents a comparative analysis for the performance of single, 2 × 2, and 4 × 4 dielectric resonator (DR) and patch circularly polarized (CP) antenna subarrays at 30 GHz. In order to enhance the CP bandwidth, the subarray elements are fed by two kinds of sequential feeding techniques using parallel and hybrid ring feeds. The 4 × 4 patch antenna subarrays fed by parallel and hybrid ring feeding networks are fabricated and tested. Measurements show acceptable agreement with simulation results. The experimental results show a bandwidth of 36.9% for both (?10 dB) impedance matching and (3 dB) axial ratio CP patterns for the patch subarray antenna with hybrid ring feeding. For the parallel feeding, the corresponding bandwidth is 28.81%. The proposed antennas combine desirable features such as wide impedance and AR bandwidths, low profile, and easiness of fabrication and therefore is a good candidate for millimeter wave systems around 30 GHz.     

基于精确响应控制的子阵波束赋形算法

相控阵多采用子阵划分来减少通道数,针对均匀划分子阵的波束赋形问题进行研究,提出了一种基于精确响应控制的波束赋形方法。具体来讲,首先由输出期望方向图和单个子阵静态方向图得到子阵级期望方向图;在此基础上利用精确阵列响应控制方法计算出最优权向量,使子阵级静态方向图满足于子阵级期望方向图;最终成功实现了均匀划分子阵的波束赋形。所提算法具有实现简单、灵活性强、适用范围广的优点。文中对所提算法进行了仿真验证,充分证实了所提算法的有效性,可以为子阵的实际工程应用提供重要的理论支撑。     

多子阵平板天线峰值旁瓣优化

针对多子阵平板天线离散口径带来的高旁瓣问题, 分析了不同仰角下的峰值旁瓣电平成因, 提出了降低多子阵天线峰值旁瓣电平的方法。以降低工作范围内的峰值旁瓣为目标, 采用遗传算法研究了天线口径、阵元方向性、幅度衰减等因素对多子阵天线的影响, 实现了峰值旁瓣的最佳优化。仿真结果表明, 多子阵天线的方向图综合仅需考虑最小间距约束; 除子阵间距外, 阵元方向性和幅度衰减对多子阵天线的优化也有一定的影响, 在优化过程中需综合考虑, 本文方法与分析结果可为多子阵平板天线的设计提供参考。     

多子阵互耦影响下的非圆信号自校正算法

针对多子阵互耦影响下的非圆信号波达方向(Direction-Of-Arrival,DOA)估计问题,给出了一种针对最大非圆率信号的互耦自校正算法.该算法利用均匀线阵互耦矩阵的带状、对称Toeplitz性和多子阵互耦矩阵的块状对角特性,能够与传统的互耦秩减估计器一样避免多维搜索和迭代运算.并且通过结合信号的非圆特性来扩展数据模型,使得其估计精度较传统的互耦秩减估计算法有明显提升,可分辨信源数也有所增加.对该算法的理论性能进行研究,分析了其对未知参数的可辨识性必要条件,并基于最大非圆率信号模型给出了相应的克拉美罗界(Cramér-Rao Bound,CRB).仿真结果表明,该算法较传统的互耦秩减估计算法在低信噪比、小快拍数下有更强的鲁棒性.     

多子阵互耦条件下的一维波达方向估计及互耦自校正

该文研究多子阵（multiple subarrays）阵元互耦条件下的波达方向（DOA）估计，假设阵列由多个位置已知的均匀线阵（ULA）组成，但线阵阵元间存在互耦效应。利用均匀线阵互耦矩阵的带状、对称Toeplitz性及多子阵互耦矩阵的块状对角特性，提出了一种解耦合波达方向估计及互耦自校正算法。该算法在未知阵元互耦参数的情况下，可准确估计出信源的波达方向。另外，算法在精确估计波达方向的同时，还可准确估计出阵元间的互耦系数，实现多子阵的互耦自校正。算法的波达方向估计只需一维谱峰搜索，避免了通常多参数联合估计的多维非线性搜索及迭代运算，可明显减小算法运算量。文中讨论了算法参数可辨识性的必要条件，并分析计算了多参数联合估计的克拉美-罗界（CRB）。理论分析及蒙特卡罗仿真结果表明，该算法具有计算量小、DOA估计分辨力高、互耦校正效果好等优点。     

虚拟子阵平滑算法

主动阵列发射正交信号可以极大地扩展阵列的虚拟孔径,阵列的自由度成几何增长.该文利用主动阵列发射同频带时域正交PCM信号构造的虚拟子阵,提出了一种虚拟子阵平滑(VSS)算法,可解决不同目标回波信号相干的问题.该算法避免了接收阵列物理孔径的损失,当接收阵列具有个阵元时,最大可分辨的相干数目为 .仿真实验表明VSS算法的有效性,而且该算法只需要较少的阵元发射信号.     

混合扫描多子阵平板天线旁瓣电平优化研究

多子阵技术是平板天线动中通降低天线系统高度的重要方法,但其离散口径却带来了高旁瓣,且难以通过传统的不等幅馈电技术得以抑制.文中从理论上分析了混合扫描多子阵平板天线的方向图特性,给出了几种降低旁瓣电平的方法.以降低天线扫描范围内的最高旁瓣电平为目标,采用遗传算法对子阵间距进行优化研究,仿真结果表明子阵间距优化可以显著降低天线的旁瓣电平.该方法与分析结果可为多子阵平板天线的设计提供参考.